Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1550
The Expedition of Tabūk
بَعْثُهُ، عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى أُكَيْدِرِ دَوْمَةَ . قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَعَا خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ فَبَعَثَهُ إِلَى أُكَيْدِرِ دَوْمَةَ وَهُوَ أُكَيْدِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ ; رَجُلٌ مِنْ كِنْدَةَ، كَانَ مَلِكًا عَلَيْهَا، وَكَانَ نَصْرَانِيًّا، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِخَالِدٍ: " إِنَّكَ سَتَجِدُهُ يَصِيدُ الْبَقَرَ ". فَخَرَجَ خَالِدٌ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ مِنْ حِصْنِهِ بِمَنْظَرِ الْعَيْنِ، وَفِي لَيْلَةٍ مُقْمِرَةٍ صَائِفَةٍ، وَهُوَ عَلَى سَطْحٍ لَهُ، وَمَعَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ، وَبَاتَتِ الْبَقَرُ تَحُكُّ بِقُرُونِهَا بَابَ الْقَصْرِ، فَقَالَتْ لَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ: هَلْ رَأَيْتَ مِثْلَ هَذَا قَطُّ ؟ ! قَالَ لَا وَاللَّهِ ! قَالَتْ: فَمَنْ يَتْرُكُ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ: لَا أَحَدَ. فَنَزَلَ فَأَمَرَ بِفَرَسِهِ فَأُسْرِجَ لَهُ، وَرَكِبَ وَمَعَهُ نَفَرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، فِيهِمْ أَخٌ لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهُ: حَسَّانُ. فَرَكِبَ وَخَرَجُوا مَعَهُ بِمَطَارِدِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجُوا تَلَقَّتْهُمْ خَيْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَأَخَذَتْهُ وَقَتَلُوا أَخَاهُ، وَكَانَ عَلَيْهِ قَبَاءٌ مِنْ دِيبَاجٍ مُخَوَّصٍ بِالذَّهَبِ، فَاسْتَلَبَهُ خَالِدٌ فَبَعَثَ بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَبْلَ قُدُومِهِ عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ: فَحَدَّثَنِي عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ قَبَاءَ أُكَيْدِرٍ حِينَ قُدِمَ بِهِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَجَعَلَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَلْمِسُونَهُ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَيَتَعَجَّبُونَ مِنْهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " أَتَعْجَبُونَ مِنْ هَذَا ؟ فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَمَنَادِيلُ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ أَحْسَنُ مِنْ هَذَا " .. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ إِنَّ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ لَمَّا قَدِمَ بِأُكَيْدِرٍ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَقَنَ لَهُ دَمَهُ فَصَالَحَهُ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ، ثُمَّ خَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَى قَرْيَتِهِ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي طَيِّئٍ - يُقَالُ لَهُ: بُجَيْرُ بْنُ بَجْرَةَ - فِي ذَلِكَ: تَبَارَكَ سَائِقُ الْبَقَرَاتِ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي كُلَّ هَادِ فَمَنْ يَكُ حَائِدًا عَنْ ذِي تَبُوكَ فَإِنَّا قَدْ أُمِرْنَا بِالْجِهَادِ وَقَدْ حَكَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِهَذَا الشَّاعِرِ: لَا يَفْضُضِ اللَّهُ فَاكَ ". فَأَتَتْ عَلَيْهِ تِسْعُونَ سَنَةً مَا تَحَرَّكَ لَهُ فِيهَا ضِرْسٌ وَلَا سِنٌّ. وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ خَالِدًا مَرْجِعَهُ مِنْ تَبُوكَ فِي أَرْبَعِمِائَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ فَارِسًا إِلَى أُكَيْدِرِ دَوْمَةَ. فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ مَاكَرَهُ حَتَّى أَنْزَلَهُ مِنَ الْحِصْنِ، وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ قَدِمَ مَعَ أُكَيْدِرٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَمَانُمِائَةٍ مِنَ السَّبْيِ، وَأَلْفُ بَعِيرٍ، وَأَرْبَعُمِائَةِ دِرْعٍ، وَأَرْبَعُمِائَةِ رُمْحٍ، وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا سَمِعَ عَظِيمُ أَيْلَةَ يُحَنَّةُ بْنُ رُؤْبَةَ بِقَضِيَّةِ أُكَيْدِرِ دَوْمَةَ أَقْبَلَ قَادِمًا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيُصَالِحَهُ، فَاجْتَمَعَا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِتَبُوكَ. فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَرَوَى يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ عَنْ بِلَالِ بْنِ يَحْيَى أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ كَانَ عَلَى الْمُهَاجِرِينَ فِي غَزْوَةِ دُومَةِ الْجَنْدَلِ، وَخَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ عَلَى الْأَعْرَابِ فِي غَزْوَةِ دُومَةِ الْجَنْدَلِ.. فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَذَكَرَ ابن عائذ فِي هَذَا الْخَبَرِ، أَنَّ أكيدرا قَالَ عَنِ الْبَقَرِ: وَاللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْتُهَا قَطُّ أَتَتْنَا إِلَّا الْبَارِحَةَ، وَلَقَدْ كُنْتُ أُضْمِرُ لَهَا الْيَوْمَيْنِ وَالثَّلَاثَةَ وَلَكِنْ قَدَّرَ اللَّهُ فائدة في أن الغنيمة تكون للسرية التي أصابت العدو بعد التخميس ما لم تصب ذلك بقوة الجيش قال ابن القيم رحمه الله تعالى: أَنَّ الْإِمَامَ إِذَا بَعَثَ سَرِيَّةً فَغَنِمَتْ غَنِيمَةً ، أَوْ أَسَرَتْ أَسِيرًا، أَوْ فَتَحَتْ حِصْنًا، كَانَ مَا حَصَلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ لَهَا بَعْدَ تَخْمِيسِهِ، فَإِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَسَمَ مَا صَالَحَ عَلَيْهِ أُكَيْدِرًا مِنْ فَتْحِ دَوْمَةِ الْجَنْدَلِ بَيْنَ السَّرِيَّةِ الَّذِينَ بَعَثَهُمْ مَعَ خالد، وَكَانُوا أَرْبَعَمِائَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ فَارِسًا، وَكَانَتْ غَنَائِمُهُمْ أَلْفَيْ بَعِيرٍ وَثَمَانِمِائَةِ رَأْسٍ، فَأَصَابَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ خَمْسَ فَرَائِضَ، وَهَذَا بِخِلَافِ مَا إِذَا أُخْرِجَتِ السَّرِيَّةُ مِنَ الْجَيْشِ فِي حَالِ الْغَزْوِ فَأَصَابَتْ ذَلِكَ بِقُوَّةِ الْجَيْشِ، فَإِنَّ مَا أَصَابُوا يَكُونُ غَنِيمَةً لِلْجَمِيعِ بَعْدَ الْخَمْسِ وَالنَّفْلِ، وَهَذَا كَانَ هَدْيَهُ ﷺ
Translation
✧ His ﷺ dispatching Khālid b. al-Walīd to Ukaydir of Dūmah. Ibn Isḥāq said: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ summoned Khālid b. al-Walīd and dispatched him to Ukaydir of Dūmah, who was Ukaydir b. ʿAbd al-Malik, a man of Kindah, who was king over it and was a Christian. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Khālid: "You will find him hunting wild cattle." Khālid set out until, when he was within sight of his fortress, on a moonlit summer night, while he was on a roof of his with his wife, and the cattle spent the night rubbing their horns against the door of the palace, his wife said to him: "Have you ever seen the like of this?" He said: "No, by Allah!" She said: "Who would leave this?" He said: "No one." So he went down and ordered his horse to be saddled for him, and he mounted, with him a number of his household, among them a brother of his called Ḥassān. He mounted and they went out with him with their spears. When they came out, the cavalry of the Prophet ﷺ met them, seized him, and killed his brother. He was wearing a qabāʾ of brocade interwoven with gold, which Khālid stripped from him and sent to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ before his own arrival. He said: ʿĀṣim b. ʿUmar b. Qatādah narrated to me from Anas b. Mālik, who said: I saw the qabāʾ of Ukaydir when it was brought to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and the Muslims were touching it with their hands and marveling at it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Do you marvel at this? By Him in whose hand is my soul, the napkins of Saʿd b. Muʿādh in Paradise are finer than this." Ibn Isḥāq said: Then when Khālid b. al-Walīd brought Ukaydir to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he spared his blood and made peace with him on condition of the jizyah, then released him, and he returned to his village. A man of Banū Ṭayyiʾ called Bujayr b. Bajrah said concerning that: Blessed be the driver of the cattle! I have seen Allah guide every guide. So whoever turns aside from Dhū Tabūk, we have indeed been commanded to strive. Al-Bayhaqī related that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to this poet: "May Allah not break your mouth." He lived ninety years during which neither a molar nor a tooth moved for him. Ibn Lahīʿah narrated from Abū al-Aswad from ʿUrwah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ dispatched Khālid on his return from Tabūk with four hundred and twenty horsemen to Ukaydir of Dūmah. He mentioned something similar to what preceded, except that he mentioned that he tricked him until he brought him down from the fortress, and he mentioned that he came with Ukaydir to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with eight hundred captives, one thousand camels, four hundred coats of mail, and four hundred spears, and he mentioned that when the governor of Aylah, Yuḥannā b. Ruʾbah, heard of the affair of Ukaydir of Dūmah, he came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to make peace with him, and the two met in the presence of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at Tabūk. But Allah knows best. Yūnus b. Bukayr narrated from Saʿd b. Aws from Bilāl b. Yaḥyā that Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq was in command of the Muhājirūn in the expedition of Dūmat al-Jandal, and Khālid b. al-Walīd was in command of the Bedouins in the expedition of Dūmat al-Jandal. But Allah knows best. Ibn ʿĀʾidh mentioned in this account that Ukaydir said about the cattle: "By Allah, I have never seen them come to us except last night, and I had been waiting for them for two or three days, but Allah decreed." There is a point of benefit in that the spoils belong to the raiding party that captured the enemy after the fifth is taken, as long as they did not capture it with the strength of the army. Ibn al-Qayyim, may Allah have mercy on him, said: When the imam dispatches a raiding party and it takes spoils, or captures a prisoner, or opens a fortress, what is obtained from that belongs to it after the fifth is taken, for the Prophet ﷺ divided what Ukaydir made peace upon from the opening of Dūmat al-Jandal among the raiding party whom he sent with Khālid, and they were four hundred and twenty horsemen, and their spoils were two thousand camels and eight hundred head, so each man among them received five shares. This is unlike when the raiding party is sent out from the army during a campaign and captures that with the strength of the army, for what they capture becomes spoils for all after the fifth and the commander's share. And this was his ﷺ practice.
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