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العربية

Musnad al-Bazzar 422

✧ Abu Sa'id, the freed slave of Abu Usayd

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حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْمِقْدَامِ، قَالَ: نَا الْمُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، مَوْلَى أَبِي أُسَيْدٍ، قَالَ:

بَلَغَ عُثْمَانَ أَنَّ وَفْدَ أَهْلِ مِصْرَ، قَدْ أَقْبَلُوا فَتَلَقَّاهُمْ فِي قَرْيَةٍ لَهُ خَارِجًا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَكَرِهَ أَنْ يَدْخُلُوا عَلَيْهِ أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ، فَلَمَّا عَلِمُوا بِمَكَانِهِ أَقْبَلُوا إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالُوا: ادْعُ لَنَا بِالْمُصْحَفِ، فَدَعَى - يَعْنِي بِهِ - فَقَالَ: افْتَحْ فَقَرَأَ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا أَنْـزَلَ اللهُ لَكُمْ مِنْ رِزْقٍ فَجَعَلْتُمْ مِنْهُ حَرَامًا وَحَلالا قُلْ آللهُ أَذِنَ لَكُمْ أَمْ عَلَى اللهِ تَفْتَرُونَ فَقَالُوا: أَحِمَى اللهِ أَذِنَ لَكَ بِهِ أَمْ عَلَى اللهِ تَفْتَرِي ؟ فَقَالَ: امْضِ، نَزَلَتْ فِي كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَأَمَّا الْحِمَى، فَإِنَّ عُمَرَ حَمَى الْحِمَى لِإِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ، فَلَمَّا وُلِّيتُ فَعَلْتُ الَّذِي فَعَلَ، وَمَا زِدْتُ عَلَى مَا زَادَ، قَالَ: وَلَا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا قَالَ: وَأَنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ ابْنُ كَذَا سَنَةٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: سَأَلُوهُ عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ جَعَلَ يَقُولُ: امْضِهْ، نَزَلَتْ فِي كَذَا وَكَذَا، ثُمَّ سَأَلُوهُ عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ عَرَفَهَا لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ فِيهَا مَخْرَجٌ، فَقَالَ: اسْتَغْفِرِ اللهَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَا تُرِيدُونَ ؟ قَالُوا: نُرِيدُ أَلَّا يَأْخُذَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ الْعَطَاءَ، فَإِنَّ هَذَا الْمَالَ لِلَّذِي قَاتَلَ عَلَيْهِ، وَلِهَذِهِ الشُّيُوخِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، قَالَ: فَرَضِيَ وَرَضُوا، قَالَ: وَأَخَذُوا عَلَيْهِ، قَالَ: وَأُرَاهُ كَتَبُوا عَلَيْهِ كِتَابًا، وَأَخَذَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَلَا يَشُقُّوا عَصًى، وَلَا يُفَارِقُوا جَمَاعَةً قَالَ: فَرَضِيَ وَرَضُوا، وَأَقْبَلُوا مَعَهُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَصَعِدَ الْمِنْبَرَ، فَحَمِدَ اللهَ، وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنِّي وَاللهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ وَفْدًا هُمْ خَيْرٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَفْدِ، أَلَا مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ زَرْعٌ فَلْيَلْحَقْ بِزَرْعِهِ، وَمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ ضَرْعٌ فَلْيَحْتَلِبْهُ، أَلَا إِنَّهُ لَا مَالَ لَكُمْ عِنْدَنَا، إِنَّمَا هَذَا الْمَالُ لِمَنْ قَاتَلَ عَلَيْهِ، وَلِهَذِهِ الشُّيُوخِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، قَالَ: فَغَضِبَ النَّاسُ، وَقَالُوا: هَذَا مَكْرُ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ، وَرَجَعَ الْوَفْدُ رَاضِينَ، فَلَمَّا كَانُوا بِبَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ إِذَا رَاكِبٌ يَتَعَرَّضُ لَهُمْ، ثُمَّ يُفَارِقُهُمْ، ثُمَّ يَعُودُ إِلَيْهِمْ وَيَسُبُّهُمْ، فَأَخَذُوهُ، فَقَالُوا لَهُ: مَا شَأْنُكَ ؟ إِنَّ لَكَ لَشَأْنًا، فَقَالَ: أَنَا رَسُولُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِلَى عَامِلِهِ بِمِصْرَ، فَفَتَّشُوهُ فَإِذَا مَعَهُ كِتَابٌ عَلَى لِسَانِ عُثْمَانَ عَلَيْهِ خَاتَمُهُ أَنْ يَصْلُبَهُمْ، أَوْ يَضْرِبَ أَعْنَاقَهُمْ، أَوْ يَقْطَعَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَأَرْجُلَهُمْ، قَالَ: فَرَجَعُوا، وَقَالُوا: قَدْ نَقَضَ الْعَهْدَ، وَأَحَلَّ اللهُ دَمَهُ، فَقَدِمُوا الْمَدِينَةَ، فَأَتَوْا عَلِيًّا، فَقَالُوا: أَلَمْ تَرَ عَدُوَّ اللهِ كَتَبَ فِينَا بِكَذَا وَكَذَا، قُمْ مَعَنَا إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: وَاللهِ لَا أَقُومُ مَعَكُمْ، قَالُوا: فَلِمَ كَتَبْتَ إِلَيْنَا ؟ قَالَ: وَاللهِ مَا كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْكُمْ كِتَابًا قَطُّ، فَنَظَرَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: أَلِهَذَا تُقَاتِلُونَ أَمْ لِهَذَا تَغْضَبُونَ، وَخَرَجَ عَلِيٌّ، فَنَزَلَ قَرْيَةً خَارِجًا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَأَتَوْا عُثْمَانَ، فَقَالُوا: أَكَتَبْتَ فِينَا بِكَذَا وَكَذَا ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّمَا هُمَا اثْنَتَانِ أَنْ تُقِيمُوا شَاهِدَيْنِ، أَوْ يَمِينَ اللهِ: مَا كَتَبْتُ وَلَا أَمْلَيْتُ وَلَا عَلِمْتُ، وَقَدْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ الْكِتَابَ يُكْتَبُ عَلَى لِسَانِ الرَّجُلِ، وَقَدْ يُنْقَشُ الْخَاتَمُ عَلَى الْخَاتَمِ، قَالَ: فَحَصَرُوهُ، فَأَشْرَفَ عَلَيْهِمْ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ، فَقَالَ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ، قَالَ: فَمَا أَسْمَعُ أَحَدًا رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَرُدَّ رَجُلٌ فِي نَفْسِهِ، فَقَالَ: أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللهِ أَعَلِمْتُمْ أَنِّي اشْتَرَيْتُ بِئْرَ رُومَةَ مِنْ مَالِي أَسْتَعْذِبُ بِهَا، فَجَعَلْتُ رِشَائِي كَرِشَاءِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ؟ قِيلَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَعَلَامَ تَمْنَعُونِي أَنْ أَشْرَبَ مِنْ مَائِهَا ؟ حَتَّى أُضْطَرَّ عَلَى مَاءِ الْبَحْرِ، قَالَ: أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللهِ أَعَلِمْتُمْ أَنِّي اشْتَرَيْتُ كَذَا وَكَذَا مِنْ مَالِي فَزِدْتُهُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ ؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَهَلْ عَلِمْتُمْ أَحَدًا مُنِعَ فِيهِ الصَّلَاةَ قَبْلِي ؟ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ أَشْيَاءَ، قَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ، وَأُرَاهُ ذَكَرَ كِتَابَتَهُ الْمُفَصَّلَ بِيَدِهِ، قَالَ: فَفَشَا النَّهْيُ، وَقِيلَ مَهْلًا عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ لَا نَعْلَمُهُ رَوَاهُ إِلَّا الْمُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ.

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Aḥmad b. al-Miqdām
  2. al-Muʿtamir b. Sulaymān
  3. Abū Yuḥaddith
  4. Abū Naḍrah
  5. Abū Saʿīd a freed slave of Abū Usayd

✧ It reached ‘Uthmān that the delegation of the people of Egypt had set out, so he met them at a village of his outside al-Madīnah, and he disliked that they should enter upon him—or something like that. When they learned of his location, they came to him and said, “Call for the muṣḥaf for us.” So he called for one—meaning by it—and said, “Open it.” He recited until he reached this verse: “Say, ‘Have you seen what Allah has sent down for you of provision, and you made of it unlawful and lawful?’ Say, ‘Has Allah permitted you, or do you fabricate against Allah?’” They said, “Did Allah’s protected pasture permit you to do this, or do you fabricate against Allah?” He said, “Continue; it was revealed concerning such-and-such. As for the protected pasture, ‘Umar protected the pasture for the camels of the zakāh. When I was appointed, I did as he did, and I did not increase beyond what he increased.” I think he said, “And at that time I was a man of such-and-such years.” Then he said, “They asked him about matters, and he kept saying, ‘Continue; it was revealed concerning such-and-such.’ Then they asked him about matters he recognized for which he had no way out, and he said, ‘Seek Allah’s forgiveness.’ Then he said, ‘What do you want?’ They said, ‘We want that the people of al-Madīnah should not receive stipends, for this wealth belongs to those who fought for it and to these elders among the Companions of Muḥammad ﷺ.’” He said, “So he accepted and they accepted.” He said, “And they took an undertaking from him.” I think they wrote a document against him, and he took an undertaking from them that they would not split the stick or separate from the community. He said, “So he accepted and they accepted, and they set off with him to al-Madīnah. He ascended the pulpit, praised Allah, and extolled Him, then said, ‘By Allah, I have never seen a delegation better than this delegation. Indeed, whoever has crops should go to his crops, and whoever has a milking animal should milk it. Indeed, you have no wealth with us; this wealth is for those who fought for it and for these elders among the Companions of Muḥammad ﷺ.’” He said, “The people became angry and said, ‘This is a trick of the Umayyads.’ The delegation returned satisfied. When they were on part of the road, a rider appeared to them, then left them, then returned to them and insulted them. They seized him and said, ‘What is your business? You have some matter.’ He said, ‘I am the messenger of the Commander of the Believers to his governor in Egypt.’ They searched him and found with him a letter in ‘Uthmān’s name, sealed with his seal, ordering that they be crucified or their necks struck or their hands and feet cut off.” He said, “So they returned and said, ‘He has broken the pact, and Allah has made his blood lawful.’ They came to al-Madīnah and went to ‘Alī and said, ‘Did you not see the enemy of Allah writing about us such-and-such? Stand with us against him.’ He said, ‘By Allah, I will not stand with you.’ They said, ‘Then why did you write to us?’ He said, ‘By Allah, I never wrote you any letter.’ They looked at one another, then some of them said, ‘Is it for this you fight, or for this you become angry?’ ‘Alī left and settled in a village outside al-Madīnah. They came to ‘Uthmān and said, ‘Did you write about us such-and-such?’ He said, ‘There are only two options: either you bring two witnesses, or I swear by Allah: I did not write, dictate, or know. You know that a letter can be written in a man’s name and a seal can be engraved on a seal.’” He said, “So they besieged him. One day he looked over them and said, ‘Peace be upon you.’ He said, ‘I did not hear anyone answer him except a man who answered in himself.’ He said, ‘I adjure you by Allah, do you know that I bought the well of Rūmah with my own money to drink sweet water from it, and I made my rope like the rope of any Muslim?’ It was said, ‘Yes.’ He said, ‘Then why do you prevent me from drinking its water, until I am forced to seawater?’ He said, ‘I adjure you by Allah, do you know that I bought such-and-such with my own money and added it to the mosque?’ They said, ‘Yes.’ He said, ‘Do you know of anyone prevented from praying there before me?’ Then he mentioned things the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him, and I think he mentioned his writing of al-Mufaṣṣal with his own hand.” He said, “So the prohibition spread, and it was said, ‘Wait regarding the Commander of the Believers.’” This ḥadīth we do not know anyone narrated except al-Mu‘tamir b. Sulaymān from his father.

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