Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1359
The Expedition of Khaybar
ذِكْرُ قُدُومِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَمَنْ كَانَ بَقِيَ بِالْحَبَشَةِ مِمَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، وَمَنِ انْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ، عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ مُخَيِّمٌ بِخَيْبَرَ رَوَى الشَّيْخَانِ، وَالْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ، وَابْنُ مَنْدَهْ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ ؓ قَالَ: لَمَّا بَلَغْنَا مَخْرَجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَنَحْنُ بِالْيَمَنِ، فَخَرَجْنَا مُهَاجِرِينَ إِلَيْهِ أَنَا وَإِخْوَانٌ لِي، أَنَا أَصْغُرُهُمْ، أَحَدُهُمْ أَبُو رُهْمٍ - بِضَمِّ الرَّاءِ، وَسُكُونِ الْهَاءِ - وَالْآخَرُ أَبُو بُرْدَةَ، إِمَّا قَالَ: فِي بِضْعٍ، وَإِمَّا قَالَ: فِي ثَلَاثَةٍ أَوِ اثْنَيْنِ وَخَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا مِنْ قَوْمِي فَرَكِبْنَا سَفِينَةً - قَالَ ابْنُ مَنْدَهْ: حَتَّى جِئْنَا مَكَّةَ - ثُمَّ خَرَجْنَا فِي بَرٍّ حَتَّى أَتَيْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ - فَأَلْقَتْنَا سَفِينَتُنَا إِلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ بِالْحَبَشَةِ: فَوَافَقْنَا جَعْفَرَ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَأَصْحَابَهُ عِنْدَهُ، فَقَالَ جَعْفَرٌ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَنَا، وَأَمَرَنَا بِالْإِقَامَةِ، فَأَقِيمُوا مَعَنَا، فَأَقَمْنَا مَعَهُ حَتَّى قَدِمْنَا جَمِيعًا فَوَافَقْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ فَتَحَ خَيْبَرَ قَالَ: فَأَسْهَمَ لَنَا، وَمَا قَسَمَ لِأَحَدٍ غَابَ عَنْ فَتْحِ خَيْبَرَ شَيْئًا إِلَّا مَنْ شَهِدَ مَعَهُ، إِلَّا أَصْحَابَ سَفِينَتِنَا مَعَ جَعْفَرٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، قَسَمَ لَهُمْ مَعَنَا، وَذَكَرَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَأَلَ الصَّحَابَةَ أَنْ يُشْرِكُوهُمْ فَفَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ، انْتَهَى. قَالَ: فَكَانَ أُنَاسٌ يَقُولُونَ لَنَا: «يَعْنِي أَصْحَابَ» السَّفِينَةِ: سَبَقْنَاكُمْ بِالْهِجْرَةِ. وَدَخَلَتْ أَسْمَاءُ - بِنْتُ عُمَيْسٍ - بِعَيْنٍ وَسِينٍ مُهْمَلَتَيْنِ، وَبِالتَّصْغِيرِ - وَهِيَ مِمَّنْ قَدِمَ مَعَنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ - عَلَى حَفْصَةَ زَوْجِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ زَائِرَةً، وَقَدْ كَانَتْ هَاجَرَتْ إِلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ فِيمَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِ، فَدَخَلَ عُمَرُ عَلَى حَفْصَةَ، وَأَسْمَاءُ عِنْدَهَا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ حِينَ رَأَى أَسْمَاءَ ؓ مَنْ هَذِهِ ؟ فَقَالَتْ: أَسْمَاءُ بِنْتُ عُمَيْسٍ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: سَبَقْنَاكُمْ بِالْهِجْرَةِ، نَحْنُ أَحَقُّ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: فَغَضِبَتْ وَقَالَتْ: كَلَّا وَاللَّهِ يَا عُمَرُ، كُنْتُمْ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُطْعِمُ جِيَاعَكُمْ، وَيُعَلِّمُ جَاهِلَكُمْ، وَكُنَّا فِي دَارِ، أَوْ أَرْضِ الْبُعَدَاءِ الْبَغْضَاءِ بِالْحَبَشَةِ، وَذَلِكَ فِي اللَّهِ وَفِي رَسُولِهِ، وَأَيْمُ اللَّهِ لَا أَطْعَمُ طَعَامًا، وَلَا أَشْرَبُ شَرَابًا حَتَّى أَذْكُرَ مَا قُلْتَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَسْأَلُهُ، وَاللَّهِ لَا أَكْذِبُ وَلَا أَزِيغُ وَلَا أَزِيدُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَتْ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ!! إِنَّ رِجَالًا يَفْخَرُونَ عَلَيْنَا، وَيَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّا لَسْنَا مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ، فَقَالَ: «مَنْ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ ؟ » قُلْتُ: إِنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ: «مَا قُلْتِ لَهُ ؟ » قَالَتْ: قُلْتُ لَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا، قَالَ: «لَيْسَ بِأَحَقَّ لِي مِنْكُمْ، لَهُ وَلِأَصْحَابِهِ هِجْرَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ، وَلَكُمْ أَنْتُمْ أَهْلَ السَّفِينَةِ - هِجْرَتَانِ» قَالَتْ: فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَبَا مُوسَى وَأَصْحَابَهُ يَأْتُونَنِي أَرْسَالًا يَسْأَلُونَنِي عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، مَا مِنَ الدُّنْيَا شَيْءٌ هُمْ أَفْرَحُ، وَلَا أَعْظَمُ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ مِمَّا قَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَبُو بُرَيْدَةَ: قَالَتْ أَسْمَاءُ: وَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَبَا مُوسَى وَإِنَّهُ لَيَسْتَعِيدُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مِنِّي، وَقَالَ لَكُمُ الْهِجْرَةَ مَرَّتَيْنِ. وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ جَابِرٍ ؓ قَالَ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ، وَقَدِمَ جَعْفَرٌ مِنَ الْحَبَشَةِ، تَلَقَّاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَبَّلَ جَبْهَتَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «وَاللَّهِ مَا أَدْرِي بِأَيِّهِمَا أَفْرَحُ، بِفَتْحِ خَيْبَرَ، أَمْ بِقُدُومِ جَعْفَرٍ». وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ، بِسَنَدٍ فِيهِ مَنْ لَا يُعْرَفُ حَالُهُ - عَنْ جَابِرٍ ؓ قَالَ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ تَلَقَّاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ جَعْفَرٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ «حَجَلَ» قَالَ أَحَدُ رُوَاتِهِ: يَعْنِي مَشَى عَلَى رِجْلٍ وَاحِدَةٍ إِعْظَامًا مِنْهُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَبَّلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ. وَأَمَّا مَا رُوِيَ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ أَنَّ جعفرا لَمَّا نَظَرَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حَجَلَ، يَعْنِي: مَشَى عَلَى رِجْلٍ وَاحِدَةٍ إِعْظَامًا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَجَعَلَهُ أَشْبَاهُ الدِّبَابِ الرَّقَّاصُونَ أَصْلًا لَهُمْ فِي الرَّقْصِ، فَقَالَ البيهقي، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مِنْ طَرِيق الثَّوْرِيِّ عَنْ أبي الزبير عَنْ جابر: وَفِي إِسْنَادِهِ إِلَى الثَّوْرِيِّ مَنْ لَا يُعْرَفُ. قُلْتُ: وَلَوْ صَحَّ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي هَذَا حُجَّةٌ عَلَى جَوَازِ التَّشَبُّهِ بِالدِّبَابِ وَالتَّكَسُّرِ وَالتَّخَنُّثِ فِي الْمَشْيِ الْمُنَافِي لِهَدْيِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؛ فَإِنَّ هَذَا لَعَلَّهُ كَانَ مِنْ عَادَةِ الْحَبَشَةِ تَعْظِيمًا لِكُبَرَائِهَا كَضَرْبِ الْجُوكِ عِنْدَ التُّرْكِ وَنَحْوِ ذَلِكَ، فَجَرَى جعفر عَلَى تِلْكَ الْعَادَةِ وَفَعَلَهَا مَرَّةً ثُمَّ تَرَكَهَا لِسُنَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَأَيْنَ هَذَا مِنَ الْقَفْزِ وَالتَّكَسُّرِ وَالتَّثَنِّي وَالتَّخَنُّثِ ؟! وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the arrival of Jaʿfar b. Abī Ṭālib and those who had remained in Abyssinia among the Muslims who had emigrated there, and those of the people of Yemen who had joined them, to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was encamped at Khaybar. Al-Bukhārī and Muslim, al-Ismāʿīlī, Ibn Saʿd, Ibn Ḥibbān, and Ibn Mandah narrated from Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī ؓ who said: When news of the Prophet's departure reached us while we were in Yemen, we set out as emigrants to him—I and my brothers, of whom I was the youngest. One of them was Abū Ruhm—with a ḍammah on the rāʾ and a sukūn on the hāʾ—and the other was Abū Burdah. He said either: in a few, or: in fifty-three or fifty-two men from my people. We boarded a ship—Ibn Mandah said: until we came to Makkah—then we traveled by land until we reached al-Madīnah. Our ship cast us to the Negus in Abyssinia, and we met Jaʿfar b. Abī Ṭālib and his companions with him. Jaʿfar said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent us and commanded us to stay, so stay with us. We stayed with him until we all arrived, and we met the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when he conquered Khaybar. He said: He allotted shares to us, but he did not give anything from the spoils of Khaybar to anyone who had been absent from its conquest except those who were present with him, with the exception of the people of our ship along with Jaʿfar and his companions; he allotted shares to them along with us. Al-Bayhaqī—may Allah have mercy on him—mentioned that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked the Companions to include them, and they did so. End quote. He said: Some people used to say to us—meaning the people of the ship—: We preceded you in emigration. Asmāʾ bt. ʿUmays—with an ʿayn and an unpointed sīn, and in the diminutive form—who was among those who arrived with us that day, entered upon Ḥafṣah, the wife of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, as a visitor. She had emigrated to the Negus among those who emigrated to him. ʿUmar entered upon Ḥafṣah while Asmāʾ was with her. When ʿUmar saw Asmāʾ ؓ, he said: Who is this? She said: Asmāʾ bt. ʿUmays. ʿUmar said: We preceded you in emigration; we have a greater right to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. She said: She became angry and said: Not at all, by Allah, O ʿUmar! You were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he fed your hungry and taught your ignorant, while we were in the abode—or land—of the distant, hated ones in Abyssinia, and that was for the sake of Allah and His Messenger. By Allah, I will not eat food or drink drink until I mention what you said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and ask him. By Allah, I will not lie, deviate, or add to that. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came, she said: O Prophet of Allah! Men boast over us and claim that we are not among the first emigrants. He said: "Who says that?" She said: ʿUmar said such-and-such. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "What did you say to him?" She said: I said such-and-such. He said: "He is not more entitled to me than you. He and his companions have one emigration, and you—the people of the ship—have two emigrations." She said: I saw Abū Mūsā and his companions coming to me in groups asking me about this ḥadīth. There was nothing in the world that made them happier or greater in their own eyes than what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to them. Abū Buraydah said: Asmāʾ said: I saw Abū Mūsā asking me to repeat this ḥadīth, and he said: You have emigration twice. Al-Bayhaqī narrated from Jābir ؓ who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned from Khaybar, and Jaʿfar arrived from Abyssinia, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ met him and kissed his forehead, then said: "By Allah, I do not know which of the two makes me happier: the conquest of Khaybar or the arrival of Jaʿfar." Al-Bayhaqī narrated with a chain containing someone whose status is unknown, from Jābir ؓ who said: When Jaʿfar b. Abī Ṭālib arrived, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ met him. When Jaʿfar saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he "ḥajala." One of its narrators said: meaning he walked on one leg out of reverence for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ kissed him between his eyes. As for what has been reported in this story that Jaʿfar, when he saw the Prophet ﷺ, ḥajala—meaning he walked on one leg out of reverence for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ—and the dancing bear-like people made it a basis for their dancing, al-Bayhaqī said, narrating it through the path of al-Thawrī from Abū al-Zubayr from Jābir: In its chain to al-Thawrī there is someone unknown. I say: Even if it were authentic, it would not be a proof for the permissibility of imitating bears, mincing, and effeminate walking, which contradict the guidance of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. For this was perhaps one of the customs of Abyssinia in honoring its great ones, like the striking of the jawk among the Turks and the like. Jaʿfar followed that custom and did it once, then abandoned it for the Sunnah of Islam. How far is this from leaping, mincing, swaying, and effeminate behavior?! And success is through Allah.
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