18. Preemption
Sunan Ibn Majah 2492Sahih
مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ نَخْلٌ أَوْ أَرْضٌ فَلاَ يَبِيعُهَا حَتَّى يَعْرِضَهَا عَلَى شَرِيكِهِ
“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Whoever has a date-palm tree or land, should not sell it until he has offered it to his partner.' ”
Sunan Ibn Majah 2493Sahih
مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَرْضٌ فَأَرَادَ بَيْعَهَا فَلْيَعْرِضْهَا عَلَى جَارِهِ
“Whoever has land and wants to sell it, let him offer it to his neighbor.”
Sunan Ibn Majah 2494Graders disagree
الْجَارُ أَحَقُّ بِشُفْعَةِ جَارِهِ يَنْتَظِرُ بِهَا إِنْ كَانَ غَائِبًا إِذَا كَانَ طَرِيقُهُمَا وَاحِدًا
“The neighbor has more right to preemption of his neighbor, so let him wait for him even if he is absent, if they share a path.”
Sunan Ibn Majah 2495Sahih
الْجَارُ أَحَقُّ بِسَقَبِهِ
“The neighbor has more right to property that is near.”
Sunan Ibn Majah 2496Hasan or sahih
قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرْضٌ لَيْسَ فِيهَا لأَحَدٍ قِسْمٌ وَلاَ شِرْكٌ إِلاَّ الْجِوَارُ قَالَ الْجَارُ أَحَقُّ بِسَقَبِهِ
“I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, (what do you think of) land owned by only one person but this land has neighbors?' He said: 'The neighbor has more right to property that is near.' ”
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالشُّفْعَةِ فِيمَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ فَلاَ شُفْعَةَ
the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled concerning preemption of land that has not been divided; if the boundaries have been set then there is no preemption.
Sunan Ibn Majah 2497bNo grade recorded
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَهُ قَالَ أَبُو عَاصِمٍ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ مُرْسَلٌ وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مُتَّصِلٌ
Another chain narrates a hadith similar to the previous one.
Sunan Ibn Majah 2498Sahih
الشَّرِيكُ أَحَقُّ بِسَقَبِهِ مَا كَانَ
“The partner has more right to what is near him, so long as he is still a partner.”
Sunan Ibn Majah 2499Sahih
إِنَّمَا جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الشُّفْعَةَ فِي كُلِّ مَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ وَصُرِّفَتِ الطُّرُقُ فَلاَ شُفْعَةَ
the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled that preemption takes effect in all cases where land has not been divided. But if the boundaries have been set and the roads laid out, then there is no preemption.”
الشُّفْعَةُ كَحَلِّ الْعِقَالِ
“Preemption is like undoing the ʿIqal.”
لاَ شُفْعَةَ لِشَرِيكٍ عَلَى شَرِيكٍ إِذَا سَبَقَهُ بِالشِّرَاءِ وَلاَ لِصَغِيرٍ وَلاَ لِغَائِبٍ
“There is no preemption for a partner when his co-partner has beaten him to it (in another deal before), not for a minor nor one who is absent.”