Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1258
The Expedition of Banu Qurayzah in the Year Five
وَفَاةُ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ ؓ يُرْوَى أَنَّ حِبَّانَ بْنَ الْعَرِقَةِ، لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ، رَمَاهُ بِسَهْمٍ فَأَصَابَ أَكْحَلَهُ، فَحَسَمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَيًّا بِالنَّارِ، فَاسْتَمْسَكَ الْجُرْحُ، وَكَانَ سَعْدٌ قَدْ دَعَا اللَّهَ أَنْ لَا يُمِيتَهُ حَتَّى يُقِرَّ عَيْنَهُ مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ وَذَلِكَ حِينَ نَقَضُوا مَا كَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْعُهُودِ وَالْمَوَاثِيقِ وَالذِّمَامِ، وَمَالُوا عَلَيْهِ مَعَ الْأَحْزَابِ، فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ الْأَحْزَابُ وَانْقَشَعُوا عَنِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَبَاءَتْ بَنُو قُرَيْظَةَ بِسَوَادِ الْوَجْهِ وَالصَّفْقَةِ الْخَاسِرَةِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَسَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيُحَاصِرَهُمْ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ، فَلَمَّا ضَيَّقَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَخَذَهُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ جَانِبٍ أَنَابُوا إِلَى أَنْ يَنْزِلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَيَحْكُمَ فِيهِمْ بِمَا أَرَاهُ اللَّهُ، فَرَدَّ الْحُكْمَ فِيهِمْ إِلَى رَئِيسِ الْأَوْسِ، وَكَانُوا حُلَفَاءَهُمْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَهُوَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، فَرَضُوا بِذَلِكَ، وَيُقَالُ: بَلْ نَزَلُوا ابْتِدَاءً عَلَى حُكْمِ سَعْدٍ؛ لِمَا يَرْجُونَ مِنْ حُنُوِّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَإِحْسَانِهِ وَمَيْلِهِ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا بِأَنَّهُمْ أَبْغَضُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ أَعْدَادِهِمْ مِنَ الْقِرَدَةِ وَالْخَنَازِيرِ؛ لِشِدَّةِ إِيمَانِهِ وَصِدِّيقِيَّتِهِ، ؓ وَأَرْضَاهُ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَانَ فِي خَيْمَةٍ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ النَّبَوِيِّ، فَجِيءَ بِهِ عَلَى حِمَارٍ تَحْتَهُ إِكَافٌ قَدْ وُطِّئَ تَحْتَهُ لِمَرَضِهِ، وَلَمَّا قَارَبَ خَيْمَةَ الرَّسُولِ ﷺ أَمَرَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ مَنْ هُنَاكَ بِالْقِيَامِ لَهُ، قِيلَ: لِيَنْزِلَ مِنْ شِدَّةِ مَرَضِهِ. وَقِيلَ: تَوْقِيرًا لَهُ بِحَضْرَةِ الْمَحْكُومِ عَلَيْهِمْ؛ لِيَكُونَ أَبْلَغَ فِي نُفُوذِ حُكْمِهِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. فَلَمَّا حَكَمَ فِيهِمْ بِالْقَتْلِ وَالسَّبْيِ وَأَقَرَّ اللَّهُ عَيْنَهُ وَشَفَى صَدْرَهُ مِنْهُمْ وَعَادَ إِلَى خَيْمَتِهِ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ النَّبَوِيِّ صُحْبَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، دَعَا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْ تَكُونَ لَهُ شَهَادَةٌ، وَاخْتَارَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مَا عِنْدَهُ، فَانْفَجَرَ جُرْحُهُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ الدَّمُ حَتَّى مَاتَ ؓ. اهتزاز عرش الرحمن لموت سعد بن معاذ قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، فَلَمَّا انْقَضَى شَأْنُ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ انْفَجَرَ بِسَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ جُرْحُهُ، فَمَاتَ مِنْهُ شَهِيدًا، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاذُ بْنُ رِفَاعَةَ الزُّرَقِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مَنْ شِئْتُ مِنْ رِجَالِ قَوْمِي أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ قُبِضَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ مِنْ جَوْفِ اللَّيْلِ، مُعْتَجِرًا بِعِمَامَةٍ مِنْ إِسْتَبْرَقٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، مَنْ هَذَا الْمَيِّتُ الَّذِي فُتِحَتْ لَهُ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ وَاهْتَزَّ لَهُ الْعَرْشُ ؟ قَالَ: فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَرِيعًا يَجُرُّ ثَوْبَهُ إِلَى سَعْدٍ فَوَجَدَهُ قَدْ مَاتَ ؓ. وَعَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: جَاءَ جِبْرِيلُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: مَنْ هَذَا الْعَبْدُ الصَّالِحُ الَّذِي مَاتَ فَفُتِحَتْ لَهُ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ وَتَحَرَّكَ لَهُ الْعَرْشُ ؟ قَالَ: فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَإِذَا سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ قَالَ: فَجَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ وَهُوَ يُدْفَنُ، فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ إِذْ قَالَ: " سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ " مَرَّتَيْنِ. فَسَبَّحَ الْقَوْمُ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: " اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ " فَكَبَّرَ الْقَوْمُ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " عَجِبْتُ لِهَذَا الْعَبْدِ الصَّالِحِ، شُدِّدَ عَلَيْهِ فِي قَبْرِهِ حَتَّى كَانَ هَذَا حِينَ فُرِّجَ لَهُ. وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لِسَعْدٍ يَوْمَ مَاتَ وَهُوَ يُدْفَنُ: " سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ لِهَذَا الْعَبْدِ الصَّالِحِ الَّذِي تَحَرَّكَ لَهُ عَرْشُ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَفُتِحَتْ لَهُ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ، شُدِّدَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ فَرَّجَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وًعَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: لَمَّا دُفِنَ سَعْدٌ وَنَحْنُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، سَبَّحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَسَبَّحَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ فَكَبَّرَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مِمَّ سَبَّحْتَ ؟ قَالَ: " لَقَدْ تَضَايَقَ عَلَى هَذَا الْعَبْدِ الصَّالِحِ قَبْرُهُ حَتَّى فَرَّجَهُ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَمَجَازُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَوْلُ عَائِشَةَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِنَّ لِلْقَبْرِ ضَمَّةً، لَوْ كَانَ أَحَدٌ مِنْهَا نَاجِيًا لَكَانَ سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ. وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: إِنَّ لِلْقَبْرِ ضَغْطَةً وَلَوْ كَانَ أَحَدٌ نَاجِيًا مِنْهَا لَنَجَا سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ. نزول سبعون ألف ملك يشهدوا جنازة سعد بن معاذ وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لَقَدْ هَبَطَ يَوْمَ مَاتَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ لَمْ يَهْبِطُوا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ وَلَقَدْ ضَمَّهُ الْقَبْرُ ضَمَّةً قَالَ: ثُمَّ بَكَى نَافِعٌ. وَعَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لَقَدْ نَزَلَ لِمَوْتِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ مَا وَطِئُوا الْأَرْضَ قَبْلَهَا وَقَالَ حِينَ دُفِنَ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ لَوِ انْفَلَتَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ ضَغْطَةِ الْقَبْرِ لَانْفَلَتَ مِنْهَا سَعْدٌ. وَعَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: اهْتَزَّ الْعَرْشُ لِحُبِّ لِقَاءِ اللَّهِ سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ. قَالَ: فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي السَّرِيرَ. وَرَفَعَ أَبَوَيْهِ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ ( يُوسُفَ: 1 ) قَالَ: تَفَسَّخَتْ أَعْوَادُهُ. قَالَ: وَدَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَبْرَهُ فَاحْتُبِسَ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ قِيلَ لَهُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَا حَبَسَكَ ؟ قَالَ: " ضُمَّ سَعْدٌ فِي الْقَبْرِ ضَمَّةً، فَدَعَوْتُ اللَّهَ فَكَشَفَ عَنْهُ. قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: " اهْتَزَّ الْعَرْشُ لِمَوْتِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ وَعَنِ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ لِجَابِرٍ: فَإِنَّ الْبَرَاءَ بْنَ عَازِبٍ يَقُولُ: اهْتَزَّ السَّرِيرُ. فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ كَانَ بَيْنَ هَذَيْنِ الْحَيَّيْنِ ضَغَائِنُ، سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: اهْتَزَّ عَرْشُ الرَّحْمَنِ لِمَوْتِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ. وَعَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ وَجِنَازَةُ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ: اهْتَزَّ لَهَا عَرْشُ الرَّحْمَنِ. وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ قَالَ: اهْتَزَّ عَرْشُ الرَّحْمَنِ فَرَحًا بِرُوحِهِ. وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا حُمِلَتْ جِنَازَةُ سَعْدٍ قَالَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ: مَا أَخَفَّ جِنَازَتَهُ. وَذَلِكَ لِحُكْمِهِ فِي بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، فَسُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: لَا، وَلَكِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ كَانَتْ تَحْمِلُهُ. لمناديل سعد في الجنة أفضل أو خير منها وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ الْبَرَاءَ بْنَ عَازِبٍ يَقُولُ: أُهْدِيَتْ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ حُلَّةُ حَرِيرٍ، فَجَعَلَ أَصْحَابُهُ يَمَسُّونَهَا، وَيَعْجَبُونَ مِنْ لِينِهَا، فَقَالَ: " أَتَعْجَبُونَ مِنْ لِينِ هَذِهِ، لَمَنَادِيلُ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ خَيْرٌ مِنْهَا أَوْ أَلْيَنُ " ثُمَّ قَالَ: رَوَاهُ قَتَادَةُ وَالزُّهْرِيُّ، سَمِعْنَا أَنَسًا، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ: عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ أُكَيْدِرَ دَوْمَةَ أَهْدَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ جُبَّةً، وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُنْهَى عَنِ الْحَرِيرِ فَلَبِسَهَا، فَعَجِبَ النَّاسُ مِنْهَا، فَقَالَ: وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لَمَنَادِيلُ سَعْدٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ أَحْسَنُ مِنْ هَذِهِ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ وَكَانَ وَاقِدٌ مِنْ أَحْسَنِ النَّاسِ وَأَعْظَمِهِمْ وَأَطْوَلِهِمْ - قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ فَقَالَ لِي: مَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ قُلْتُ: أَنَا وَاقِدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ. فَقَالَ: إِنَّكَ بِسَعْدٍ لَشَبِيهٌ. ثُمَّ بَكَى وَأَكْثَرَ الْبُكَاءَ، وَقَالَ: رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى سَعْدٍ، كَانَ مِنْ أَعْظَمِ النَّاسِ وَأَطْوَلِهِمْ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَيْشًا إِلَى أُكَيْدِرِ دَوْمَةَ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِجُبَّةٍ مِنْ دِيبَاجٍ، مَنْسُوجٍ فِيهَا الذَّهَبُ، فَلَبِسَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَامَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ أَوْ جَلَسَ فَلَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فَجَعَلَ النَّاسُ يَلْمَسُونَ الْجُبَّةَ، وَيَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْهَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " أَتَعْجَبُونَ مِنْهَا، لَمَنَادِيلُ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ أَحْسَنُ مِمَّا تَرَوْنَ ". قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ،: بَعْدَ ذِكْرِ اهْتِزَازِ الْعَرْشِ لِمَوْتِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ وَفِي ذَلِكَ يَقُولُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ: وَمَا اهْتَزَّ عَرْشُ اللَّهِ مِنْ مَوْتِ هَالِكٍ سَمِعْنَا بِهِ إِلَّا لِسَعْدٍ أَبِي عَمْرٍو كل البواكي يكذبن إلا أم سعد قَالَ: وَقَالَتْ أُمُّهُ - يَعْنِي كُبَيْشَةَ بِنْتَ رَافِعِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ الْخُدْرِيَّةَ الْخَزْرَجِيَّةَ - حِينَ احْتُمِلَ سَعْدٌ عَلَى نَعْشِهِ تَنْدُبُهُ: وَيْلُ امِّ سَعْدٍ سَعْدَا صَرَامَةً وَحَدَّا وَسُؤْدُدًا وَمَجْدَا وَفَارِسًا مُعَدَّا سُدَّ بِهِ مَسَدَّا يَقُدُّ هَامًا قَدَّا قَالَ: يَقُولُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: كُلُّ نَائِحَةٍ تَكْذِبُ إِلَّا نَائِحَةَ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ. وقت وفاة سعد بن معاذ قُلْتُ: كَانَتْ وَفَاتُهُ بَعْدَ انْصِرَافِ الْأَحْزَابِ بِنَحْوٍ مِنْ خَمْسٍ وَعِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً، وَكَانَ قُدُومُ الْأَحْزَابِ فِي شَوَّالٍ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ، فَأَقَامُوا قَرِيبًا مِنْ شَهْرٍ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِحِصَارِ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ فَأَقَامَ عَلَيْهِمْ خَمْسًا وَعِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً، ثُمَّ نَزَلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِ سَعْدٍ، فَمَاتَ بَعْدَ حُكْمِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ بِقَلِيلٍ، فَيَكُونُ ذَلِكَ فِي أَوَاخِرِ ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ أَوْ أَوَائِلِ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ مِنْ سَنَةِ خَمْسٍ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ وَهَكَذَا قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: إِنَّ فَتْحَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ كَانَ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ وَصَدْرِ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ. قَالَ: وَوَلِيَ تِلْكَ الْحِجَّةَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ. حَسَّانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ يَرْثِي سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَقَالَ حَسَّانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ يَرْثِي سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ ؓ: لَقَدْ سَجَمَتْ مِنْ دَمْعِ عَيْنِيَ عَبْرَةٌ وَحُقَّ لِعَيْنِي أَنْ تَفِيضَ عَلَى سَعْدٍ قَتِيلٌ ثَوَى فِي مَعْرَكٍ فُجِعَتْ بِهِ عُيُونٌ ذَوَارِي الدَّمْعِ دَائِمَةُ الْوَجْدِ عَلَى مِلَّةِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَارِثِ جَنَّةٍ مَعَ الشُّهَدَاءِ وَفْدُهَا أَكْرَمُ الْوَفْدِ فَإِنْ تَكُ قَدْ وَدَّعْتَنَا وَتَرَكْتَنَا وَأَمْسَيْتَ فِي غَبْرَاءَ مُظْلِمَةِ اللَّحْدِ فَأَنْتَ الَّذِي يَا سَعْدُ أُبْتَ بِمَشْهَدٍ كَرِيمٍ وَأَثْوَابِ الْمَكَارِمِ وَالْحَمْدِ بِحُكْمِكَ فِي حَيَّيْ قُرَيْظَةَ بِالَّذِي قَضَى اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ مَا قَضَيْتَ عَلَى عَمْدِ فَوَافَقَ حُكْمَ اللَّهِ حُكْمُكَ فِيهِمُ وَلَمْ تَعْفُ إِذْ ذُكِّرْتَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ عَهْدِ فَإِنْ كَانَ رَيْبُ الدَّهْرِ أَمْضَاكَ فِي الْأُلَى شَرَوْا هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا بِجَنَّاتِهَا الْخُلْدِ فَنِعْمَ مَصِيرُ الصَّادِقِينَ إِذَا دُعُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ يَوْمًا لِلْوَجَاهَةِ وَالْقَصْدِ
Translation
✧ The Death of Saʿd b. Muʿādh ؓ It is related that Ḥibbān b. al-ʿAriqah, may Allah curse him, shot him with an arrow that struck his median cubital vein, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ cauterized it with fire, and the wound closed. Saʿd had prayed to Allah not to let him die until his eye was cooled regarding Banū Qurayẓah, that is, when they broke the covenants, treaties, and pacts that were between them and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and sided with the confederates against him. When the confederates departed and withdrew from Madinah, and Banū Qurayẓah came back with blackened faces and a losing bargain in this world and the next, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ marched against them to besiege them, as previously mentioned. When he pressed them hard and took them from every side, they turned to submitting to the judgment of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ so that he might judge among them according to what Allah showed him. He referred the judgment concerning them to the chief of the Aws, for they had been their allies in the pre-Islamic era, and that was Saʿd b. Muʿādh. They accepted that. It is also said: rather, they initially submitted to the judgment of Saʿd, hoping for his compassion toward them, his kindness, and his inclination to them. They did not know that they were more hateful to him than their equal numbers of apes and swine, because of the strength of his faith and his truthfulness, ؓ ؓ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent for him while he was in a tent in the Prophet's Mosque. He was brought on a donkey with a packsaddle that had been padded beneath him because of his illness. When he drew near the tent of the Messenger ﷺ, he ﷺ ordered those present to stand for him. It is said: so that he could dismount because of the severity of his illness. And it is said: out of respect for him in the presence of those being judged, so that his judgment would be more effective. Allah knows best. When he judged that they be killed and taken captive, and Allah cooled his eye and healed his heart concerning them, and he returned to his tent from the Prophet's Mosque in the company of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he prayed to Allah, Mighty and Majestic, that he be granted martyrdom, and Allah chose for him what is with Him. His wound burst open during the night, and blood kept flowing from it until he died ؓ. The shaking of the Throne of the Most Merciful at the death of Saʿd b. Muʿādh Ibn Isḥāq said: When the affair of Banū Qurayẓah was concluded, Saʿd b. Muʿādh's wound burst open and he died of it as a martyr. Muʿādh b. Rifāʿah al-Zuraqī related to me, saying: One of the men of my people whom I choose related to me that Jibrīl came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when Saʿd b. Muʿādh passed away, in the depths of the night, wearing a turban of brocade, and said: "O Muḥammad, who is this dead man for whom the gates of heaven were opened and the Throne shook?" He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ rose quickly, dragging his garment, and went to Saʿd, and found that he had died ؓ. From Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh, who said: Jibrīl came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: "Who is this righteous servant who has died, for whom the gates of heaven were opened and the Throne moved?" He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out and there was Saʿd b. Muʿādh. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sat at his grave while he was being buried, and while he was sitting, he said: "Subḥān Allāh," twice. The people glorified Allah. Then he said: "Allāhu akbar, Allāhu akbar," and the people said takbīr. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I marvel at this righteous servant. He was pressed hard in his grave until this was the moment when relief came to him." From Jābir, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said about Saʿd on the day he died, while he was being buried: "Glory be to Allah for this righteous servant, for whom the Throne of the Most Merciful moved, and the gates of heaven were opened. He was pressed hard, then Allah relieved him." Muḥammad b. Isḥāq said: From Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh, who said: When Saʿd was buried, and we were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ glorified Allah, and the people glorified with him. Then he said takbīr, and the people said takbīr with him. They said: "O Messenger of Allah, why did you glorify?" He said: "The grave pressed hard on this righteous servant until Allah relieved him." Ibn Hishām said: The gist of this ḥadīth is the saying of ʿĀʾishah: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The grave has a squeeze. If anyone were to be saved from it, it would be Saʿd b. Muʿādh." From ʿĀʾishah, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said: "The grave has a pressure. If anyone were to escape it, Saʿd b. Muʿādh would have escaped." The descent of seventy thousand angels to witness the funeral of Saʿd b. Muʿādh From Ibn ʿUmar, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "On the day Saʿd b. Muʿādh died, seventy thousand angels descended to the earth who had never descended before, and the grave squeezed him with a squeeze." He said: Then Nāfiʿ wept. From Nāfiʿ, from Ibn ʿUmar, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "For the death of Saʿd b. Muʿādh, seventy thousand angels descended who had never trodden the earth before." And he said when he was buried: "Glory be to Allah. If anyone were to be released from the pressure of the grave, Saʿd would have been released from it." From Mujāhid, from Ibn ʿUmar, who said: "The Throne shook out of love for Allah's meeting with Saʿd b. Muʿādh." He said: He said: "It means the bier." And he raised his parents upon the throne (Yūsuf: 1). He said: "Its planks creaked." He said: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered his grave and was delayed. When he came out, it was said to him: 'O Messenger of Allah, what delayed you?' He said: 'Saʿd was squeezed in the grave with a squeeze, so I prayed to Allah and He relieved him.'" Al-Bukhārī said: From Jābir, who said: I heard the Prophet ﷺ say: "The Throne shook at the death of Saʿd b. Muʿādh." And from Jābir, from the Prophet ﷺ, the like of it. A man said to Jābir: "Al-Barāʾ b. ʿĀzib says: The bier shook." He said: "There were grudges between these two clans. I heard the Prophet ﷺ say: The Throne of the Most Merciful shook at the death of Saʿd b. Muʿādh." From Ibn Jurayj: Abū al-Zubayr informed me that he heard Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh say: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, while the funeral bier of Saʿd b. Muʿādh was before them: "The Throne of the Most Merciful shook for it." From al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī, who said: "The Throne of the Most Merciful shook in joy at his soul." From Anas, who said: When the funeral bier of Saʿd was carried, the hypocrites said: "How light his bier is!" That was because of his judgment concerning Banū Qurayẓah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked, and he said: "No, but the angels were carrying him." The handkerchiefs of Saʿd in Paradise are better or finer than it Al-Bukhārī said: I heard al-Barāʾ b. ʿĀzib say: A silk robe was gifted to the Prophet ﷺ, and his companions began touching it and marveling at its softness. He said: "Do you marvel at the softness of this? The handkerchiefs of Saʿd b. Muʿādh are better than it, or softer." Then he said: It was narrated by Qatādah and al-Zuhrī: We heard Anas, from the Prophet ﷺ. Aḥmad said: From Anas b. Mālik, that Ukaydir of Dūmah gifted the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a jubbah, and that was before silk was forbidden, so he wore it. The people marveled at it, and he said: "By the One in whose hand is my soul, the handkerchiefs of Saʿd in Paradise are finer than this." Muḥammad said: Wāqid was among the finest, greatest, and tallest of people. He said: I entered upon Anas b. Mālik, and he said to me: "Who are you?" I said: "I am Wāqid b. ʿAmr b. Saʿd b. Muʿādh." He said: "You resemble Saʿd." Then he wept and wept much, and said: "May Allah have mercy on Saʿd. He was among the greatest and tallest of people." Then he said: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent an army to Ukaydir of Dūmah, and he sent the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a jubbah of silk brocade woven with gold. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ wore it, stood on the minbar or sat, and did not speak. Then he descended, and the people began touching the jubbah and looking at it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Do you marvel at it? The handkerchiefs of Saʿd b. Muʿādh in Paradise are finer than what you see.'" Ibn Isḥāq said, after mentioning the shaking of the Throne at the death of Saʿd b. Muʿādh: Concerning that, a man from the Anṣār said: And the Throne of Allah did not shake at the death of any perishing one we have heard of, except for Saʿd Abū ʿAmr All the wailing women lie except the mother of Saʿd He said: His mother—meaning Kubayshah bt. Rāfiʿ b. Muʿāwiyah b. ʿUbayd b. Thaʿlabah al-Khudriyyah al-Khazrajiyyah—said, when Saʿd was carried on his bier, lamenting him: Woe to the mother of Saʿd, Saʿdā, for his resoluteness and sharpness And for his lordship and glory, and for a fully equipped horseman By him a gap was filled, he slices skulls with a clean cut He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Every wailing woman lies except the wailing woman of Saʿd b. Muʿādh." The time of the death of Saʿd b. Muʿādh I say: His death was about twenty-five nights after the departure of the confederates. The arrival of the confederates was in Shawwāl of the year five, as previously mentioned. They stayed for nearly a month. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out to besiege Banū Qurayẓah and stayed against them for twenty-five nights. Then they submitted to the judgment of Saʿd, and he died shortly after his judgment upon them. So that would be in the last days of Dhū al-Qaʿdah or the first days of Dhū al-Ḥijjah of the year five. Allah knows best. Likewise, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq said: The conquest of Banū Qurayẓah was in Dhū al-Qaʿdah and the beginning of Dhū al-Ḥijjah. He said: The polytheists presided over that pilgrimage. Ḥassān b. Thābit elegizes Saʿd b. Muʿādh Ibn Isḥāq said: Ḥassān b. Thābit said, elegizing Saʿd b. Muʿādh ؓ: My eye has shed a flood of tears, and it is right for my eye to overflow for Saʿd A slain one who lay in a battle, by whom eyes were bereaved, ever-weeping, constant in grief Upon the religion of the Most Merciful, an heir of Paradise, with the martyrs, whose delegation is the noblest delegation If you have bidden us farewell and left us, and have come to rest in dark, gloomy earth of the grave Then you are the one, O Saʿd, who returned with a noble witness and the garments of virtues and praise By your judgment concerning the two clans of Qurayẓah, with what Allah decreed for them, as you judged deliberately Your judgment among them agreed with Allah's judgment, and you did not pardon when you were reminded of the covenant If the vicissitudes of time have taken you among those who sold this world for its gardens of eternity Then excellent is the outcome of the truthful when they are called one day to Allah for honor and uprightness
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