Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1453
The Conquest of Makkah
مُبَايَعَتِهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ ثُمَّ جَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلْبَيْعَةِ عَلَى الصَّفَا وَعُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ تَحْتَهُ، وَاجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ لِبَيْعَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، فَكَانَ يُبَايِعُهُمْ عَلَى السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ فِيمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا، فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ بَيْعَةَ الرِّجَالِ. وَأَمَّا بَيْعَةُ النِّسَاءِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ بَايَعَ النِّسَاءَ، فَأَتَاهُ مِنْهُنَّ نِسَاءٌ مِنْ نِسَاءِ قُرَيْشٍ، مِنْهُنَّ أُمُّ هَانِئٍ بِنْتُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَأُمُّ حَبِيبٍ بِنْتُ الْعَاصِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، وَكَانَتْ عِنْدَ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَبْدِ وَدٍّ الْعَامِرِيِّ، وَأَرْوَى بِنْتُ أَبِي الْعِيصِ عَمَّةُ عَتَّابِ بْنِ أَسِيدٍ، وَأُخْتُهَا عَاتِكَةُ بِنْتُ أَبِي الْعِيصِ، وَكَانَتْ عِنْدَ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ أَبِي وَدَاعَةَ السَّهْمِيِّ، وَأُمُّهُ بِنْتُ عَفَّانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ أُخْتُ عُثْمَانَ، وَكَانَتْ عِنْدَ سَعْدٍ حَلِيفِ بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ، وَهِنْدُ بِنْتُ عُتْبَةَ، وَكَانَتْ عِنْدَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، وَيُسَيْرَةُ بِنْتُ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ أَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى، وَأُمُّ حَكِيمٍ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، وَكَانَتْ عِنْدَ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ، وَفَاخِتَةُ بِنْتُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ أُخْتُ خَالِدٍ، وَكَانَتْ عِنْدَ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ خَلَفٍ، وَرَيْطَةُ بِنْتُ الْحَجَّاجِ، وَكَانَتْ عِنْدَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ فِي غَيْرِهِنَّ ورَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ، وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ خَلَفٍ ؓ أَنَّهُ رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُبَايِعُ النَّاسَ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ. قَالَ: جَلَسَ عِنْدَ قَرْنِ مَسْفَلَةَ، فَبَايَعَ النَّاسَ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَجَاءَهُ الْكِبَارُ وَالصِّغَارُ، وَالرِّجَالُ وَالنِّسَاءُ، فَبَايَعَهُمْ عَلَى الْإِيمَانِ بِاللَّهِ - تَعَالَى - وَشَهَادَةِ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ. وَقَالَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى -: اجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ بِمَكَّةَ لِبَيْعَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، فَجَلَسَ لَهُمْ - فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي - عَلَى الصَّفَا، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَسْفَلَ مِنْ مَجْلِسِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخَذَ عَلَى النَّاسِ السَّمْعَ وَالطَّاعَةَ لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ فِيمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ بَيْعَةِ الرِّجَالِ بَايَعَ النِّسَاءَ وَفِيهِنَّ هِنْدُ بِنْتُ عُتْبَةَ، امْرَأَةُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ مُتَنَقِّبَةً مُتَنَكِّرَةً خَوْفًا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُخْبِرَهَا بِمَا كَانَ مِنْ صَنِيعِهَا بِحَمْزَةَ، فَهِيَ تَخَافُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهَا بِحَدَثِهَا ذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا دَنَيْنَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «بَايِعْنَنِي عَلَى أَلَّا تُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا” فَرَفَعَتْ هِنْدٌ رَأَسَهَا وَقَالَتْ: وَاللَّهِ إِنَّكَ لَتَأْخُذُ عَلَيْنَا مَا لَا تَأْخُذُهُ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ فَقَالَ: «وَلَا تَسْرِقْنَ” فَقَالَتْ: وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي كُنْتُ أَصَبْتُ مِنْ مَالِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ الْهَنَةَ بَعْدَ الْهَنَةِ، وَمَا كُنْتُ أَدْرِي أَكَانَ ذَلِكَ حَلَالًا أَمْ لَا ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ: - وَكَانَ شَاهِدًا لِمَا تَقُولُ - أَمَّا مَا أَصَبْتِ فِيمَا مَضَى فَأَنْتِ مِنْهُ فِي حِلٍّ - عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنْكِ - ثُمَّ قَالَ: «وَلَا تَزْنِينَ” فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: أَوَ تَزْنِي الْحُرَّةُ ؟ ! ثُمَّ قَالَ: «وَلَا تَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلَادَكُنَّ” قَالَتْ: قَدْ رَبَّيْنَاهُمْ صِغَارًا وَقَتَلْتَهُمْ كِبَارًا، فَأَنْتَ وَهُمْ أَعْلَمُ، فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعُمَرُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «وَلَا تَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَانٍ تَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيكُنَّ وَأَرْجُلِكُنَّ” فَقَالَتْ: وَاللَّهِ إِنَّ إِتْيَانَ الْبُهْتَانِ لَقَبِيحٌ وَلِبَعْضِ التَّجَاوُزِ أَمْثَلُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «وَلَا تَعْصِينَ” فَقَالَتْ: فِي مَعْرُوفٍ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لِعُمَرَ: «بَايِعْهُنَّ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ” فَبَايَعَهُنَّ عُمَرُ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ. لَا يُصَافِحُ النِّسَاءَ وَلَا يَمَسُّ جِلْدَ امْرَأَةٍ لَمْ يُحِلَّهَا اللَّهُ - تَعَالَى - لَهُ أَوْ ذَاتِ مَحْرَمٍ وَرَوَى الشَّيْخَانِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَتْ لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا مَسَّتْ يَدُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدَ امْرَأَةٍ قَطُّ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ مَا كَانَ يُبَايِعُهُنَّ إِلَّا كَلَامًا وَيَقُولُ إِنَّمَا قَوْلِي لِامْرَأَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ كَقَوْلِي لِمِائَةِ امْرَأَةٍ. وَفِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ هِنْدَ بِنْتَ عُتْبَةَ امْرَأَةَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ أَتَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ رَجُلٌ شَحِيحٌ، لَا يُعْطِينِي مِنَ النَّفَقَةِ مَا يَكْفِينِي وَيَكْفِي بَنِيَّ، فَهَلْ عَلَيَّ مِنْ حَرَجٍ إِذَا أَخَذْتُ مِنْ مَالِهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمِهِ ؟ قَالَ: " خُذِي مِنْ مَالِهِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ مَا يَكْفِيكِ وَيَكْفِي بَنِيكِ. وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ يَحْيَى بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ هِنْدَ بِنْتَ عُتْبَةَ قَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَا كَانَ مِمَّا عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ أَخْبَاءٌ أَوْ أَهْلُ خِبَاءٍ - الشَّكُّ مِنَ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ - أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ يَذِلُّوا مِنْ أَهْلِ أَخْبَائِكَ - أَوْ خِبَائِكَ - ثُمَّ مَا أَصْبَحَ الْيَوْمَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْأَرْضِ أَهْلُ أَخْبَاءٍ - أَوْ خِبَاءٍ - أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ يَعِزُّوا مِنْ أَهْلِ أَخْبَائِكَ - أَوْ خِبَائِكَ -. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " وَأَيْضًا وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ ". قَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ رَجُلٌ مَسِيكٌ، فَهَلْ عَلَيَّ حَرَجٌ أَنْ أَطْعَمَ مِنَ الَّذِي لَهُ ؟ قَالَ: " لَا، إِلَّا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ
Translation
✧ His ﷺ accepting the people's pledge of allegiance upon Islam Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sat on al-Ṣafā to receive the pledge of allegiance, with ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb below him, and the people gathered to pledge allegiance to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ upon Islam. He would accept their pledge upon hearing and obedience to Allah and His Messenger as far as they were able, and this was the pledge of the men. As for the pledge of the women, when he had finished with the men, he accepted the pledge of the women. Among them came women from the women of Quraysh, including Umm Hāniʾ bt. Abī Ṭālib, Umm Ḥabīb bt. al-ʿĀṣ b. Umayya, who was married to ʿAmr b. ʿAbd Wadd al-ʿĀmirī, Arwā bt. Abī al-ʿĪṣ, the paternal aunt of ʿAttāb b. Asīd, and her sister ʿĀtika bt. Abī al-ʿĪṣ, who was married to al-Muṭṭalib b. Abī Wadāʿa al-Sahmī, and Ummuhu bt. ʿAffān b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ, the sister of ʿUthmān, who was married to Saʿd, an ally of Banū Makhzūm, and Hind bt. ʿUtba, who was married to Abū Sufyān, and Yusayra bt. Ṣafwān b. Nawfal b. Asad b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā, and Umm Ḥakīm bt. al-Ḥārith b. Hishām, who was married to ʿIkrima b. Abī Jahl, and Fākhita bt. al-Walīd b. al-Mughīra, the sister of Khālid, who was married to Ṣafwān b. Umayya b. Khalaf, and Rayṭa bt. al-Ḥajjāj, who was married to ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, among others. Al-Imām Aḥmad and al-Bayhaqī narrated from al-Aswad b. Khalaf ؓ that he saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ accepting the people's pledge on the day of the conquest. He said: He sat near the horn of Masfala, and accepted the people's pledge upon Islam. The old and the young, men and women came to him, and he accepted their pledge upon faith in Allah—Exalted is He—and the testimony that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. Al-Ḥāfiẓ Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. Jarīr—may Allah have mercy on him—said: The people gathered in Makkah to pledge allegiance to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ upon Islam, and he sat for them—as it has reached me—on al-Ṣafā, with ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb below the seat of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He took from the people the pledge of hearing and obedience to Allah and His Messenger as far as they were able. When he had finished the pledge of the men, he accepted the pledge of the women, among them Hind bt. ʿUtba, the wife of Abū Sufyān, veiled and disguised out of fear of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ lest he inform her of what she had done to Ḥamza, for she feared that he would hold her accountable for that act. When they drew near to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he said: "Pledge to me that you will not associate anything with Allah." Hind raised her head and said: "By Allah, you impose upon us what you do not impose upon men." He said: "And that you will not steal." She said: "By Allah, I used to take from the wealth of Abū Sufyān a little now and a little then, and I did not know whether that was lawful or not." Abū Sufyān said—and he was present witnessing what she said—: "As for what you took in the past, you are absolved of it—may Allah pardon you." Then he said: "And that you will not commit adultery." She said: "O Messenger of Allah, does a free woman commit adultery?" Then he said: "And that you will not kill your children." She said: "We raised them when they were small, and you killed them when they were grown, so you and they know best." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ and ʿUmar laughed. Then he said: "And that you will not bring a slander you fabricate between your hands and feet." She said: "By Allah, bringing slander is ugly, and some overlooking is better." Then he said: "And that you will not disobey." She said: "In what is proper." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to ʿUmar: "Accept their pledge and ask Allah's forgiveness for them, for Allah is Forgiving, Merciful." So ʿUmar accepted their pledge. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not shake hands with women, nor touch the skin of a woman whom Allah—Exalted is He—had not made lawful for him or who was not a maḥram. Al-Bukhārī and Muslim narrated from ʿĀʾisha ؓ: She said: "No, by Allah, the hand of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ never touched the hand of a woman." In another narration: "He would accept their pledge only by speech, and he would say: 'My word to one woman is like my word to a hundred women.'" And in the two Ṣaḥīḥs from ʿĀʾisha: Hind bt. ʿUtba, the wife of Abū Sufyān, came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: "O Messenger of Allah, Abū Sufyān is a stingy man and does not give me of maintenance what suffices me and my children. Is there any sin upon me if I take from his wealth without his knowledge?" He said: "Take from his wealth in a fair manner what suffices you and your children." Al-Bayhaqī narrated from the path of Yaḥyā b. Bukayr, from al-Layth, from Yūnus, from Ibn Shihāb, from ʿUrwa, from ʿĀʾisha, that Hind bt. ʿUtba said: "O Messenger of Allah, there was no household on the face of the earth—tents or tent-dwellers—the doubt is from Ibn Bukayr—more beloved to me than that they be humiliated than the household of your tents—or your tent. Then today there is no household on the face of the earth—tents or a tent—more beloved to me than that they be honored than the household of your tents—or your tent." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "And also, by the One in whose hand is the soul of Muhammad." She said: "O Messenger of Allah, Abū Sufyān is a tight-fisted man. Is there any sin upon me if I feed from what belongs to him?" He said: "No, except in a fair manner."
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