Tarikh (al-Tabari) 125
The story of Abraham the Friend (peace and blessings be upon him)
مَوْلِدِ إِسْحَاقَ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ فَلَمَّا وُلِدَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ حَزِنَتْ سَارَةُ حُزْنًا شَدِيدًا، فَوَهَبَهَا اللَّهُ إِسْحَاقَ ، وَعُمُرُهَا سَبْعُونَ سَنَةً فَعُمُرُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مِائَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ سَنَةً قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَبَشَّرْنَاهُ بِإِسْحَاقَ نَبِيًّا مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ وَبَارَكْنَا عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى إِسْحَاقَ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِمَا مُحْسِنٌ وَظَالِمٌ لِنَفْسِهِ مُبِينٌ [ الصَّافَّاتِ: 112 ]. وَقَدْ كَانَتِ الْبِشَارَةُ بِهِ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ وَسَارَةَ لَمَّا مَرُّوا بِهِمْ مُجْتَازِينَ ذَاهِبِينَ إِلَى مَدَائِنِ قَوْمِ لُوطٍ لِيُدَمِّرُوا عَلَيْهِمْ لِكُفْرِهِمْ وَفُجُورِهِمْ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَلَقَدْ جَاءَتْ رُسُلُنَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ بِالْبُشْرَى قَالُوا سَلَامًا قَالَ سَلَامٌ فَمَا لَبِثَ أَنْ جَاءَ بِعِجْلٍ حَنِيذٍ فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَيْدِيَهُمْ لَا تَصِلُ إِلَيْهِ نَكِرَهُمْ وَأَوْجَسَ مِنْهُمْ خِيفَةً قَالُوا لَا تَخَفْ إِنَّا أُرْسِلْنَا إِلَى قَوْمِ لُوطٍ وَامْرَأَتُهُ قَائِمَةٌ فَضَحِكَتْ فَبَشَّرْنَاهَا بِإِسْحَاقَ وَمِنْ وَرَاءِ إِسْحَاقَ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَتْ يَاوَيْلَتَى أَأَلِدُ وَأَنَا عَجُوزٌ وَهَذَا بَعْلِي شَيْخًا إِنَّ هَذَا لَشَيْءٌ عَجِيبٌ قَالُوا أَتَعْجَبِينَ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ إِنَّهُ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ [ هُودٍ: 69 - 73 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَنَبِّئْهُمْ عَنْ ضَيْفِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِذْ دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالُوا سَلَامًا قَالَ إِنَّا مِنْكُمْ وَجِلُونَ قَالُوا لَا تَوْجَلْ إِنَّا نُبَشِّرُكَ بِغُلَامٍ عَلِيمٍ قَالَ أَبَشَّرْتُمُونِي عَلَى أَنْ مَسَّنِيَ الْكِبَرُ فَبِمَ تُبَشِّرُونَي قَالُوا بَشَّرْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ فَلَا تَكُنْ مِنَ الْقَانِطِينَ قَالَ وَمَنْ يَقْنَطُ مِنْ رَحْمَةِ رَبِّهِ إِلَّا الضَّالُّونَ [ الْحِجْرِ: 51 - 56 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ ضَيْفِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُكْرَمِينَ إِذْ دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالُوا سَلَامًا قَالَ سَلَامٌ قَوْمٌ مُنْكَرُونَ فَرَاغَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ فَجَاءَ بِعِجْلٍ سَمِينٍ فَقَرَّبَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ قَالَ أَلَا تَأْكُلُونَ فَأَوْجَسَ مِنْهُمْ خِيفَةً قَالُوا لَا تَخَفْ وَبَشَّرُوهُ بِغُلَامٍ عَلِيمٍ فَأَقْبَلَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ فِي صَرَّةٍ فَصَكَّتْ وَجْهَهَا وَقَالَتْ عَجُوزٌ عَقِيمٌ قَالُوا كَذَلِكَ قَالَ رَبُّكِ إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْحَكِيمُ الْعَلِيمُ [ الذَّارِيَاتِ: 24 - 30 ]. يَذْكُرُ تَعَالَى أَنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ قَالُوا وَكَانُوا ثَلَاثَةً؛ جِبْرِيلَ، وَمِيكَائِيلَ، وَإِسْرَافِيلَ، لَمَّا وَرَدُوا عَلَى الْخَلِيلِ حَسِبَهُمْ أَوَّلًا أَضْيَافًا فَعَامَلَهُمْ مُعَامَلَةَ الضُّيُوفِ شَوَى لَهُمْ عِجْلًا سَمِينًا مِنْ خِيَارِ بَقَرِهِ، فَلَمَّا قَرَّبَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ وَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَمْ يَرَ لَهُمْ هِمَّةً إِلَى الْأَكْلِ بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ، وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ لَيْسَ فِيهِمْ قُوَّةُ الْحَاجَةِ إِلَى الطَّعَامِ فَنَكِرَهُمْ إِبْرَاهِيمُ: وَأَوْجَسَ مِنْهُمْ خِيفَةً قَالُوا لَا تَخَفْ إِنَّا أُرْسِلْنَا إِلَى قَوْمِ لُوطٍ. أَيْ لِنُدَمِّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَاسْتَبْشَرَتْ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ سَارَةُ غَضَبًا لِلَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَانَتْ قَائِمَةً عَلَى رُءُوسِ الْأَضْيَافِ، كَمَا جَرَتْ بِهِ عَادَةُ النَّاسِ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا ضَحِكَتِ اسْتِبْشَارًا بِذَلِكَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: فَبَشَّرْنَاهَا بِإِسْحَاقَ وَمِنْ وَرَاءِ إِسْحَاقَ يَعْقُوبَ. أَيْ بَشَّرَتْهَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ بِذَلِكَ فَأَقْبَلَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ فِي صَرَّةٍ. أَيْ فِي صَرْخَةٍ فَصَكَّتْ وَجْهَهَا أَيْ كَمَا يَفْعَلُ النِّسَاءُ عِنْدَ التَّعَجُّبِ، وَقَالَتْ: يَا وَيْلَتَا أَأَلِدُ وَأَنَا عَجُوزٌ وَهَذَا بَعْلِي شَيْخًا. أَيْ كَيْفَ يَلِدُ مِثْلِي وَأَنَا كَبِيرَةٌ وَعَقِيمٌ أَيْضًا وَهَذَا بَعْلِي أَيْ زَوْجِي شَيْخًا، تَعَجَّبَتْ مِنْ وُجُودِ وَلَدٍ وَالْحَالَةُ هَذِهِ؛ وَلِهَذَا قَالَتْ: إِنَّ هَذَا لَشَيْءٌ عَجِيبٌ قَالُوا أَتَعْجَبِينَ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ إِنَّهُ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ. وَكَذَلِكَ تَعَجَّبَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ اسْتِبْشَارًا بِهَذِهِ الْبِشَارَةِ وَتَثْبِيتًا لَهَا وَفَرَحًا بِهَا قَالَ أَبَشَّرْتُمُونِي عَلَى أَنْ مَسَّنِيَ الْكِبَرُ فَبِمَ تُبَشِّرُونَ قَالُوا بَشَّرْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ فَلَا تَكُنْ مِنَ الْقَانِطِينَ. أَكَّدُوا الْخَبَرَ بِهَذِهِ الْبِشَارَةِ، وَقَرَّرُوهُ مَعَهُ فَبَشَّرُوهُمَا بِغُلَامٍ عَلِيمٍ وَهُوَ إِسْحَاقُ وَأَخُوهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ غُلَامٌ حَلِيمٌ مُنَاسِبٌ لِمَقَامِهِ وَصَبْرِهِ. وَهَكَذَا وَصَفَهُ رَبُّهُ بِصِدْقِ الْوَعْدِ وَالصَّبْرِ. وَقَالَ فِي الْآيَةِ الْأُخْرَى: فَبَشَّرْنَاهَا بِإِسْحَاقَ وَمِنْ وَرَاءِ إِسْحَاقَ يَعْقُوبَ. وَهَذَا مِمَّا اسْتَدَلَّ بِهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ عَلَى أَنَّ الذَّبِيحَ هُوَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ ، وَأَنَّ إِسْحَاقَ لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُؤْمَرَ بِذَبْحِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ وَقَعَتِ الْبِشَارَةُ بِوُجُودِهِ وَوُجُودِ وَلَدِهِ يَعْقُوبَ الْمُشْتَقِّ مِنَ الْعَقِبِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ. وَعِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ أَنَّهُ أَحْضَرَ مَعَ الْعِجْلِ الْحَنِيذِ وَهُوَ الْمَشْوِيُّ رَغِيفًا مِنْ مَلَّةٍ فِيهِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَكْيَالٍ وَسَمْنٌ وَلَبَنٌ، وَعِنْدَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ أَكَلُوا، وَهَذَا غَلَطٌ مَحْضٌ. وَقِيلَ: كَانُوا يُورُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يَأْكُلُونَ، وَالطَّعَامُ يَتَلَاشَى فِي الْهَوَاءِ، وَعِنْدَهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَالَ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ: أَمَّا سَارَةُ امْرَأَتُكَ فَلَا يُدْعَى اسْمُهَا سَارَا، وَلَكِنِ اسْمُهَا سَارَةُ، وَأُبَارِكُ عَلَيْهَا، وَأُعْطِيكَ مِنْهَا ابْنًا وَأُبَارِكُهُ، وَيَكُونُ لِلشُّعُوبِ، وَمُلُوكُ الشُّعُوبِ مِنْهُ. فَخَرَّ إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ يَعْنِي سَاجِدًا وَضَحِكَ قَائِلًا فِي نَفْسِهِ: أَبَعْدَ مِائَةِ سَنَةٍ يُولَدُ لِي غُلَامٌ، أَوْ سَارَةُ تَلِدُ وَقَدْ أَتَتْ عَلَيْهَا تِسْعُونَ سَنَةً ؟ وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى: لَيْتَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ يَعِيشُ قُدَّامَكَ ! فَقَالَ اللَّهُ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ: بِحَقِّي إِنَّ امْرَأَتَكَ سَارَةَ تَلِدُ لَكَ غُلَامًا وَتَدْعُو اسْمَهُ إِسْحَاقَ إِلَى مِثْلِ هَذَا الْحِينِ مِنْ قَابَلٍ، وَأُوَاثِقُهُ مِيثَاقِي إِلَى الدَّهْرِ، وَلِخَلَفِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ، وَقَدِ اسْتَجَبْتُ لَكَ فِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَبَارَكْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَكَبَّرْتُهُ وَنَمَّيْتُهُ جَدًّا كَبِيرًا، وَيُولَدُ لَهُ اثْنَا عَشَرَ عَظِيمًا، وَأَجْعَلُهُ رَئِيسًا لِشَعْبٍ عَظِيمٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. فَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فَبَشَّرْنَاهَا بِإِسْحَاقَ وَمِنْ وَرَاءِ إِسْحَاقَ يَعْقُوبَ. دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّهَا تَسْتَمْتِعُ بِوُجُودِ وَلَدِهَا إِسْحَاقَ، ثُمَّ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ يُولَدُ وَلَدُهُ يَعْقُوبُ أَيْ يُولَدُ فِي حَيَاتِهِمَا لِتَقَرَّ أَعْيُنُهُمَا بِهِ. كَمَا قَرَّتْ بِوَالِدِهِ. وَلَوْ لَمْ يُرِدْ هَذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِذِكْرِ يَعْقُوبَ وَتَخْصِيصِ التَّنْصِيصِ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ دُونِ سَائِرِ نَسْلِ إِسْحَاقَ فَائِدَةٌ، وَلَمَّا عُيِّنَ بِالذِّكْرِ دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ يَتَمَتَّعَانِ بِهِ وَيُسَرَّانِ بِمَوْلِدِهِ، كَمَا سُرَّا بِمَوْلِدِ أَبِيهِ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ كُلًّا هَدَيْنَا [ الْأَنْعَامِ: 84 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: فَلَمَّا اعْتَزَلَهُمْ وَمَا يَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ [ مَرْيَمَ: 49 ]. وَهَذَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ظَاهِرٌ قَوِيٌّ، وَيُؤَيِّدُهُ مَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ أَبِي ذَرٍّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَيُّ مَسْجِدٍ وُضِعَ أَوَّلَ ؟ قَالَ: الْمَسْجِدُ الْحَرَامُ. قُلْتُ: ثُمَّ أَيُّ ؟ قَالَ: الْمَسْجِدُ الْأَقْصَى. قُلْتُ: كَمْ بَيْنَهُمَا ؟ قَالَ: أَرْبَعُونَ سَنَةً. قُلْتُ: ثُمَّ أَيُّ ؟ قَالَ: ثُمَّ حَيْثُ أَدْرَكْتَ الصَّلَاةَ فَصَلِّ فَكُلُّهَا مَسْجِدٌ. وَعِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ أَنَّ يَعْقُوبَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ هُوَ الَّذِي أَسَّسَ الْمَسْجِدَ الْأَقْصَى، وَهُوَ مَسْجِدُ إِيلِيَا، وَهُوَ مَسْجِدُ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ شَرَّفَهُ اللَّهُ. وَهَذَا مُتَّجِهٌ، وَيَشْهَدُ لَهُ مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ. فَعَلَى هَذَا يَكُونُ بِنَاءُ يَعْقُوبَ، وَهُوَ إِسْرَائِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بَعْدَ بِنَاءِ الْخَلِيلِ وَابْنِهِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ بِأَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً سَوَاءً، وَقَدْ كَانَ بِنَاؤُهُمَا ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ وُجُودِ إِسْحَاقَ؛ لِأَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ لَمَّا دَعَا قَالَ فِي دُعَائِهِ كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَذَا الْبَلَدَ آمِنًا وَاجْنُبْنِي وَبَنِيَّ أَنْ نَعْبُدَ الْأَصْنَامَ رَبِّ إِنَّهُنَّ أَضْلَلْنَ كَثِيرًا مِنَ النَّاسِ فَمَنْ تَبِعَنِي فَإِنَّهُ مِنِّي وَمَنْ عَصَانِي فَإِنَّكَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ رَبَّنَا إِنِّي أَسْكَنْتُ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي بِوَادٍ غَيْرِ ذِي زَرْعٍ عِنْدَ بَيْتِكَ الْمُحَرَّمِ رَبَّنَا لِيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ فَاجْعَلْ أَفْئِدَةً مِنَ النَّاسِ تَهْوِي إِلَيْهِمْ وَارْزُقْهُمْ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَشْكُرُونَ رَبَّنَا إِنَّكَ تَعْلَمُ مَا نُخْفِي وَمَا نُعْلِنُ وَمَا يَخْفَى عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا فِي السَّمَاءِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي وَهَبَ لِي عَلَى الْكِبَرِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ إِنَّ رَبِّي لَسَمِيعُ الدُّعَاءِ رَبِّ اجْعَلْنِي مُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةِ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي رَبَّنَا وَتَقَبَّلْ دُعَاءِ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيَّ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الْحِسَابُ [ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: 35 - 41 ]. وَمَا جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ مِنْ أَنَّ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ لَمَّا بَنَى بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ سَأَلَ اللَّهَ خِلَالًا ثَلَاثًا، كَمَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ عِنْدَ قَوْلِهِ: رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَهَبْ لِي مُلْكًا لَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِي [ ص: 35 ]. فَالْمُرَادُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. أَنَّهُ جَدَّدَ بِنَاءَهُ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ أَنَّ بَيْنَهُمَا أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً ، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ أَحَدٌ إِنَّ بَيْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً سِوَى ابْنِ حِبَّانَ فِي تَقَاسِيمِهِ وَأَنْوَاعِهِ، وَهَذَا الْقَوْلُ لَمْ يُوَافَقْ عَلَيْهِ وَلَا سُبِقَ إِلَيْهِ.
Translation
✧ The birth of Isḥāq (peace and blessings be upon him) When Ismāʿīl was born, Sārah grieved deeply, so Allah granted her Isḥāq when she was seventy years old and Ibrāhīm was one hundred and twenty years old. Allah Almighty said: And We gave him glad tidings of Isḥāq, a prophet from among the righteous, and We blessed him and Isḥāq; and of their offspring some are doers of good and some are plainly unjust to themselves [al-Ṣāffāt: 112]. The glad tidings concerning him came from the angels to Ibrāhīm and Sārah when they passed by them on their way to the cities of Lūṭ's people to destroy them for their disbelief and wickedness. Allah Almighty said: And certainly Our messengers came to Ibrāhīm with glad tidings. They said, "Peace." He said, "Peace," and did not delay in bringing a roasted calf. But when he saw their hands not reaching to it, he distrusted them and conceived a fear of them. They said, "Do not fear. We have been sent to the people of Lūṭ." And his wife was standing, and she laughed; then We gave her glad tidings of Isḥāq, and after Isḥāq, Yaʿqūb. She said, "Woe to me! Shall I bear a child while I am an old woman and this is my husband, an old man? Indeed, this is an amazing thing!" They said, "Are you amazed at the decree of Allah? The mercy of Allah and His blessings be upon you, O people of the house. Indeed, He is Praiseworthy and Glorious" [Hūd: 69-73]. And He Almighty said: And inform them about the guests of Ibrāhīm, when they entered upon him and said, "Peace." He said, "Indeed, we are fearful of you." They said, "Do not fear. Indeed, we bring you good tidings of a knowledgeable boy." He said, "Have you given me good tidings although old age has touched me? Then of what do you inform me?" They said, "We have given you good tidings in truth, so do not be of the despairing." He said, "And who despairs of the mercy of his Lord except those astray?" [al-Ḥijr: 51-56]. And He Almighty said: Has the story reached you of the honored guests of Ibrāhīm? When they entered upon him and said, "Peace." He said, "Peace, a people unknown." Then he went to his family and came with a fat calf and placed it near them; he said, "Will you not eat?" And he felt from them fear. They said, "Do not fear," and gave him good tidings of a knowledgeable boy. And his wife approached with a loud cry and struck her face and said, "A barren old woman!" They said, "Thus has said your Lord; indeed, He is the Wise, the Knowing" [al-Dhāriyāt: 24-30]. He Almighty mentions that the angels—they were three: Jibrīl, Mīkāʾīl, and Isrāfīl—when they came to al-Khalīl, he first thought them guests and treated them as guests, roasting for them a fat calf from the best of his cattle. When he placed it near them and offered it to them, he did not see in them any inclination to eat at all, because angels have no need for food. So Ibrāhīm distrusted them and conceived a fear of them. They said, "Do not fear. We have been sent to the people of Lūṭ," that is, to destroy them. At that, Sārah rejoiced out of anger for Allah against them, and she was standing at the heads of the guests, as is the custom of people among the Arabs and others. When she laughed out of joy at that, Allah Almighty said: Then We gave her glad tidings of Isḥāq, and after Isḥāq, Yaʿqūb; that is, the angels gave her glad tidings of that. Then his wife approached with a loud cry—that is, with a scream—and struck her face, as women do when amazed, and said: "Woe to me! Shall I bear a child while I am an old woman and this is my husband, an old man?" That is, how can someone like me bear a child when I am old and also barren, and this is my husband—that is, my spouse—an old man? She marveled at the existence of a child in such a state; therefore she said: "Indeed, this is an amazing thing." They said: "Are you amazed at the decree of Allah? The mercy of Allah and His blessings be upon you, O people of the house. Indeed, He is Praiseworthy and Glorious." Likewise Ibrāhīm ﷺ marveled, rejoicing at this glad tiding, seeking to confirm it, and being happy with it. He said: "Have you given me good tidings although old age has touched me? Then of what do you inform me?" They said: "We have given you good tidings in truth, so do not be of the despairing." They affirmed the news with this glad tiding and confirmed it with him, and they gave them good tidings of a knowledgeable boy, who is Isḥāq; and his brother Ismāʿīl was a forbearing boy, fitting for his station and his patience. Thus his Lord described him with truthfulness of promise and patience. And He said in the other verse: Then We gave her glad tidings of Isḥāq, and after Isḥāq, Yaʿqūb. This is among the evidence used by Muḥammad b. Kaʿb al-Quraẓī and others that the one intended for sacrifice was Ismāʿīl, and that Isḥāq could not be commanded to be sacrificed after the glad tiding of his existence and the existence of his son Yaʿqūb, whose name derives from ʿaqib (offspring) after him. According to the People of the Book, he brought with the roasted calf—that is, the roasted meat—a loaf baked in ashes containing three measures, along with butter and milk. According to them, they ate, but this is pure error. It is said: they pretended to eat while the food vanished into the air. According to them, Allah Almighty said to Ibrāhīm: "As for Sārah your wife, her name shall not be called Sārah, but her name shall be Sārah; and I will bless her, and give you a son by her, and I will bless him, and he shall be for peoples, and kings of peoples shall be from him." Then Ibrāhīm fell on his face—that is, prostrating—and laughed, saying in himself: "Shall a child be born to me after a hundred years? Or shall Sārah give birth when she has reached ninety years?" And Ibrāhīm said to Allah Almighty: "Would that Ismāʿīl might live before You!" Then Allah said to Ibrāhīm: "By My right, your wife Sārah shall bear you a son, and you shall call his name Isḥāq, at this same time next year; and I will establish My covenant with him forever, and with his offspring after him. I have answered you concerning Ismāʿīl, and have blessed him, magnified him, and multiplied him greatly; twelve great ones shall be born to him, and I will make him a chief of a great people." But Allah knows best. Thus His Almighty saying: Then We gave her glad tidings of Isḥāq, and after Isḥāq, Yaʿqūb is evidence that she would enjoy the existence of her son Isḥāq, and after him his son Yaʿqūb would be born—that is, he would be born during their lifetimes so that their eyes might be delighted by him, just as they were delighted by his father. If this were not intended, there would be no benefit in mentioning Yaʿqūb and singling him out specifically among the rest of Isḥāq's offspring. Since he was singled out by mention, it indicates that they would enjoy him and be pleased by his birth, just as they were pleased by the birth of his father before him. And He Almighty said: And We granted him Isḥāq and Yaʿqūb; each We guided [al-Anʿām: 84]. And He Almighty said: So when he withdrew from them and from what they worshipped besides Allah, We granted him Isḥāq and Yaʿqūb [Maryam: 49]. This, if Allah wills, is evident and strong, and is supported by what is established in the two Ṣaḥīḥs from Abū Dharr, who said: I said, "O Messenger of Allah, which mosque was placed first?" He said: "The Sacred Mosque." I said, "Then which?" He said: "The Aqṣā Mosque." I said, "How much between them?" He said: "Forty years." I said, "Then which?" He said: "Then wherever prayer overtakes you, pray, for all of it is a mosque." According to the People of the Book, Yaʿqūb ﷺ is the one who founded the Aqṣā Mosque, which is the mosque of Īliyā, and it is the mosque of Bayt al-Maqdis, may Allah ennoble it. This is plausible, and what we have mentioned from the ḥadīth supports it. On this basis, Yaʿqūb—who is Isrāʾīl ﷺ —built it forty years exactly after al-Khalīl and his son Ismāʿīl built the Sacred Mosque. Their building of it took place after Isḥāq's existence, because when Ibrāhīm ﷺ supplicated, he said in his supplication as Allah Almighty said: And when Ibrāhīm said, "My Lord, make this city secure and keep me and my sons away from worshipping idols. My Lord, indeed they have led astray many among the people. So whoever follows me is of me, and whoever disobeys me—indeed, You are Forgiving and Merciful. Our Lord, I have settled some of my descendants in an uncultivated valley near Your Sacred House, our Lord, that they may establish prayer. So make hearts among the people incline toward them and provide for them from the fruits that they may be grateful. Our Lord, indeed You know what we conceal and what we declare; nothing is hidden from Allah on earth or in heaven. Praise be to Allah, who has granted me in old age Ismāʿīl and Isḥāq. Indeed, my Lord is the Hearer of supplication. My Lord, make me an establisher of prayer, and from my descendants. Our Lord, accept my supplication. Our Lord, forgive me and my parents and the believers on the Day the account is established" [Ibrāhīm: 35-41]. As for what came in the ḥadīth that Sulaymān b. Dāwūd (peace be upon them both), when he built Bayt al-Maqdis, asked Allah for three qualities, as we mentioned at His saying: My Lord, forgive me and grant me a kingdom such as shall not belong to anyone after me [Ṣād: 35]—the meaning of that, and Allah knows best, is that he renewed its building, as previously mentioned that between them is forty years, and no one has said that between Sulaymān and Ibrāhīm is forty years except Ibn Ḥibbān in his Taqāsīm and its types, and this statement was not agreed upon nor preceded.
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No grade is recorded for this wording.