Tarikh (al-Tabari) 134
The story of Abraham the Friend (peace and blessings be upon him)
مَا امْتَحَنَ اللَّهُ بِهِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بَعْدَ ابْتِلَاءِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ بِمَا كَانَ مِنْ نُمْرُودَ، وَذَبْحِ وَلَدِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ رَجَا نَفْعَهُ ابْتَلَاهُ اللَّهُ بِالْكَلِمَاتِ الَّتِي أَخْبَرَ أَنَّهُ ابْتَلَاهُ بِهِنَّ فَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَإِذِ ابْتَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِمَاتٍ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّ. وَاخْتَلَفَ السَّلَفُ مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ الْأَئِمَّةِ فِي هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَاتِ. فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنْهُ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَإِذِ ابْتَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِمَاتٍ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّ: لَمْ يُبْتَلَ أَحَدٌ بِهَذَا الدِّينِ فَأَقَامَهُ إِلَّا إِبْرَاهِيمُ. وَقَالَ اللَّهُ: وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ الَّذِي وَفَّى، قَالَ: وَالْكَلِمَاتُ عَشْرٌ فِي " بَرَاءَةٌ "، وَهِيَ: الْعَابِدُونَ الْحَامِدُونَ الْآيَةَ، وَعَشْرٌ فِي " الْأَحْزَابِ "، وَهِيَ إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمَاتِ الْآيَةَ، وَعَشْرٌ فِي " الْمُؤْمِنِينَ " مِنْ أَوَّلِهَا إِلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلَى صَلَاتِهِمْ يُحَافِظُونَ. وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ: هِيَ عَشْرُ خِصَالٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ طَاوُسٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْهُ: الْكَلِمَاتُ عَشْرٌ، وَهِيَ خَمْسٌ فِي الرَّأْسِ: قَصُّ الشَّارِبِ، وَالْمَضْمَضَةُ، وَالِاسْتِنْشَاقُ، وَالسِّوَاكُ، وَفَرْقُ شَعَرِ الرَّأْسِ، وَخَمْسٌ فِي الْجَسَدِ، وَهِيَ: تَقْلِيمُ الْأَظْفَارِ، وَحَلْقُ الْعَانَةِ، وَالْخِتَانُ، وَنَتْفُ الْإِبِطِ، وَغَسْلُ أَثَرِ الْغَائِطِ. وَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: الْفِطْرَةُ خَمْسٌ؛ الْخِتَانُ، وَالِاسْتِحْدَادُ، وَقَصُّ الشَّارِبِ، وَتَقْلِيمُ الْأَظْفَارِ، وَنَتْفُ الْإِبِطِ. وعَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: عَشْرٌ مِنَ الْفِطْرَةِ؛ قَصُّ الشَّارِبِ، وَإِعْفَاءُ اللِّحْيَةِ، وَالسِّوَاكُ، وَاسْتِنْشَاقُ الْمَاءِ، وَقَصُّ الْأَظْفَارِ، وَغَسْلُ الْبَرَاجِمِ، وَنَتْفُ الْإِبِطِ، وَحَلْقُ الْعَانَةِ، وَانْتِقَاصُ الْمَاءِ يَعْنِي الِاسْتِنْجَاءَ. وَالْمَقْصُودُ أَنَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ كَانَ لَا يَشْغَلُهُ الْقِيَامُ بِالْإِخْلَاصِ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَخُشُوعُ الْعِبَادَةِ الْعَظِيمَةِ عَنْ مُرَاعَاةِ مَصْلَحَةِ بَدَنِهِ، وَإِعْطَاءِ كُلِّ عُضْوٍ مَا يَسْتَحِقُّهُ مِنَ الْإِصْلَاحِ وَالتَّحْسِينِ، وَإِزَالَةِ مَا يَشِينُ مِنْ زِيَادَةِ شَعْرٍ أَوْ ظُفُرٍ، أَوْ وُجُودِ قَلَحٍ أَوْ وَسَخٍ، فَهَذَا مِنْ جُمْلَةِ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى فِي حَقِّهِ مِنَ الْمَدْحِ الْعَظِيمِ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ الَّذِي وَفَّى. وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ: هِيَ مَنَاسِكُ الْحَجِّ. وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: إِنِّي جَاعِلُكَ لِلنَّاسِ إِمَامًا وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ. وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ: هِيَ سِتَّةٌ، وَهِيَ: الْكَوَاكِبُ، وَالْقَمَرُ، وَالشَّمْسُ، وَالنَّارُ، وَالْهِجْرَةُ، وَالْخِتَانُ. وَذَبْحُ ابْنِهِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَ: ابْتَلَاهُ بِذَلِكَ فَعَرَفَ أَنَّ رَبَّهُ دَائِمٌ لَا يَزُولُ فَوَجَّهَ وَجْهَهُ لِلَّذِي فَطَرَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَهَاجَرَ مِنْ وَطَنِهِ، وَأَرَادَ ذَبْحَ ابْنِهِ وَخَتَنَ نَفْسَهُ..
Translation
✧ What Allah tested Abraham ﷺ with After Allah, exalted is He, tested Abraham with what happened from Nimrod, and the sacrifice of his son after he had hoped for his benefit, He tested him with the words which He informed that He tested him with, for He, exalted is He, said: “And when his Lord tested Abraham with words and he fulfilled them.” The early scholars among the leading imams differed about these words. Ibn ʿAbbās, in the narration of ʿIkrimah from him, said regarding the saying of Allah, exalted is He: “And when his Lord tested Abraham with words and he fulfilled them”: No one was tested with this religion and upheld it except Abraham. And Allah said: “And Abraham who fulfilled.” He said: The words are ten in “Barāʾah,” and they are: “the devout, the praising” to the end of the verse, and ten in “al-Aḥzāb,” and they are: “Indeed the Muslim men and Muslim women” to the end of the verse, and ten in “al-Muʾminūn” from its beginning to His saying, exalted is He: “And those who are constant in their prayers.” Others said: They are ten traits. Ibn ʿAbbās, in the narration of Ṭāwūs and others from him, said: The words are ten: five in the head: trimming the mustache, rinsing the mouth, sniffing water into the nose, using the toothstick, and parting the hair of the head; and five in the body: clipping the nails, shaving the pubic hair, circumcision, plucking the armpit hair, and washing the traces of excrement. In the two Ṣaḥīḥs on the authority of Abū Hurayrah, from the Prophet ﷺ, he said: “The fiṭrah is five: circumcision, shaving the pubic hair, trimming the mustache, clipping the nails, and plucking the armpit hair.” And from ʿĀʾishah, she said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Ten are from the fiṭrah: trimming the mustache, letting the beard grow, using the toothstick, sniffing water into the nose, clipping the nails, washing the joints, plucking the armpit hair, shaving the pubic hair, and reducing water,” meaning istinjāʾ. The point is that he, upon him be blessings and peace, was not distracted by his devotion to Allah, mighty and majestic is He, and the humility of his great worship from attending to the welfare of his body, giving every limb what it deserves of improvement and beautification, and removing what disfigures of excess hair or nail, or the presence of tartar or dirt. This is part of His saying, exalted is He, in his praise with great praise: “And Abraham who fulfilled.” Others said: They are the rites of the Hajj. And His saying, exalted is He: “I am making you a leader for the people,” which is the saying of Abū Ṣāliḥ and Mujāhid. Others said: They are six: the stars, the moon, the sun, the fire, the emigration, and circumcision. And the sacrifice of his son, which is the saying of al-Ḥasan, who said: He tested him with that, so he knew that his Lord is everlasting and does not cease, so he turned his face to Him who created the heavens and the earth, emigrated from his homeland, intended to sacrifice his son, and circumcised himself.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.