Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1072
The Expedition of Uḥud
ذِكْرُ خُطْبَتِهِ ﷺ وَتَهْيِئَتِهِ لِلْقِتَالِ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْأَسْلَمِيُّ: ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أُوصِيكُمْ بِمَا أَوْصَانِي اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِهِ فِي كِتَابِهِ، مِنَ الْعَمَلِ بِطَاعَتِهِ، وَالتَّنَاهِي عَنْ مَحَارِمِهِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمُ الْيَوْمَ بِمَنْزِلِ أَجْرٍ وَذُخْرٍ لِمَنْ ذَكَرَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ وَطَّنَ نَفْسَهُ لَهُ عَلَى الصَّبْرِ وَالْيَقِينِ، وَالْجِدِّ وَالنَّشَاطِ، فَإِنَّ جِهَادَ الْعَدُوِّ شَدِيدٌ كَرِيهٌ، قَلِيلٌ مَنْ يَصْبِرُ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا مَنْ عَزَمَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى رُشْدَهُ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى مَعَ مَنْ أَطَاعَهُ، وَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ مَعَ مَنْ عَصَاهُ فَافْتَتِحُوا أَعْمَالَكُمْ بِالصَّبْرِ عَلَى الْجِهَادِ، وَالْتَمِسُوا بِذَلِكَ مَا وَعَدَكُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى [وَعَلَيْكُمْ ] بِالَّذِي أَمَرَكُمْ بِهِ، فَإِنِّي حَرِيصٌ عَلَى رُشْدِكُمْ، وَإِنَّ الِاخْتِلَافَ وَالتَّنَازُعَ وَالتَّثْبِيطَ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْعَجْزِ، وَالضَّعْفِ، مِمَّا لَا يُحِبُّ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى، وَلَا يُعْطِي عَلَيْهِ النَّصْرَ وَلَا الظَّفَرَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ [جُدِّدَ فِي صَدْرِي أَنَّ ] مَنْ كَانَ عَلَى حَرَامٍ فَرَّقَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ، وَمَنْ رَغِبَ لَهُ عَنْهُ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ ذَنْبَهُ، وَمَنْ صَلَّى عَلَيَّ صَلَاةً صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَمَلَائِكَتُهُ عَشْرًا، وَمَنْ أَحْسَنَ مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ أَوْ كَافِرٍ وَقَعَ أَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ، فِي عَاجِلِ دُنْيَاهُ وَآجِلِ آخِرَتِهِ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَعَلَيْهِ الْجُمْعَةُ إِلَّا صَبِيًّا أَوِ امْرَأَةً أَوْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا، وَمَنِ اسْتَغْنَى عَنْهَا اسْتَغْنَى اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، وَاللَّهُ غَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ، مَا أَعْلَمُ مِنْ عَمَلٍ يُقَرِّبُكُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى إِلَّا وَقَدْ أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِهِ، وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مِنْ عَمَلٍ يُقَرِّبُكُمْ إِلَى النَّارِ إِلَّا وَقَدْ نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْهُ، وَأَنَّهُ قَدْ نَفَثَ فِي رُوعِي الرُّوحُ الْأَمِينُ أَنَّهُ لَنْ تَمُوتَ نَفْسٌ حَتَّى تَسْتَوْفِيَ أَقْصَى رِزْقِهَا لَا يَنْقُصُ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ، وَإِنْ أَبْطَأَ عَنْهَا، فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ رَبَّكُمْ، وَأَجْمِلُوا فِي طَلَبِ الرِّزْقِ، وَلَا يَحْمِلَنَّكُمُ اسْتِبْطَاؤُهُ أَنْ تَطْلُبُوهُ بِمَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُقْدَرُ عَلَى مَا عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِطَاعَتِهِ، قَدْ بَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْحَلَالَ وَالْحَرَامَ غَيْرَ أَنَّ بَيْنَهُمَا شُبَهًا مِنَ الْأَمْرِ، لَمْ يَعْلَمْهَا كَثِيرٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ إِلَّا مَنْ عَصَمَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فَمَنْ تَرَكَهَا حَفِظَ عِرْضَهُ وَدِينَهُ، وَمَنْ وَقَعَ فِيهَا كَانَ كَالرَّاعِي إِلَى جَنْبِ الْحِمَى أَوْشَكَ أَنْ يَقَعَ فِيهِ، وَلَيْسَ مَلِكٌ إِلَّا وَلَهُ حِمًى، أَلَا وَإِنَّ حِمَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى مَحَارِمُهُ، وَالْمُؤْمِنُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كَالرَّأْسِ مِنَ الْجَسَدِ إِذَا اشْتَكَى تَدَاعَى عَلَيْهِ سَائِرُ جَسَدِهِ، وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ ». [ نُزُولُ الرَّسُولِ بِالشِّعْبِ وَتَعْبِيَتُهُ لِلْقِتَالِ ] قَالَ: وَمَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى نَزَلَ الشِّعْبَ مِنْ أُحُدٍ، فِي عُدْوَةِ الْوَادِي إلَى الْجَبَلِ، فَجَعَلَ ظَهْرَهُ وَعَسْكَرَهُ إلَى أُحُدٍ، وَقَالَ: لَا يُقَاتِلُنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ حَتَّى نَأْمُرُهُ بِالْقِتَالِ وَقَدْ سَرَّحَتْ قُرَيْشٌ الظَّهْرَ وَالْكُرَاعَ فِي زُرُوعٍ كَانَتْ بِالصَّمْغَةِ، مِنْ قَنَاةِ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ: فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ حِينَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ الْقِتَالِ: أَتُرْعَى زُرُوعُ بَنِي قَيْلَةَ وَلِمَا نُضَارِبُ وَتُعَبَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلْقِتَالِ، وَهُوَ فِي سَبْعِ مِئَةِ رَجُلٍ، وَأَمَّرَ عَلَى الرُّمَاةِ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ، أَخَا بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَهُوَ مُعْلَمٌ يَوْمئِذٍ بِثِيَابِ بِيضٍ، وَالرُّمَاةُ خَمْسُونَ رَجُلًا، فَقَالَ: انْضَحْ الْخَيْلَ عَنَّا بِالنَّبْلِ، لَا يَأْتُونَا مِنْ خَلْفِنَا، إنْ كَانَتْ لَنَا أَوْ عَلَيْنَا، فَاثْبُتْ مَكَانَكَ لَا نُؤْتَيَنَّ مِنْ قِبَلِكِ وَظَاهَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ دِرْعَيْنِ، وَدَفَعَ اللِّوَاءَ إلَى مُصْعَبِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، أَخِي بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ. حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ أَنَّ الْبَرَاءَ بْنَ عَازِبٍ قَالَ: جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الرُّمَاةِ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ - وَكَانُوا خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا - عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ. قَالَ: وَوَضَعَهُمْ مَوْضِعًا. وَقَالَ: إِنْ رَأَيْتُمُونَا تَخْطَفُنَا الطَّيْرُ فَلَا تَبْرَحُوا، حَتَّى أُرْسِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ، وَإِنْ رَأَيْتُمُونَا ظَهَرْنَا عَلَى الْعَدُوِّ وَأَوْطَأْنَاهُمْ، فَلَا تَبْرَحُوا حَتَّى أُرْسِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ. [ مَنْ أَجَازَهُمْ الرَّسُولُ وَهُمْ فِي الْخَامِسَةَ عَشْرَةَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَأَجَازَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمئِذٍ سَمُرَةَ بْنَ جُنْدُبٍ الْفَزَارِيَّ، وَرَافِعَ بْنَ خَدِيجٍ، أَخَا بَنِي حَارِثَةَ، وَهُمَا ابْنَا خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، وَكَانَ قَدْ رَدَّهُمَا، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إنَّ رَافِعًا رَامٍ، فَأَجَازَهُ، فَلَمَّا أَجَازَ رَافِعًا، قِيلَ لَهُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَإِنَّ سَمُرَةَ يَصْرَعُ رَافِعًا، فَأَجَازَهُ وَرَدَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ، وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَزَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ، أَحَدَ بَنِي مَالِكِ بْنِ النَّجَّارِ، وَالْبَرَاءَ بْنَ عَازِبٍ، أَحَدَ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ، وَعَمْرَو بْنَ حَزْمٍ، أَحَدَ بَنِي مَالِكِ بْنِ النَّجَّارِ، وَأُسَيْدَ بْنَ ظُهَيْرٍ، أَحَدَ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ، ثُمَّ أَجَازَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ، وَهُمْ أَبْنَاءُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً. فائدة قال ابن القيم: لَا يَأْذَنُ -يعني الإمام- لِمَنْ لَا يُطِيقُ الْقِتَالَ مِنَ الصِّبْيَانِ غَيْرِ الْبَالِغِينَ، بَلْ يَرُدُّهُمْ إِذَا خَرَجُوا، كَمَا رَدَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ابْنَ عُمَرَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ. [ شِعَارُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ] وَكَانَ شِعَارُ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ: أَمِتْ، أَمِتْ فِيمَا قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ.
Translation
✧ Mention of His ﷺ Sermon and His Preparation for Battle Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-Aslamī said: Then the Messenger of God ﷺ stood and addressed the people, saying: “O people, I enjoin upon you what God Almighty enjoined upon me in His Book: acting in obedience to Him and refraining from what He has forbidden. Then, indeed, today you are in a station of reward and provision for one who remembers what is incumbent upon him, and then settles himself for it with patience and certainty, earnestness and vigor. For striving against the enemy is hard and hateful; few endure it except those whom God Almighty has resolved to guide aright. For God Almighty is with those who obey Him, and Satan is with those who disobey Him. So begin your deeds with patience in striving, and seek thereby what God Almighty has promised you, and adhere to what He has commanded you. For I am eager for your right guidance. Indeed, dissension, dispute, and discouragement are among the matters of impotence and weakness, which God Almighty does not love, and for which He does not grant victory or triumph. O people, it has been renewed in my breast that whoever is engaged in something forbidden, God Almighty will separate him from it; and whoever desires to turn away from it for His sake, God will forgive him his sin. And whoever invokes one blessing upon me, God and His angels invoke ten blessings upon him. And whoever does good, whether Muslim or disbeliever, his reward falls upon God, in the immediate of his worldly life and the deferred of his Hereafter. And whoever believes in God and the Last Day, the Friday prayer is incumbent upon him, except a boy, a woman, a sick person, or a slave owned. And whoever deems himself dispensed from it, God dispenses with him, and God is Self-Sufficient, Praiseworthy. I know of no deed that brings you near to God Almighty but that I have commanded you to it, and I know of no deed that brings you near to the Fire but that I have forbidden you from it. And indeed, the Trustworthy Spirit breathed into my innermost being that no soul will die until it has received in full the utmost of its provision, nothing of it lacking, even if it is delayed. So fear God your Lord, and be moderate in seeking provision, and let not its delay cause you to seek it by disobedience to God Almighty, for what is with Him cannot be attained except by obedience to Him. He has made clear to you the lawful and the unlawful, except that between them are ambiguous matters of the affair that many people do not know, except those whom God Almighty protects. So whoever leaves them safeguards his honor and his religion, and whoever falls into them is like a shepherd pasturing beside a protected sanctuary, on the verge of falling into it. There is no king but that he has a protected sanctuary. Verily, the protected sanctuary of God Almighty is His prohibitions. And the believer among believers is like the head of the body: when it aches, the rest of the body responds with fever and sleeplessness. And peace be upon you.” [The Messenger’s Encampment at the Mountain Pass and His Deployment for Battle] He said: The Messenger of God ﷺ went on until he alighted at the mountain pass of Uḥud, on the side of the valley facing the mountain. He placed his back and his army toward Uḥud, and said: “Let none of you fight until we command him to fight.” Quraysh had sent forth their camels and horses into some crops that belonged to the Muslims at al-Ṣamghah, from the Qanāh area. A man from the Anṣār said, when the Messenger of God ﷺ forbade fighting: “Are the crops of the Banū Qaylah to be grazed while we have not yet struck?” And the Messenger of God ﷺ was drawn up for battle, he being among seven hundred men. He appointed over the archers ʿAbd Allāh b. Jubayr, brother of the Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf, who was marked that day in white garments, and the archers were fifty men. He said: “Keep the cavalry away from us with arrows, lest they come upon us from behind. Whether the day is for us or against us, remain in your place, so that we are not approached from your direction.” The Messenger of God ﷺ put on two coats of mail, one over the other, and handed the banner to Muṣʿab b. ʿUmayr, brother of the Banū ʿAbd al-Dār. Abū Isḥāq narrated to us that al-Barāʾ b. ʿĀzib said: The Messenger of God ﷺ placed over the archers on the day of Uḥud—they being fifty men—ʿAbd Allāh b. Jubayr. He said: And he stationed them in a position, and said: “If you see us being snatched away by birds, do not leave your place until I send to you. And if you see us prevail over the enemy and trample them, do not leave until I send to you.” [Those the Messenger Granted Permission While They Were Fifteen] Ibn Hishām said: The Messenger of God ﷺ granted permission that day to Samurah b. Jundub al-Fazārī and Rāfiʿ b. Khadīj, brother of the Banū Ḥārithah, both of whom were fifteen years old. He had sent them back, but it was said to him: “O Messenger of God, Rāfiʿ is an archer,” so he permitted him. When he permitted Rāfiʿ, it was said to him: “O Messenger of God, Samurah can throw Rāfiʿ,” so he permitted him. And the Messenger of God ﷺ sent back Usāmah b. Zayd, ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, Zayd b. Thābit, one of the Banū Mālik b. al-Najjār, al-Barāʾ b. ʿĀzib, one of the Banū Ḥārithah, ʿAmr b. Ḥazm, one of the Banū Mālik b. al-Najjār, and Usayd b. Ẓuhayr, one of the Banū Ḥārithah. Then he permitted them on the day of the Trench, they being fifteen years old. Benefit: Ibn al-Qayyim said: The imam does not grant permission to boys under the age of puberty who are unable to fight; rather, he sends them back if they go out, just as the Messenger of God ﷺ sent back Ibn ʿUmar and those with him. [The Watchword of the Muslims] The watchword of the companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ on the day of Uḥud was: “Kill, kill,” according to what Ibn Hishām said.
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