Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1368
The Expedition of Khaybar
انْصِرَافِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ خَيْبَرَ وَتَوَجُّهِهِ إِلَى وَادِي الْقُرَى وَمُصَالَحَةِ يَهُودِ تَيْمَاءَ قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ انْصَرَفَ إلَى وَادِي الْقُرَى قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: نَزَلْنَاهَا أَصِيلًا مَعَ مَغْرِبِ الشَّمْسِ، رَوَاهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ. قَالَ الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ: قَالُوا: أَتَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُنْصَرَفَهُ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ وَادِي الْقُرَى فَدَعَا أَهْلَهَا إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، فَامْتَنَعُوا مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَقَاتَلُوا، فَفَتَحَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْوَةً، وَغَنَّمَهُ اللَّهُ أَمْوَالَ أَهْلِهَا، وَأَصَابَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْهُمْ أَثَاثًا وَمَتَاعًا، فَخَمَّسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَلِكَ، وَتُرِكَتِ الْأَرْضُ، وَالنَّخْلُ فِي أَيْدِي يَهُودَ، وَعَامَلَهُمْ عَلَى نَحْوِ مَا عَامَلَ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلَ خَيْبَرَ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ: لَمَّا انْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ خَيْبَرَ، وَأَتَى الصَّهْبَاءَ سَلَكَ عَلَى بُرْمَةٍ، حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَيَّ وَادِي الْقُرَى، يُرِيدُ مَنْ بِهَا مِنْ يَهُودَ، وَكَانَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ يُحَدِّثُ فَيَقُولُ، - خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ إِلَى وَادِي الْقُرَى، وَكَانَ رِفَاعَةُ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ الْجُذَامِيُّ قَدْ وَهَبَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ عَبْدًا أَسْوَدَ يُقَالُ لَهُ مِدْعَمٌ - بِمِيمٍ مَكْسُورَةٍ فَدَالٍ سَاكِنَةٍ فَعَيْنٍ مَفْتُوحَةٍ مُهْمَلَتَيْنِ، وَكَانَ يُرَحِّلُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا نَزَلْنَا بِوَادِي الْقُرَى انْتَهَيْنَا إِلَى يَهُودَ، وَقَدْ ضَوَى إِلَيْهَا نَاسٌ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ، فَبَيْنَمَا مِدْعَمٌ يَحُطُّ رَحْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَدِ اسْتَقْبَلَتْنَا يَهُودُ بِالرَّمْيِ حَيْثُ نَزَلْنَا، وَلَمْ نَكُنْ عَلَى تَعْبِئَةٍ، وَهِيَ يَصِيحُونَ فِي أَطَامِهِمْ، فَيُقْبِلُ سَهْمٌ عَائِرٌ فَأَصَابَ مِدْعَمًا فَقَتَلَهُ، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ: هَنِيئًا لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ، فَقَالَ: رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَلَّا وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ إِنَّ الشَّمْلَةَ الَّتِي أَخَذَهَا يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ مِنَ الْغَنَائِمِ لَمْ يُصِبْهَا الْمَقْسَمُ تَشْتَعِلُ عَلَيْهِ نَارًا». فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ النَّاسُ بِذَلِكَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِشِرَاكٍ أَوْ شِرَاكَيْنِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «شِرَاكٌ مِنْ نَارٍ أَوْ شِرَاكَانِ مِنْ نَارٍ». وَعَبَّأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَصْحَابَهُ لِلْقِتَالِ، وَصَفَّهُمْ، وَدَفَعَ لِوَاءَهُ إِلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ، وَرَايَةً إِلَى الْحُبَابِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ، وَرَايَةً إِلَى سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ - بِضَمِّ الْحَاءِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ وَفَتْحِ النُّونِ، وَسُكُونِ التَّحْتِيَّةِ، وَرَايَةً إِلَى عَبَّادِ - بِتَشْدِيدِ الْمُوَحَّدَةِ، وَبِالدَّالِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ - ابْنِ بِشْرٍ. ثُمَّ دَعَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَأَخْبَرَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ إِنْ أَسْلَمُوا أَحْرَزُوا أَمْوَالَهُمْ، وَحَقَنُوا دِمَاءَهُمْ، وَحِسَابَهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ - تَعَالَى. فَبَرَزَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ، فَبَرَزَ لَهُ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ فَقَتَلَهُ، ثُمَّ بَرَزَ آخَرُ، فَبَرَزَ لَهُ الزُّبَيْرُ فَقَتَلَهُ، ثُمَّ بَرَزَ آخَرُ، فَبَرَزَ إِلَيْهِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ فَقَتَلَهُ، ثُمَّ بَرَزَ آخَرُ فَبَرَزَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو دُجَانَةَ فَقَتَلَهُ، ثُمَّ بَرَزَ آخَرُ فَبَرَزَ لَهُ أَبُو دُجَانَةَ فَقَتَلَهُ، حَتَّى قَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَحَدَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا كُلَّمَا قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ دَعَا مَنْ بَقِيَ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ. وَلَقَدْ كَانَتِ الصَّلَاةُ تَحْضُرُ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَيُصَلِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَصْحَابِهِ، ثُمَّ يَعُودُ فَيَدَعُوهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ حَتَّى أَمْسَوْا، وَغَدَا عَلَيْهِمْ فَلَمْ تَرْتَفِعِ الشَّمْسُ حَتَّى أَعْطَوْا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ، وَفَتَحَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْوَةً، وَغَنَّمَهُ اللَّهُ - تَعَالَى أَمْوَالَهُمْ، وَأَصَابُوا أَثَاثًا وَمَتَاعًا كَثِيرًا، وَأَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِوَادِي الْقُرَى أَرْبَعَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَقَسَمَ مَا أَصَابَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ بِوَادِي الْقُرَى، وَتَرَكَ الْأَرْضَ وَالنَّخِيلَ بِأَيْدِي يَهُودَ، وَعَامَلَهُمْ عَلَيْهَا. قَالَ الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ: وَوَلَّاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَمْرَو بْنَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ، وَأَقْطَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَمْرَةَ - بِالْجِيمِ - ابْنَ هَوْذَةَ - بِفَتْحِ الْهَاءِ، وَالذَّالِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ - الْعُذْرِيَّ رَمْيَةً بِسَوْطِهِ مِنْ وَادِي الْقُرَى. فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ يَهُودَ تَيْمَاءَ مَا وَطِئَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ وَفَدَكَ وَوَادِي الْقُرَى، صَالَحُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ، وَأَقَامُوا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ عُمَرُ أَخْرَجَ يَهُودَ خَيْبَرَ وَفَدَكَ، وَلَمْ يُخْرِجْ أَهْلَ تَيْمَاءَ وَوَادِي الْقُرَى، لِأَنَّهُمَا دَاخِلَتَانِ فِي أَرْضِ الشَّامِ، وَيَرَى أَنَّ مَا دُونَ وَادِي الْقُرَى إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ حِجَازٌ، وَمَا وَرَاءَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الشَّامِ. [ قِسْمَةُ عُمَرَ لِوَادِي الْقُرَى بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَحَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَكْنَفٍ، أَخِي بَنِي حَارِثَةَ، قَالَ: لَمَّا أَخْرَجَ عُمَرُ يَهُودَ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ رَكِبَ فِي الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ وَخَرَجَ مَعَهُ جَبَّارُ بْنُ صَخْرِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ خَنْسَاءَ، أَخُو بَنِي سَلَمَةَ،: كَانَ خَارِصَ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَحَاسِبَهُمْ - وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، وَهُمَا قَسَمَا خَيْبَرَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِهَا، عَلَى أَصْلِ جَمَاعَةِ السُّهْمَانِ، الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهَا وَكَانَ مَا قَسَمَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ مِنْ وَادِي الْقُرَى، لِعُثْمَانِ بْنِ عَفَّانَ خَطَرٌ، وَلِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ خَطَرٌ، وَلِعُمَرِ بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ خَطَرٌ، وَلِعَامِرِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ خَطَرٌ، وَلِعَمْرِو بْنِ سُرَاقَةَ خَطَرٌ، وَلِأُشَيْمٍ خَطَرٌ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَيُقَالُ: وَلِأَسْلَمَ وَلِبَنِي جَعْفَرٍ خَطَرٌ، وَلِمُعَيْقِيبٍ خَطَرٌ، وَلِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَرْقَمِ خَطَرٌ، وَلِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَعُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ خَطَرَانِ، وَلِابْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ خَطَرٌ، وَلِابْنِ الْبُكَيْرِ خَطَرٌ، وَلِمُعْتَمِرٍ خَطَرٌ، وَلِزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ خَطَرٌ، وَلِأُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ خَطَرٌ، وَلِمُعَاذِ بْنِ عَفْرَاءَ خَطَرٌ، وَلِأَبِي طَلْحَةَ وَحَسَنٍ خَطَرٌ، وَلِجَبَّارِ بْنِ صَخْرٍ خَطَرٌ، وَلِجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رِئَابٍ خَطَرٌ، وَلِمَالِكِ بْنِ صَعْصَعَةَ وَجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو خَطَرٌ، وَلِابْنِ حُضَيْرٍ خَطَرٌ، وَلِابْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ خَطَرٌ، وَلِسَلَامَةِ بْنِ سَلَامَةَ خَطَرٌ، وَلِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ وَأَبِي شَرِيكٍ خَطَرٌ، وَلِأَبِي عَبْسِ بْنِ جَبْرٍ خَطَرٌ، وَلِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ خَطَرٌ، وَلِعُبَادَةَ بْنِ طَارِقٍ خَطَرٌ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَيُقَالُ: لِقَتَادَةَ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَلِجَبْرِ بْنِ عَتِيكٍ نِصْفُ خَطَرٍ، وَلِابْنَيْ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ نِصْفُ خَطَرٍ، وَلِابْنِ حَزَمَةَ وَالضَّحَّاكِ خَطَرٌ.
Translation
✧ The Messenger of God ﷺ's departure from Khaybar and his heading to Wādī al-Qurā and the peace treaty with the Jews of Taymāʾ. Ibn Isḥāq said: When the Messenger of God ﷺ had finished with Khaybar, he departed to Wādī al-Qurā. Abū Hurayrah said: We arrived there in the evening at sunset. Ibn Isḥāq related it. Al-Balādhurī said: They said: The Messenger of God ﷺ came, on his return from Khaybar, to Wādī al-Qurā and called its people to Islam, but they refused that and fought, so the Messenger of God ﷺ conquered it by force, and God granted him the possessions of its people as spoil. The Muslims obtained from them furnishings and goods. The Messenger of God ﷺ took one-fifth of that, and the land and the palm trees were left in the hands of the Jews, and he made an agreement with them similar to the one he made with the people of Khaybar. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar said: When the Messenger of God ﷺ departed from Khaybar and came to al-Ṣahbāʾ, he took the road through Burmah until he reached Wādī al-Qurā, intending those Jews who were there. Abū Hurayrah ؓ used to relate and say: We went out with the Messenger of God ﷺ from Khaybar to Wādī al-Qurā. Rifāʿah b. Zayd b. Wahb al-Judhāmī had given the Messenger of God ﷺ a black slave called Midʿam—with a kasrah on the mīm, a sukūn on the dāl, and a fatḥah on the unpointed ʿayn—and he used to load the riding camels for the Messenger of God ﷺ. When we alighted at Wādī al-Qurā, we came upon the Jews, and some Arabs had joined them. While Midʿam was unloading the saddle of the Messenger of God ﷺ, the Jews faced us with shooting as we alighted, and we were not in battle formation, while they were shouting from their forts. Then a stray arrow came and struck Midʿam and killed him. The people said: Congratulations to him on Paradise! The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "No, by Him in whose hand is my soul! The cloak that he took on the day of Khaybar from the spoils, before the distribution took place, is burning upon him as fire." When the people heard that, a man came to the Messenger of God ﷺ with a shoelace or two shoelaces, and the Messenger of God ﷺ said: "A shoelace of fire, or two shoelaces of fire." The Messenger of God ﷺ arranged his companions for battle and lined them up. He handed his banner to Saʿd b. ʿUbādah, a standard to al-Ḥubāb b. al-Mundhir, a standard to Sahl b. Ḥunayf—with a ḍammah on the unpointed ḥāʾ, a fatḥah on the nūn, and a sukūn on the yāʾ—and a standard to ʿAbbād—with a shaddah on the bāʾ, and with the unpointed dāl—b. Bishr. Then the Messenger of God ﷺ called them to Islam and informed them that if they embraced Islam they would secure their properties and spare their blood, and their reckoning would be with God—Exalted is He. A man from among them came forth, and al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām came forth against him and killed him. Then another came forth, and al-Zubayr came forth against him and killed him. Then another came forth, and ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib ؓ came forth against him and killed him. Then another came forth, and Abū Dujānah came forth against him and killed him. Then another came forth, and Abū Dujānah came forth against him and killed him. Thus the Messenger of God ﷺ caused eleven men of them to be killed; each time a man was killed, he called those who remained to Islam. Prayer would come due on that day, and the Messenger of God ﷺ would pray with his companions, then return and call them to God and His Messenger. He fought them until evening came, and then he attacked them in the morning, and the sun had not risen high before they surrendered, and the Messenger of God ﷺ conquered it by force. God—Exalted is He—granted him their possessions as spoil, and they obtained much furnishings and goods. The Messenger of God ﷺ stayed at Wādī al-Qurā for four days, and he divided what he had taken among his companions at Wādī al-Qurā. He left the land and the palm trees in the hands of the Jews and made an agreement with them over it. Al-Balādhurī said: The Messenger of God ﷺ appointed ʿAmr b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ over it, and the Messenger of God ﷺ granted Jamrah—with a jīm—b. Hawdhah—with a fatḥah on the hāʾ and the unpointed dhāl—al-ʿUdhrī a throw of his whip from Wādī al-Qurā. When the news of what the Messenger of God ﷺ had done to Khaybar, Fadak, and Wādī al-Qurā reached the Jews of Taymāʾ, they made peace with the Messenger of God ﷺ on payment of the jizyah, and they kept their properties in their hands. When ʿUmar came, he expelled the Jews of Khaybar and Fadak, but he did not expel the people of Taymāʾ and Wādī al-Qurā, because they are within the land of Syria, and he considered that what is before Wādī al-Qurā toward Madinah is Ḥijāz, and what is beyond that is part of Syria. [ʿUmar's division of Wādī al-Qurā among the Muslims] Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Bakr narrated to me, from ʿAbd Allāh b. Maknaf, the brother of Banū Ḥārithah, who said: When ʿUmar expelled the Jews from Khaybar, he rode among the Muhājirūn and the Anṣār, and with him went Jabbār b. Ṣakhr b. Umayyah b. Khansāʾ, the brother of Banū Salamah—he was the assessor of the people of Madinah and their accountant—and Yazīd b. Thābit. These two had divided Khaybar among its people according to the original shares that had been established. Of what ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb divided from Wādī al-Qurā, there was a portion for ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, a portion for ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf, a portion for ʿUmar b. Abī Salamah, a portion for ʿĀmir b. Abī Rabīʿah, a portion for ʿAmr b. Surāqah, and a portion for Ushaym. Ibn Hishām said: It is also said: a portion for Aslam and for Banū Jaʿfar, a portion for Muʿayqīb, a portion for ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Arqam, two portions for ʿAbd Allāh and ʿUbayd Allāh, a portion for the son of ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh, a portion for the son of al-Bukayr, a portion for Muʿtamir, a portion for Zayd b. Thābit, a portion for Ubayy b. Kaʿb, a portion for Muʿādh b. ʿAfrāʾ, a portion for Abū Ṭalḥah and Ḥasan, a portion for Jabbār b. Ṣakhr, a portion for Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Riʾāb, a portion for Mālik b. Ṣaʿṣaʿah and Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAmr, a portion for the son of Ḥuḍayr, a portion for the son of Saʿd b. Muʿādh, a portion for Salāmah b. Salāmah, a portion for ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Thābit and Abū Sharīk, a portion for Abū ʿAbs b. Jabr, a portion for Muḥammad b. Maslamah, and a portion for ʿUbādah b. Ṭāriq. Ibn Hishām said: It is also said: for Qatādah. Ibn Isḥāq said: For Jabr b. ʿAtīk there was half a portion, for the two sons of al-Ḥārith b. Qays half a portion, and for the son of Ḥazamah and al-Ḍaḥḥāk a portion.
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