Tarikh (al-Tabari) 120
The story of Abraham the Friend (peace and blessings be upon him)
هِجْرَةِ الْخَلِيلِ إِلَى بِلَادِ الشَّامِ وَدُخُولِهِ الدِّيَارَ الْمِصْرِيَّةَ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَجْمَعُوا عَلَى فِرَاقِ قَوْمِهِمْ، فَخَرَجَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ مُهَاجِرًا إِلَى رَبِّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَخَرَجَ مَعَهُ لُوطٌ مُهَاجِرًا، وَسَارَّةُ زَوْجَتُهُ. حَتَّى قَدِمَ مِصْرَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: فَآمَنَ لَهُ لُوطٌ وَقَالَ إِنِّي مُهَاجِرٌ إِلَى رَبِّي إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَجَعَلْنَا فِي ذُرِّيَّتِهِ النُّبُوَّةَ وَالْكِتَابَ وَآتَيْنَاهُ أَجْرَهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَإِنَّهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ لَمِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ [ الْعَنْكَبُوتِ: 26 - 27 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَنَجَّيْنَاهُ وَلُوطًا إِلَى الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي بَارَكْنَا فِيهَا لِلْعَالَمِينَ وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ نَافِلَةً وَكُلًّا جَعَلْنَا صَالِحِينَ وَجَعَلْنَاهُمْ أَئِمَّةً يَهْدُونَ بِأَمْرِنَا وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْهِمْ فِعْلَ الْخَيْرَاتِ وَإِقَامَ الصَّلَاةِ وَإِيتَاءَ الزَّكَاةِ وَكَانُوا لَنَا عَابِدِينَ [ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ: 71 - 73 ]. لَمَّا هَجَرَ قَوْمَهُ فِي اللَّهِ، وَهَاجَرَ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَظْهُرِهِمْ، وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ عَاقِرًا لَا يُولَدُ لَهَا، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مِنَ الْوَلَدِ أَحَدٌ، بَلْ مَعَهُ ابْنُ أَخِيهِ لُوطُ بْنُ هَارَانَ بْنِ آزَرَ وَهَبَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الْأَوْلَادَ الصَّالِحِينَ، وَجَعَلَ فِي ذُرِّيَّتِهِ النُّبُوَّةَ وَالْكِتَابَ، فَكُلُّ نَبِيٍّ بُعِثَ بَعْدَهُ فَهُوَ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ، وَكُلُّ كِتَابٍ نَزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ عَلَى نَبِيٍّ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ فَعَلَى أَحَدِ نَسْلِهِ وَعَقِبِهِ خِلْعَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ وَكَرَامَةً لَهُ حِينَ تَرَكَ بِلَادَهُ وَأَهْلَهُ وَأَقْرِبَاءَهُ، وَهَاجَرَ إِلَى بَلَدٍ يَتَمَكَّنُ فِيهَا مِنْ عِبَادَةِ رَبِّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَدَعْوَةِ الْخَلْقِ إِلَيْهِ، وَالْأَرْضُ الَّتِي قَصَدَهَا بِالْهِجْرَةِ أَرْضُ الشَّامِ، وَهِيَ الَّتِي قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: إِلَى الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي بَارَكْنَا فِيهَا لِلْعَالَمِينَ. قَالَهُ أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ، وَأَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ، وَقَتَادَةُ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ. وَرَوَى الْعَوْفِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَوْلَهُ: إِلَى الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي بَارَكْنَا فِيهَا لِلْعَالَمِينَ. مَكَّةَ أَلَمْ تَسْمَعْ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَيْتٍ وُضِعَ لِلنَّاسِ لَلَّذِي بِبَكَّةَ مُبَارَكًا وَهُدًى لِلْعَالَمِينَ [ آلِ عِمْرَانَ: 96 ]. وَزَعَمَ كَعْبُ الْأَحْبَارِ أَنَّهَا حَرَّانُ. وَقَدْ قَدَّمْنَا عَنْ نَقْلِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ مِنْ أَرْضِ بَابِلَ هُوَ وَابْنُ أَخِيهِ لُوطٌ، وَأَخُوهُ نَاحُورُ، وَامْرَأَةُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ سَارَةُ، وَامْرَأَةُ أَخِيهِ مَلْكَا، فَنَزَلُوا حَرَّانَ فَمَاتَ تَارَخُ أَبُو إِبْرَاهِيمَ بِهَا. وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: انْطَلَقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَلُوطٌ قِبَلَ الشَّامِ فَلَقِيَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ سَارَةَ، وَهِيَ ابْنَةُ مَلِكِ حَرَّانَ، وَقَدْ طَعَنَتْ عَلَى قَوْمِهَا فِي دِينِهِمْ فَتَزَوَّجَهَا عَلَى أَنْ لَا يُغَيِّرَهَا. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ، وَهُوَ غَرِيبٌ، وَالْمَشْهُورُ أَنَّهَا ابْنَةُ عَمِّهِ هَارَانَ الَّذِي تُنْسَبُ إِلَيْهِ حَرَّانُ، وَمَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهَا ابْنَةُ أَخِيهِ هَارَانَ أُخْتُ لُوطٍ، كَمَا حَكَاهُ السُّهَيْلِيُّ، عَنِ الْقُتَبِيِّ، وَالنَّقَّاشِ فَقَدْ أَبْعَدَ النُّجْعَةَ، وَقَالَ بِلَا عِلْمٍ، وَادَّعَى أَنَّ تَزْوِيجَ بِنْتِ الْأَخِ كَانَ إِذْ ذَاكَ مَشْرُوعًا فَلَيْسَ لَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ دَلِيلٌ. وَلَوْ فُرِضَ أَنَّ هَذَا كَانَ مَشْرُوعًا فِي وَقْتٍ، كَمَا هُوَ مَنْقُولٌ عَنِ الرَّبَّانِيِّينَ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ، فَإِنَّ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ لَا تَتَعَاطَاهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. ثُمَّ الْمَشْهُورُ أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ لَمَّا هَاجَرَ مِنْ بَابِلَ خَرَجَ بِسَارَةَ مُهَاجِرًا مِنْ بِلَادِهِ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَذَكَرَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا قَدِمَ الشَّامَ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ هَذِهِ الْأَرْضَ لِخَلَفِكَ مِنْ بَعْدِكَ فَابْتَنَى إِبْرَاهِيمُ مَذْبَحًا لِلَّهِ شُكْرًا عَلَى هَذِهِ النِّعْمَةِ، وَضَرَبَ قُبَّتَهُ شَرْقِيَّ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ مُرْتَحِلًا إِلَى الْيَمَنِ، وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ جُوعٌ أَيْ قَحْطٌ وَشِدَّةٌ، وَغَلَاءٌ فَارْتَحَلُوا إِلَى مِصْرَ قصة سارة مع ملك مصر وَذَكَرُوا قِصَّةَ سَارَةَ مَعَ مَلِكِهَا، وَأَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ لَهَا قُولِي: أَنَا أُخْتُهُ. وَذَكَرُوا إِخْدَامَ الْمَلِكِ إِيَّاهَا هَاجَرَ، ثُمَّ أَخْرَجَهُمْ مِنْهَا فَرَجَعُوا إِلَى بِلَادِ التَّيَمُّنِ يَعْنِي أَرْضَ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، وَمَا وَالَاهَا وَمَعَهُ دَوَابُّ وَعَبِيدٌ وَأَمْوَالٌ. وَقَدْ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: لَمْ يَكْذِبْ إِبْرَاهِيمُ إِلَّا ثَلَاثَ كَذَبَاتٍ، ثِنْتَانِ مِنْهُنَّ فِي ذَاتِ اللَّهِ قَوْلُهُ: إِنِّي سَقِيمٌ وَقَوْلُهُ: بَلْ فَعَلَهُ كَبِيرُهُمْ هَذَا. وَقَالَ: بَيْنَا هُوَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ وَسَارَةُ إِذْ أَتَى عَلَى جَبَّارٍ مِنَ الْجَبَابِرَةِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: هَاهُنَا رَجُلٌ مَعَهُ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ أَحْسَنِ النَّاسِ. فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْهَا. فَقَالَ: مَنْ هَذِهِ ؟ قَالَ: أُخْتِي. فَأَتَى سَارَةَ فَقَالَ: يَا سَارَةُ لَيْسَ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ مُؤْمِنٌ غَيْرِي وَغَيْرَكِ، وَإِنَّ هَذَا سَأَلَنِي فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ أَنَّكِ أُخْتِي فَلَا تُكَذِّبِينِي. فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهَا، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ يَتَنَاوَلُهَا بِيَدِهِ فَأُخِذَ، فَقَالَ: ادْعِي اللَّهَ لِي، وَلَا أَضُرُّكِ. فَدَعَتِ اللَّهَ فَأُطْلِقَ، ثُمَّ تَنَاوَلَهَا الثَّانِيَةَ، فَأُخِذَ مِثْلَهَا أَوْ أَشَدَّ، فَقَالَ: ادْعِي اللَّهَ لِي، وَلَا أَضُرُّكِ. فَدَعَتْ فَأُطْلِقَ فَدَعَا بَعْضَ حَجَبَتِهِ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّكَ لَمْ تَأْتِنِي بِإِنْسَانٍ، وَإِنَّمَا أَتَيْتَنِي بِشَيْطَانٍ فَأَخْدَمَهَا هَاجَرَ. فَأَتَتْهُ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ يُصَلِّي فَأَوْمَأَ بِيَدِهِ؛ مَهْيَمْ ؟ فَقَالَتْ: رَدَّ اللَّهُ كَيْدَ الْكَافِرِ أَوِ الْفَاجِرِ فِي نَحْرِهِ، وَأَخْدَمَ هَاجَرَ. قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: فَتِلْكَ أُمُّكُمْ يَا بَنِي مَاءِ السَّمَاءِ. تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ مَوْقُوفًا. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لَمْ يَكْذِبْ إِبْرَاهِيمُ إِلَّا ثَلَاثَ كَذَبَاتٍ؛ قَوْلُهُ حِينَ دُعِيَ إِلَى آلِهَتِهِمْ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي سَقِيمٌ. وَقَوْلُهُ: بَلْ فَعَلَهُ كَبِيرُهُمْ هَذَا. وَقَوْلُهُ لِسَارَةَ: إِنَّهَا أُخْتِي. قَالَ: وَدَخَلَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَرْيَةً فِيهَا مَلِكٌ مِنَ الْمُلُوكِ أَوْ جَبَّارٌ مِنَ الْجَبَابِرَةِ فَقِيلَ: دَخَلَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ اللَّيْلَةَ بِامْرَأَةٍ مِنْ أَحْسَنِ النَّاسِ. قَالَ: فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَلِكُ أَوِ الْجَبَّارُ مَنْ هَذِهِ مَعَكَ ؟ قَالَ: أُخْتِي. قَالَ: فَأَرْسِلْ بِهَا. قَالَ: فَأَرْسَلَ بِهَا إِلَيْهِ. وَقَالَ: لَا تُكَذِّبِي قَوْلِي، فَإِنِّي قَدْ أَخْبَرْتُهُ أَنَّكِ أُخْتِي، إِنْ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ مُؤْمِنٌ غَيْرِي وَغَيْرَكِ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ قَامَ إِلَيْهَا فَأَقْبَلَتْ تَوَضَّأُ وَتُصَلِّي، وَتَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَعْلَمُ أَنِّي آمَنْتُ بِكَ وَبِرَسُولِكَ، وَأَحْصَنْتُ فَرْجِي إِلَّا عَلَى زَوْجِي فَلَا تُسَلِّطْ عَلَيَّ الْكَافِرَ. قَالَ: فَغَطَّ حَتَّى رَكَضَ بِرِجْلِهِ. وعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ يَمُتْ يُقَلْ: هِيَ قَتَلَتْهُ. قَالَ: فَأُرْسِلَ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ قَامَ إِلَيْهَا. قَالَ: فَقَامَتْ تَوَضَّأُ وَتُصَلِّي، وَتَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَعْلَمُ أَنِّي آمَنْتُ بِكَ وَبِرَسُولِكَ، وَأَحْصَنْتُ فَرْجِي إِلَّا عَلَى زَوْجِي فَلَا تُسَلِّطْ عَلَيَّ الْكَافِرَ. قَالَ: فَغَطَّ حَتَّى رَكَضَ بِرِجْلِهِ. قَالَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ، وَقَالَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتِ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ يَمُتْ يُقَلْ هِيَ قَتَلَتْهُ. قَالَ: فَأُرْسِلَ. قَالَ: فَقَالَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ أَوِ الرَّابِعَةِ: مَا أَرْسَلْتُمْ إِلَيَّ إِلَّا شَيْطَانًا أَرْجِعُوهَا إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَأَعْطُوهَا هَاجَرَ. قَالَ: فَرَجَعَتْ فَقَالَتْ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ: أَشَعَرْتَ ؟ إِنَّ اللَّهَ رَدَّ كَيْدَ الْكَافِرِ وَأَخْدَمَ وَلِيدَةً. تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ أَحْمَدُ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ، وَهُوَ عَلَى شَرْطِ الصَّحِيحِ، وَكَانَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ مِنْ وَقْتِ ذُهِبَ بِهَا إِلَى الْمَلِكِ قَامَ يُصَلِّي لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَيَسْأَلُهُ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ عَنْ أَهْلِهِ، وَأَنْ يَرُدَّ بَأْسَ هَذَا الَّذِي أَرَادَ أَهْلَهُ بِسُوءٍ، وَهَكَذَا فَعَلَتْ هِيَ أَيْضًا كُلَّمَا أَرَادَ عَدُوُّ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَنَالَ مِنْهَا أَمْرًا قَامَتْ إِلَى وُضُوئِهَا وَصَلَاتِهَا، وَدَعَتِ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِمَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنَ الدُّعَاءِ الْعَظِيمِ؛ وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَاسْتَعِينُوا بِالصَّبْرِ وَالصَّلَاةِ. فَعَصَمَهَا اللَّهُ وَصَانَهَا لِعِصْمَةِ عَبْدِهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَحَبِيبِهِ وَخَلِيلِهِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ. نبوة النساء وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ بَعْضُ الْعُلَمَاءِ إِلَى نُبُوَّةِ ثَلَاثِ نِسْوَةٍ؛ سَارَةَ، وَأُمِّ مُوسَى، وَمَرْيَمَ عَلَيْهِنَّ السَّلَامُ وَالَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْجُمْهُورُ أَنَّهُنَّ صَدِّيقَاتٌ ؓ وَأَرْضَاهُنَّ وَرَأَيْتُ فِي بَعْضِ الْآثَارِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ كَشَفَ الْحِجَابَ فِيمَا بَيْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَبَيْنَهَا فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَرَاهَا مُنْذُ خَرَجَتْ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ إِلَى أَنْ رَجَعَتْ إِلَيْهِ، وَكَانَ مُشَاهِدًا لَهَا وَهِيَ عِنْدَ الْمَلِكِ، وَكَيْفَ عَصَمَهَا اللَّهُ مِنْهُ؛ لِيَكُونَ ذَلِكَ أَطْيَبَ لِقَلْبِهِ وَأَقَرَّ لِعَيْنِهِ وَأَشَدَّ لِطُمَأْنِينَتِهِ، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يُحِبُّهَا حُبًّا شَدِيدًا لِدِينِهَا، وَقَرَابَتِهَا مِنْهُ وَحُسْنِهَا الْبَاهِرِ، فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ قِيلَ: إِنَّهُ لَمْ تَكُنِ امْرَأَةٌ بَعْدَ حَوَّاءَ إِلَى زَمَانِهَا أَحْسَنَ مِنْهَا ؓ، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ وَالْمِنَّةُ. وَذَكَرَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ التَّوَارِيخِ: أَنَّ فِرْعَوْنَ مِصْرَ هَذَا كَانَ أَخًا لِلضَّحَّاكِ الْمَلِكِ الْمَشْهُورِ بِالظُّلْمِ، وَكَانَ عَامِلًا لِأَخِيهِ عَلَى مِصْرَ. وَيُقَالُ: كَانَ اسْمُهُ سِنَانَ بْنَ عِلْوَانَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُوجِ بْنِ عِمْلَاقِ بْنِ لَاوَذَ بْنِ سَامِ بْنِ نُوحٍ، وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ فِي التِّيجَانِ أَنَّ الَّذِي أَرَادَهَا عَمْرُو بْنُ امْرِئِ الْقَيْسِ بْنِ بَايلبونَ بْنِ سَبَأٍ، وَكَانَ عَلَى مِصْرَ نَقَلَهُ السُّهَيْلِيُّ فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Translation
✧ The Migration of the Friend (al-Khalīl) to the Lands of Syria and His Entry into the Egyptian Territories That is because Ibrāhīm and those with him among his believing companions resolved to part from their people. So Ibrāhīm went forth as an emigrant to his Lord, Mighty and Majestic, and Lūṭ went forth with him as an emigrant, and Sārah his wife, until he arrived in Egypt. Allah, Exalted is He, said: “And Lūṭ believed in him, and he said, ‘Indeed, I am emigrating to my Lord. Indeed, He is the Mighty, the Wise.’ And We gave him Isḥāq and Yaʿqūb and placed prophethood and the Book in his progeny, and We gave him his reward in this world, and indeed he, in the Hereafter, is among the righteous” [al-ʿAnkabūt: 26–27]. And He, Exalted is He, said: “And We delivered him and Lūṭ to the land which We had blessed for the worlds. And We gave him Isḥāq and Yaʿqūb as an extra gift, and all [of them] We made righteous. And We made them imams guiding by Our command, and We inspired to them the doing of good deeds, the establishment of prayer, and the giving of zakāh, and they were worshippers of Us” [al-Anbiyāʾ: 71–73]. When he forsook his people for the sake of Allah and emigrated from among them, his wife was barren, having no children born to her, and he had no child at all; rather, with him was his nephew Lūṭ b. Hārān b. Āzar. Allah, Exalted is He, bestowed upon him after that righteous offspring and placed prophethood and the Book in his progeny. Every prophet sent after him was of his descendants, and every Book that descended from heaven upon one of the prophets after him was upon one of his seed and posterity as a grace from Allah and an honor for him when he left his land, his family, and his relatives, and emigrated to a land in which he could devote himself to the worship of his Lord, Mighty and Majestic, and the call of creation to Him. The land which he intended by migration was the land of Syria, and it is that of which Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: “to the land which We had blessed for the worlds.” This was said by Ubayy b. Kaʿb, Abū al-ʿĀliyah, Qatādah, and others. Al-ʿAwfī narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās his saying: “to the land which We had blessed for the worlds” — Makkah. Have you not heard His saying: “Indeed, the first House [of worship] established for mankind was that at Bakkah, blessed and a guidance for the worlds” [Āl ʿImrān: 96]. Kaʿb al-Aḥbār claimed that it was Ḥarrān. We have previously cited from the transmission of the People of the Book that he left the land of Bābil, he and his nephew Lūṭ, and his brother Nāḥūr, and Ibrāhīm's wife Sārah, and his brother's wife Malkā, and they halted at Ḥarrān, where Tārakh the father of Ibrāhīm died. Al-Suddī said: Ibrāhīm and Lūṭ set out toward Syria, and Ibrāhīm met Sārah, who was the daughter of the king of Ḥarrān, and she had disparaged her people for their religion, so he married her on condition that he would not change her. Ibn Jarīr narrated it, and it is unusual (gharīb). The well-known [view] is that she was the daughter of his paternal uncle Hārān, to whom Ḥarrān is attributed. Whoever claimed that she was the daughter of his brother Hārān, the sister of Lūṭ, as al-Suhaylī related from al-Qutabī and al-Naqqāsh, has strayed far from the truth, spoken without knowledge, and claimed that marriage to a brother's daughter was lawful at that time, but he has no proof for that. Even if it were assumed that this was lawful at some time, as is transmitted from the rabbis of the Jews, the prophets would not engage in it, and Allah knows best. Then the well-known [view] is that Ibrāhīm ﷺ, when he emigrated from Bābil, went forth with Sārah as an emigrant from his land, as has preceded, and Allah knows best. The People of the Book mentioned that when he came to Syria, Allah revealed to him: “I am making this land for your descendants after you.” So Ibrāhīm built an altar to Allah in gratitude for this blessing and pitched his tent east of Bayt al-Maqdis. Then he departed, traveling to the south (al-Yaman), and there was a famine — that is, drought, hardship, and high prices — so they journeyed to Egypt. The Story of Sārah with the King of Egypt They mentioned the story of Sārah with its king, and that Ibrāhīm said to her: “Say, ‘I am his sister.’” They mentioned the king's giving Hājar to her as a servant, then he expelled them from it, and they returned to the lands of the south (al-tayammun), meaning the land of Bayt al-Maqdis and its environs, with him having beasts of burden, slaves, and wealth. Al-Bukhārī said with his chain from Abū Hurayrah who said: Ibrāhīm did not lie except three lies: two of them were for the sake of Allah — his saying, “Indeed, I am sick,” and his saying, “Rather, this largest of them did it.” And he said: While he was one day with Sārah, he came upon a tyrant among the tyrants, and it was said to him: “Here is a man with the most beautiful of people as his wife.” So he sent to him and asked him about her. He said: “Who is this?” He said: “My sister.” Then he came to Sārah and said: “O Sārah, there is no believer on the face of the earth other than me and you, and this man asked me, and I told him that you are my sister, so do not contradict me.” So he sent for her, and when she entered upon him, he went to seize her with his hand, and he was seized. He said: “Supplicate Allah for me, and I will not harm you.” So she supplicated Allah, and he was released. Then he reached for her a second time, and he was seized in the like manner or more severely. He said: “Supplicate Allah for me, and I will not harm you.” So she supplicated, and he was released. Then he called some of his chamberlains and said: “You did not bring me a human being; you brought me a devil.” So he gave her Hājar as a servant. She came to him while he was standing praying, and he gestured with his hand: “What is the matter?” She said: “Allah has turned the plot of the disbeliever — or the wicked one — back upon his own neck, and he gave Hājar as a servant.” Abū Hurayrah said: “That is your mother, O Banī Māʾ al-Samāʾ.” It is unique from this route, mawqūf. Imām Aḥmad said with his chain from Abū Hurayrah who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Ibrāhīm did not lie except three lies: his saying when he was invited to their gods, ‘Indeed, I am sick’; his saying, ‘Rather, this largest of them did it’; and his saying to Sārah, ‘She is my sister.’” He said: And Ibrāhīm entered a village in which there was a king among kings or a tyrant among tyrants, and it was said: “Ibrāhīm entered tonight with the most beautiful of people as a woman.” He said: So the king or the tyrant sent to him: “Who is this with you?” He said: “My sister.” He said: “Send her.” So he sent her to him, and said: “Do not contradict my statement, for I have told him that you are my sister. There is no believer on the earth other than me and you.” When she entered upon him, he rose toward her, and she began to perform ablution and pray, saying: “O Allah, if You know that I have believed in You and Your Messenger and have guarded my private part except for my husband, then do not give the disbeliever power over me.” He said: So he choked until he kicked with his foot. And from Abū Hurayrah that she said: “O Allah, if he dies, it will be said: ‘She killed him.’” He said: So he was released. He said: Then he rose toward her. He said: So she stood up, performed ablution and prayed, saying: “O Allah, if You know that I have believed in You and Your Messenger and have guarded my private part except for my husband, then do not give the disbeliever power over me.” He said: So he choked until he kicked with his foot. Abū al-Zinād said, and Abū Salamah said, from Abū Hurayrah that she said: “O Allah, if he dies, it will be said: ‘She killed him.’” He said: So he was released. He said: Then on the third or fourth time he said: “You have not sent me anything but a devil. Return her to Ibrāhīm and give her Hājar.” He said: So she returned and said to Ibrāhīm: “Do you realize? Allah has turned back the plot of the disbeliever and gave a slave girl as a servant.” It is unique to Aḥmad from this route, and it meets the criteria of the Ṣaḥīḥ. Ibrāhīm ﷺ, from the time she was taken to the king, stood praying to Allah, Mighty and Majestic, asking Him to defend his family and to turn back the harm of this one who intended evil against his family. And likewise she also, whenever the enemy of Allah wanted to obtain anything from her, she rose to her ablution and prayer and supplicated Allah, Mighty and Majestic, with the great supplication that has preceded. For this reason He, Exalted is He, said: “And seek help through patience and prayer.” So Allah protected her and preserved her for the protection of His servant, messenger, beloved, and friend Ibrāhīm ﷺ. The Prophethood of Women Some scholars have held the prophethood of three women: Sārah, the mother of Mūsā, and Maryam (peace be upon them). The majority view is that they were truthful ones (ṣiddīqāt) ؓ, may Allah be pleased with them. I have seen in some reports that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, removed the veil between Ibrāhīm ﷺ and her, and he did not cease to see her from the time she left him until she returned to him, witnessing her while she was with the king, and how Allah protected her from him, so that it would be more soothing to his heart, more comforting to his eye, and stronger for his tranquility. For he loved her intensely because of her religion, her kinship to him, and her dazzling beauty. It has been said that there was no woman after Ḥawwāʾ up to her time more beautiful than she ؓ, and to Allah belongs praise and grace. Some historians mentioned that this Pharaoh of Egypt was a brother of al-Ḍaḥḥāk, the king famous for oppression, and he was governor of Egypt on behalf of his brother. It is said that his name was Sinān b. ʿIlwān b. ʿUbayd b. ʿŪj b. ʿImlāq b. Lāwadh b. Sām b. Nūḥ. Ibn Hishām mentioned in al-Tījān that the one who desired her was ʿAmr b. Imriʾ al-Qays b. Bāylabūn b. Sabaʾ, and he was over Egypt. Al-Suhaylī transmitted it, and Allah knows best.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.