Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1559
The Expedition of Tabūk
ذِكْرُ أَقْوَامٍ تَخَلَّفُوا مِنَ الْعُصَاةِ غَيْرِ هَؤُلَاءِ. قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ طَلْحَةَ الْوَالِبِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَآخَرُونَ اعْتَرَفُوا بِذُنُوبِهِمْ خَلَطُوا عَمَلًا صَالِحًا وَآخَرَ سَيِّئًا، عَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ ( التَّوْبَةِ: 102 ) قَالَ: كَانُوا عَشَرَةَ رَهْطٍ تَخَلَّفُوا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَ رُجُوعُهُ أَوْثَقَ سَبْعَةٌ مِنْهُمْ أَنْفُسَهُمْ بِسَوَارِي الْمَسْجِدِ، وَكَانَ مَمَرُّ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِذَا رَجَعَ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَلَمَّا مَرَّ بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ قَالَ: " مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ ؟ " قَالُوا: أَبُو لُبَابَةَ وَأَصْحَابٌ لَهُ، تَخَلَّفُوا عَنْكَ حَتَّى تُطْلِقَهُمْ وَتَعْذُرَهُمْ قَالَ: " وَأَنَا أُقْسِمُ بِاللَّهِ لَا أُطْلِقُهُمْ وَلَا أَعْذُرُهُمْ حَتَّى يَكُونَ اللَّهُ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، هُوَ الَّذِي يُطْلِقُهُمْ، رَغِبُوا عَنِّي، وَتَخَلَّفُوا عَنِ الْغَزْوِ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ". فَلَمَّا أَنْ بَلَغَهُمْ ذَلِكَ قَالُوا: وَنَحْنُ لَا نُطْلِقُ أَنْفُسَنَا حَتَّى يَكُونَ اللَّهُ هُوَ الَّذِي يُطْلِقُنَا، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَآخَرُونَ اعْتَرَفُوا بِذُنُوبِهِمْ الْآيَةَ . " وَعَسَى " مِنَ اللَّهِ وَاجِبٌ فَلَمَّا أُنْزِلَتْ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَأَطْلَقَهُمْ وَعَذَرَهُمْ فَجَاءُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَذِهِ أَمْوَالُنَا فَتَصَدَّقْ بِهَا عَنَّا، وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَنَا، فَقَالَ: " مَا أُمِرْتُ أَنْ آخُذَ أَمْوَالَكُمْ ". فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُطَهِّرُهُمْ وَتُزَكِّيهِمْ بِهَا وَصَلِّ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ صَلَاتَكَ سَكَنٌ لَهُمْ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ وَآخَرُونَ مُرْجَوْنَ لِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ إِمَّا يُعَذِّبُهُمْ وَإِمَّا يَتُوبُ عَلَيْهِمْ ( التَّوْبَةِ: 103، 106 ). وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَرْبِطُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ بِالسَّوَارِي فَأُرْجِئُوا حَتَّى نَزَلَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: لَقَدْ تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: وَعَلَى الثَّلَاثَةِ الَّذِينَ خُلِّفُوا إِلَى آخِرِهَا ( التَّوْبَةِ: 117، 118 ). وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَطِيَّةُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ الْعَوْفِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بِنَحْوِهِ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ وَمُجَاهِدٌ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قِصَّةَ أَبِي لُبَابَةَ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ يَوْمَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، وَرَبْطِهِ نَفْسَهُ حَتَّى تِيبَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْ غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ فَرَبَطَ نَفْسَهُ أَيْضًا حَتَّى تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَنْخَلِعَ مِنْ مَالِهِ كُلِّهِ صَدَقَةً فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " يَكْفِيكَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الثُّلُثُ ". قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَفِيهِ نَزَلَ وَآخَرُونَ اعْتَرَفُوا بِذُنُوبِهِمْ الْآيَةَ. قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ: ثُمَّ لَمْ يُرَ مِنْهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ إِلَّا خَيْرٌ، ؓ وَأَرْضَاهُ. قُلْتُ: وَلَعَلَّ هَؤُلَاءِ الثَّلَاثَةَ لَمْ يَذْكُرُوا مَعَهُ بَقِيَّةَ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَاقْتَصَرُوا عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ كَالزَّعِيمِ لَهُمْ، كَمَا دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ سِيَاقُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَرَوَى الْحَافِظُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيِّ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ عِيَاضٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: " إِنَّ مِنْكُمْ مُنَافِقِينَ فَمَنْ سَمَّيْتُ فَلْيَقُمْ قُمْ يَا فُلَانُ قُمْ يَا فُلَانُ قُمْ يَا فُلَانُ ". حَتَّى عَدَّ سِتَّةٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " إِنَّ فِيكُمْ - أَوْ إِنَّ مِنْكُمْ - مُنَافِقِينَ فَسَلُوا اللَّهَ الْعَافِيَةَ ". قَالَ: فَمَرَّ عُمَرُ بِرَجُلٍ مُتَقَنِّعٍ وَقَدْ كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ مَعْرِفَةٌ فَقَالَ: مَا شَأْنُكَ ؟ فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: بُعْدًا لَكَ سَائِرَ الْيَوْمَ.. قُلْتُ -ابن كثير رحمه الله تعالى-: كَانَ الْمُتَخَلِّفُونَ عَنْ غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَقْسَامٍ ; مَأْمُورُونَ مَأْجُورُونَ كَعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ وَابْنِ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ، وَمَعْذُورُونَ وَهُمُ الضُّعَفَاءُ وَالْمَرْضَى وَالْمُقِلُّونَ وَهُمُ الْبَكَّاءُونَ، وَعُصَاةٌ مُذْنِبُونَ وَهُمُ الثَّلَاثَةُ وَأَبُو لُبَابَةَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ الْمَذْكُورُونَ، وَآخَرُونَ مَلُومُونَ مَذْمُومُونَ وَهُمُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُقْبَةَ: لَمَّا دَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ تَلَقَّاهُ عَامَّةُ الَّذِينَ تَخَلَّفُوا عَنْهُ ، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لِأَصْحَابِهِ لَا تُكَلِّمُوا رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ وَلَا تُجَالِسُوهُمْ حَتَّى آذَنَ لَكُمْ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيُعْرِضُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَأَخِيهِ، وَحَتَّى إِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَتُعْرِضُ عَنْ زَوْجِهَا، فَمَكَثُوا كَذَلِكَ أَيَّامًا حَتَّى رَكِبَ الَّذِينَ تَخَلَّفُوا، وَجَعَلُوا يَعْتَذِرُونَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْجُهْدِ وَالْأَسْقَامِ، وَيَحْلِفُونَ لَهُ فَرَحِمَهُمْ وَبَايَعَهُمْ وَاسْتَغْفَرَ لَهُمْ.
Translation
✧ Mention of people among the disobedient who stayed behind, other than these. ʿAlī b. Ṭalḥah al-Wālibī said, from Ibn ʿAbbās, regarding His saying, exalted is He: “And [there are] others who have confessed their sins; they mixed a righteous deed with another that was bad. Perhaps Allah will turn to them in mercy. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful” (Al-Tawbah: 102). He said: They were ten men who stayed behind from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the expedition of Tabūk. When his return drew near, seven of them bound themselves to the pillars of the mosque. The Prophet’s ﷺ route, when he returned from the mosque, passed by them. When the Messenger of Allah passed by them, he said: “Who are these?” They said: “Abū Lubābah and companions of his; they stayed behind from you until you release them and excuse them.” He said: “And I swear by Allah, I will not release them nor excuse them until it is Allah, Mighty and Majestic, who releases them. They shunned me and stayed behind from the expedition with the Muslims.” When that reached them, they said: “And we will not release ourselves until it is Allah who releases us.” Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, sent down: “And [there are] others who have confessed their sins…” — the verse. “Perhaps” from Allah is obligatory. When it was sent down, the Messenger of Allah sent to them and released them and excused them. They came with their wealth and said: “O Messenger of Allah, this is our wealth, so give it as charity on our behalf and seek forgiveness for us.” He said: “I have not been commanded to take your wealth.” Then Allah sent down: “Take from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase, and invoke [Allah’s blessings] upon them. Indeed, your invocations are reassurance for them. And Allah is Hearing and Knowing” up to His saying: “And [there are] others deferred for the command of Allah — either He will punish them or He will turn to them in mercy” (Al-Tawbah: 103, 106). They are those who did not bind themselves to the pillars, so they were deferred until His saying, exalted is He, came down: “Allah has already turned in mercy to the Prophet and the Muhājirūn and the Anṣār…” up to His saying: “And [also] to the three who were left behind…” to its end (Al-Tawbah: 117, 118). Likewise, ʿAṭiyyah b. Saʿd al-ʿAwfī narrated it from Ibn ʿAbbās in a similar manner. Saʿīd b. al-Musayyab, Mujāhid, and Muḥammad b. Isḥāq mentioned the story of Abū Lubābah and what happened with him on the day of Banū Qurayẓah, and his binding himself until he was pardoned. Then he stayed behind from the expedition of Tabūk and again bound himself until Allah pardoned him. He wanted to divest himself of all his wealth as charity, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: “A third of that is sufficient for you.” Mujāhid and Ibn Isḥāq said: Concerning him was sent down: “And [there are] others who have confessed their sins…” — the verse. Saʿīd b. al-Musayyab said: Then nothing but good was seen of him in Islam thereafter, ؓ and may He be pleased with him. I say: Perhaps these three mentioned along with him did not mention the rest of his companions, and they confined themselves to the fact that he was like their leader, as indicated by the context of Ibn ʿAbbās. And Allah knows best. The ḥāfiẓ al-Bayhaqī narrated by way of Abū Aḥmad al-Zubayrī, from Sufyān al-Thawrī, from Salamah b. Kuhayl, from ʿIyāḍ b. ʿIyāḍ, from his father, from Abū Masʿūd, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed us and said: “Indeed, among you are hypocrites. So whoever I name, let him stand: stand, O so-and-so; stand, O so-and-so; stand, O so-and-so,” until he counted thirty-six. Then he said: “Indeed, among you — or indeed, from you — are hypocrites, so ask Allah for well-being.” He said: Then ʿUmar passed by a veiled man whom he knew. He said: “What is your affair?” He told him what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had said. He said: “Away with you for the rest of the day!” I say — Ibn Kathīr, may Allah have mercy on him: Those who stayed behind from the expedition of Tabūk were of four categories: commanded and rewarded, such as ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, Muḥammad b. Maslamah, and Ibn Umm Maktūm; excused, namely the weak, the sick, and those of little means, who are the weepers; disobedient sinners, namely the three, and Abū Lubābah and his companions mentioned above; and others blamed and censured, namely the hypocrites. Ibn ʿUqbah said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ drew near to Madinah, the general mass of those who had stayed behind came out to meet him, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to his companions: “Do not speak to any man of them nor sit with them until I permit you.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the believers turned away from them, to the point that a man would turn away from his father and his brother, and a woman would turn away from her husband. They remained thus for some days, until those who had stayed behind mounted [their excuses] and began to make excuses to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on account of hardship and illnesses, and they swore to him. So he had mercy on them, accepted their pledge, and sought forgiveness for them.
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