Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1070
The Expedition of Uḥud
استطلاع النبي ﷺ خبر قريش لما شَاعَ خَبَرُ قُرَيْشٍ وَمَسِيرَهُمْ فِي النَّاسِ، وَأَرْجَفَتِ الْيَهُودُ وَالْمُنَافِقُونَ، وَقَدِمَ عَمْرُو بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْخُزَاعِيُّ فِي نَفَرٍ قَدْ فَارَقُوا قُرَيْشًا مِنْ ذِي طُوَى، فَأَخْبَرُوا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ الْخَبَرَ وَانْصَرَفُوا، وَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَسًا وَمُؤْنِسًا ابْنَيْ فُضَالَةَ الظَّفَرِيَّيْنِ - لَيْلَةَ الْخَمِيسِ لَيَالٍ مَضَتْ مِنْ شَوَّالٍ - عَيْنَيْنِ، فَاعْتَرَضَا لِقُرَيْشٍ بِالْعَقِيقِ، وَعَادَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَاهُ بِخَبَرِهِمْ، وَأَنَّهُمْ قَدْ خَلَّوْا إِبِلَهُمْ وَخَيْلَهُمْ فِي الزَّرْعِ الَّذِي بِالْعَرِيضِ، حَتَّى تَرَكُوهُ لَيْسَ بِهِ خُضْرٌ، وَتَرَكَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ ظَاهِرَ الْمَدِينَةِ بِعَيْنَيْنِ: جَبَلٌ بِبَطْنِ السَّبْحَةِ مِنْ قَنَاةٍ عَلَى شَفِيرِ الْوَادِي، مُقَابِلَ الْمَدِينَةِ - يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ، فَرَعَتْ إِبِلُهُمْ آثَارَ الْحَرْثِ وَالزَّرْعِ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ وَيَوْمَ الْجُمْعَةِ، لَمْ يَتْرُكُوا خَضْرَاءَ، ثُمَّ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْحُبَابَ - بِضَمِّ الْمُهْمَلَةِ وَتَخْفِيفِ الْمُوَحَّدَةِ - ابْنَ الْمُنْذِرِ بْنِ الْجُمُوحِ إِلَيْهِمْ أَيْضًا، فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَعَادَ وَقَدْ حَزَرَ عَدَدَهُمْ وَمَا مَعَهُمْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَذْكُرْ مِنْ شَأْنِهِمْ حَرْفًا، حَسْبُنَا اللَّهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ، اللَّهُمَّ بِكَ أَجُولُ وَبِكَ أُصُولُ ». وَبَاتَتْ وُجُوهُ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ لَيْلَةَ الْجُمْعَةِ عَلَيْهَا السِّلَاحُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ بِبَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، خَوْفًا مِنْ بَيَاتِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَحَرَسَتِ الْمَدِينَةَ حَتَّى أَصْبَحُوا. [ رُؤْيَا رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ] ( قَالَ ) فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ قَدْ نَزَلُوا حَيْثُ نَزَلُوا، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ: إنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ وَاَللَّهِ خَيْرًا، رَأَيْتُ بَقَرًا، وَرَأَيْتُ فِي ذُبَابِ سَيْفِي ثَلْمًا، وَرَأَيْتُ أَنِّي أَدْخَلْتُ يَدِي فِي دِرْعٍ حَصِينَةٍ، فَأَوَّلْتُهَا الْمَدِينَةَ قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَحَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ بَقَرًا لِي تُذْبَحُ ؟ قَالَ: فَأَمَّا الْبَقَرُ فَهِيَ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِي يُقْتَلُونَ، وَأَمَّا الثَّلْمُ الَّذِي رَأَيْتُ فِي ذُبَابِ سَيْفِي، فَهُوَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي يُقْتَلُ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ فِي الْمَنَامِ أَنِّي أُهَاجِرُ مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى أَرْضٍ بِهَا نَخْلٌ، فَذَهَبَ وَهَلَى إِلَى أَنَّهَا الْيَمَامَةُ أَوْ هَجَرُ، فَإِذَا هِيَ الْمَدِينَةُ يَثْرِبُ، وَرَأَيْتُ فِي رُؤْيَايَ هَذِهِ أَنِّي هَزَزْتُ سَيْفًا فَانْقَطَعَ صَدْرُهُ، فَإِذَا هُوَ مَا أُصِيبَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، ثُمَّ هَزَزْتُهُ أُخْرَى، فَعَادَ أَحْسَنَ مَا كَانَ، فَإِذَا هُوَ مَا جَاءَ اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنَ الْفَتْحِ وَاجْتِمَاعِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَرَأَيْتُ فِيهَا أَيْضًا بَقَرًا، وَاللَّهُ خَيْرٌ، فَإِذَا هُمُ النَّفَرُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، وَإِذَا الْخَيْرُ مَا جَاءَ اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ وَثَوَابِ الصِّدْقِ الَّذِي آتَانَا اللَّهُ بَعْدَ يَوْمِ بَدْرٍ. عَنْ أَنَسٍ مَرْفُوعًا قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ فِيمَا يَرَى النَّائِمُ كَأَنِّيَ مُرْدِفٌ كَبْشًا، وَكَأَنَّ ظُبَةَ سَيْفِي انْكَسَرَتْ، فَأَوَّلْتُ أَنِّي أَقْتُلُ كَبْشَ الْقَوْمِ، وَأَوَّلْتُ كَسْرَ ظُبَةِ سَيْفِي قَتْلَ رَجُلٍ مِنْ عِتْرَتَيْ. فَقُتِلَ حَمْزَةُ، وَقَتَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ طَلْحَةَ وَكَانَ صَاحِبَ اللِّوَاءِ. مُشَاوَرَةُ الرَّسُولِ الْقَوْمَ فِي الْخُرُوجِ أَوْ الْبَقَاءِ وَكَانَ رِجَالٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لَمْ يَشْهَدُوا بَدْرًا قَدْ نَدِمُوا عَلَى مَا فَاتَهُمْ مِنَ السَّابِقَةِ، وَتَمَنَّوْا لِقَاءَ الْعَدُوِّ ; لِيُبْلُوَا مَا أَبْلَى إِخْوَانُهُمْ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ بِأَصْلِ أُحُدٍ فَرِحَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ الَّذِينَ لَمَّ يَشْهَدُوا بَدْرًا بِقُدُومِ الْعَدُوِّ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَقَالُوا: قَدْ سَاقَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْنَا أُمْنِيَّتَنَا. ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُرِيَ لَيْلَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ رُؤْيَا فَأَصْبَحَ، فَجَاءَهُ نَفَرٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: رَأَيْتُ الْبَارِحَةَ فِي مَنَامِي بَقَرًا تُذْبَحُ، وَاللَّهُ خَيْرٌ، وَرَأَيْتُ سَيْفِي ذَا الْفَقَارِ انْقَصَمَ مِنْ عِنْدِ ظُبَّتِهِ - أَوْ قَالَ: بِهِ فُلُولٌ - فَكَرِهْتُهُ، وَهُمَا مُصِيبَتَانِ، وَرَأَيْتُ أَنِّيَ فِي دِرْعٍ حَصِينَةٍ، وَأَنِّيَ مُرْدِفٌ كَبْشًا. فَلَمَّا أَخْبَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِرُؤْيَاهُ، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَاذَا أَوَّلْتَ رُؤْيَاكَ ؟ قَالَ: أَوَّلْتُ الْبَقْرَ الَّذِي رَأَيْتُ نَفَرًا فِينَا وَفِي الْقَوْمِ، وَكَرِهْتُ مَا رَأَيْتُ بِسَيْفِي: وَيَقُولُ رِجَالٌ: كَانَ الَّذِي رَأَى بِسَيْفِهِ، الَّذِي أَصَابَ وَجْهَهُ ; فَإِنَّ الْعَدُوَّ أَصَابَ وَجْهَهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ، وَقَصَمُوا رَبَاعِيَتَهُ وَخَرَقُوا شَفَتَهُ، يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ الَّذِي رَمَاهُ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَاصٍّ، وَكَانَ الْبَقْرُ مَنْ قُتِلَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَوْمَئِذٍ. وَقَالَ: أَوَّلْتُ الْكَبْشَ أَنَّهُ كَبْشُ كَتِيبَةِ الْعَدُوِّ يَقْتُلُهُ اللَّهُ، وَأَوَّلْتُ الدِّرْعَ الْحَصِينَةَ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَامْكُثُوا وَاجْعَلُوا الذَّرَارِيَّ فِي الْآطَامِ، فَإِنْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْنَا الْقَوْمُ فِي الْأَزِقَّةِ، قَاتَلْنَاهُمْ وَرُمُوا مِنْ فَوْقِ الْبُيُوتِ، وَكَانُوا قَدْ سَكُّوا أَزِقَّةَ الْمَدِينَةِ بِالْبُنْيَانِ حَتَّى صَارَتْ كَالْحِصْنِ. فَقَالَ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَشْهَدُوا بَدْرًا: كُنَّا نَتَمَنَّى هَذَا الْيَوْمَ وَنَدْعُو اللَّهَ، فَقَدْ سَاقَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْنَا وَقَرَّبَ الْمَسِيرَ. وَقَالَ رِجَالٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ: مَتَى نُقَاتِلُهُمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِذَا لَمْ نُقَاتِلْهُمْ عِنْدَ شِعَبِنَا ؟ وَقَالَ رِجَالٌ: مَاذَا نَمْنَعُ إِذَا لَمْ تَمْنَعُ الْحَرْثَ يُزْرَعُ ؟ وَقَالَ رِجَالٌ: قَوْلًا صَدَقُوا بِهِ وَمَضَوْا عَلَيْهِ، مِنْهُمْ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، قَالَ: وَالَّذِي أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ لَنُجَالِدَنَّهُمْ. وَقَالَ نُعْمَانُ بْنُ مَالِكِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ بَنِي سَالِمٍ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، لَا تَحْرِمْنَا الْجَنَّةَ، فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَأَدْخُلَنَّهَا. فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: بِمَ ؟. قَالَ: بِأَنِّي أَحَبُّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ، وَلَا أَفِرُّ يَوْمَ الزَّحْفِ. فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: صَدَقْتَ. وَاسْتُشْهِدَ يَوْمَئِذٍ. وَأَبَى كَثِيرٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ إِلَّا الْخُرُوجَ إِلَى الْعَدُوِّ، وَلَمْ يَتَنَاهَوْا إِلَى قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَرَأْيِهِ، وَلَوْ رَضُوا بِالَّذِي أَمَرَهُمْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ، وَلَكِنْ غَلَبَ الْقَضَاءُ وَالْقَدَرُ، وَعَامَّةُ مَنْ أَشَارَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْخُرُوجِ رِجَالٌ لَمْ يَشْهَدُوا بَدْرًا، قَدْ عَلِمُوا الَّذِي سَبَقَ لِأَصْحَابِ بِدْرٍ مِنَ الْفَضِيلَةِ، فَلَّمَا صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْجُمُعَةَ، وَعَظَ النَّاسَ وَذَكَّرَهُمْ وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِالْجِدِّ وَالْجِهَادِ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ مِنْ خُطْبَتِهِ وَصِلَاتِهِ، فَدَعَا بِلَأْمَتِهِ فَلَبِسَهَا، ثُمَّ أَذَّنَ فِي النَّاسِ بِالْخُرُوجِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ رِجَالٌ مِنْ ذَوِي الرَّأْيِ، قَالُوا: أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ نَمْكُثَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِاللَّهِ وَمَا يُرِيدُ، وَيَأْتِيهِ الْوَحْيُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، امْكُثْ كَمَا أَمَرْتَنَا. فَقَالَ: مَا يَنْبَغِي لِنَبِيٍّ إِذَا أَخَذَ لَأْمَةَ الْحَرْبِ وَأَذَّنَ بِالْخُرُوجِ إِلَى الْعَدُوِّ، أَنْ يَرْجِعَ حَتَّى يُقَاتِلَ، وَقَدْ دَعَوْتُكُمْ إِلَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فَأَبَيْتُمْ إِلَّا الْخُرُوجَ، فَعَلَيْكُمْ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَالصَّبْرِ عِنْدَ الْبَأْسِ إِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الْعَدُوَّ، وَانْظُرُوا مَاذَا آمُرُكُمْ بِهِ فَافْعَلُوهُ. فائدة قال ابن القيم رحمه الله تعالى: أَنَّ الْجِهَادَ يَلْزَمُ بِالشُّرُوعِ فِيهِ ، حَتَّى إِنَّ مَنْ لَبِسَ لَأْمَتَهُ وَشَرَعَ فِي أَسْبَابِهِ، وَتَأَهَّبَ لِلْخُرُوجِ، لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ عَنِ الْخُرُوجِ حَتَّى يُقَاتِلَ عَدُوَّهُ. وَمِنْهَا: أَنَّهُ لَا يَجِبُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِذَا طَرَقَهُمْ عَدُوُّهُمْ فِي دِيَارِهِمُ الْخُرُوجُ إِلَيْهِ، بَلْ يَجُوزُ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَلْزَمُوا دِيَارَهُمْ، وَيُقَاتِلُوهُمْ فِيهَا إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ أَنْصَرَ لَهُمْ عَلَى عَدُوِّهِمْ، كَمَا أَشَارَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَيْهِمْ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ.
Translation
✧ The Prophet's ﷺ Gathering Intelligence about Quraysh When the news of Quraysh and their march spread among the people, and the Jews and hypocrites stirred up rumors, ʿAmr b. Sālim al-Khuzāʿī arrived with a group who had parted from Quraysh at Dhū Ṭuwā. They informed the Prophet ﷺ of the news and departed. The Messenger of God ﷺ sent Anas and Muʾnis, the two sons of Fuḍāla al-Ẓafarī—on Thursday night, some nights having passed of Shawwāl—as scouts. They encountered Quraysh at al-ʿAqīq and returned to the Messenger of God ﷺ and informed him of their news, and that they had let their camels and horses loose in the crops at al-ʿArīḍ, until they left it with no greenery. The polytheists left the outskirts of Madinah at ʿAynayn—a mountain in the belly of al-Sabḥa from Qanāt on the edge of the valley, opposite Madinah—on Wednesday. Their camels grazed on the traces of the tillage and crops on Thursday and Friday, leaving no green thing. Then the Messenger of God ﷺ also sent al-Ḥubāb—with a ḍammah on the undotted letter and a lightening of the dotted letter—b. al-Mundhir b. al-Jamūḥ to them. He looked at them and returned, having estimated their number and what was with them. The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "Do not mention a single letter of their affair. Sufficient for us is God, and He is the best Disposer of affairs. O God, by You I move about and by You I attack." The leading men of the Aws and the Khazraj spent Friday night in arms in the mosque at the door of the Messenger of God ﷺ, fearing a night attack by the polytheists, and they guarded Madinah until morning. [The Dream of the Messenger of God ﷺ] (He said) When the Messenger of God ﷺ and the Muslims heard that they had encamped where they encamped, the Messenger of God ﷺ said to the Muslims: "By God, I have seen something good. I saw cows, and I saw a notch in the edge of my sword, and I saw that I had inserted my hand into a strong coat of mail, and I interpreted it as Madinah." Ibn Hishām said: Some people of knowledge narrated to me that the Messenger of God ﷺ said: "I saw cows of mine being slaughtered." He said: "As for the cows, they are people of my companions who will be killed. As for the notch that I saw in the edge of my sword, it is a man of my household who will be killed." From Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī, from the Prophet ﷺ, he said: "I saw in a dream that I was migrating from Makkah to a land with palm trees. My mind wandered to thinking it was al-Yamāma or Hajar, but it was Madinah, Yathrib. And I saw in this dream of mine that I shook a sword and its upper part broke. That was what befell the believers on the day of Uḥud. Then I shook it again, and it returned to the best of what it had been. That was the conquest and the gathering of the believers that God brought about. And I also saw in it cows—and God is good. Those were the group of believers on the day of Uḥud, and the good was the good and the reward of truthfulness that God brought us after the day of Badr." From Anas, in a marfūʿ report, he said: "I saw in what the sleeper sees as if I was riding behind a ram, and as if the tip of my sword broke. I interpreted that I would kill the ram of the people, and I interpreted the breaking of the tip of my sword as the killing of a man of my kin." So Ḥamza was killed, and the Messenger of God ﷺ killed Ṭalḥa, who was the bearer of the standard. The Messenger's Consultation with the People about Going Out or Staying Some men of the Muslims who had not been present at Badr regretted what they had missed of the previous merit and longed to meet the enemy, to test themselves as their brothers had been tested on the day of Badr. When Abū Sufyān and the polytheists encamped at the foot of Uḥud, the Muslims who had not been present at Badr rejoiced at the enemy's coming upon them and said: "God has brought us what we desired." Then the Messenger of God ﷺ was shown a dream on Friday night and rose in the morning. A group of his companions came to him, and he said to them: "Last night I saw in my dream cows being slaughtered—and God is good—and I saw my sword Dhū al-Faqār broken at its tip—or he said: it had notches—and I disliked it. They are two misfortunes. And I saw that I was in a strong coat of mail, and that I was riding behind a ram." When the Messenger of God ﷺ informed them of his dream, they said: "O Messenger of God, how did you interpret your dream?" He said: "I interpreted the cows that I saw as a group among us and among the people, and I disliked what I saw regarding my sword." Some men say: What he saw regarding his sword was what struck his face, for the enemy struck his face that day, broke his incisor, and pierced his lip. They claim that the one who shot him was ʿUtba b. Abī Waqqāṣ. The cows were those of the Muslims who were killed that day. And he said: "I interpreted the ram as the ram of the enemy's battalion whom God will kill, and I interpreted the strong coat of mail as Madinah. So stay, and place the women and children in the strongholds. If the people enter upon us in the alleys, we will fight them, and they will be shot at from above the houses." They had blocked the alleys of Madinah with buildings until it became like a fortress. Those who had not been present at Badr said: "We used to wish for this day and pray to God, and God has brought it to us and made the journey near." Some men of the Anṣār said: "When shall we fight them, O Messenger of God, if we do not fight them at our mountain passes?" Some men said: "What do we prevent if we do not prevent the tillage from being cultivated?" Some men spoke words they were true to and acted upon. Among them was Ḥamza b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, who said: "By the One who sent down the Book upon you, we will surely fight them with swords." Nuʿmān b. Mālik b. Thaʿlaba, one of the Banū Sālim, said: "O Prophet of God, do not deprive us of Paradise. By the One in whose hand is my soul, I will surely enter it." The Messenger of God ﷺ said to him: "By what means?" He said: "Because I love God and His Messenger, and I do not flee on the day of battle." The Messenger of God ﷺ said to him: "You have spoken the truth." He was martyred that day. Many of the people insisted on going out to the enemy and did not comply with the word and opinion of the Messenger of God ﷺ. Had they accepted what he commanded them, that would have been, but decree and destiny prevailed. The majority of those who advised him to go out were men who had not been present at Badr, who knew the excellence that had preceded for the companions of Badr. When the Messenger of God ﷺ prayed the Friday prayer, he preached to the people, reminded them, and commanded them to strive and fight. Then he finished his sermon and prayer, called for his armor, and put it on. Then he announced to the people to go out. When men of sound judgment saw that, they said: "The Messenger of God ﷺ commanded us to stay in Madinah, and he knows best about God and what He wills, and revelation comes to him from heaven." They said: "O Messenger of God, stay as you commanded us." He said: "It is not fitting for a prophet, when he has put on the armor of war and announced going out to the enemy, to return until he fights. I called you to this matter, and you insisted only on going out. So upon you is the fear of God and patience in hardship when you meet the enemy. And consider what I command you, and do it." Benefit Ibn al-Qayyim, may God have mercy on him, said: Jihad becomes binding once one has begun it, such that whoever puts on his armor, begins its means, and prepares to go out, he may not turn back from going out until he fights his enemy. And among them: It is not obligatory for the Muslims, when their enemy raids them in their lands, to go out to him; rather it is permissible for them to remain in their lands and fight him there, if that gives them greater victory over their enemy, as the Messenger of God ﷺ advised them on the day of Uḥud.
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