al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Bayhaqi) 16467
✧ The collective blood-money for injuries short of life
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أَخْبَرَنَا ) أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ الْأَخْنَسِ بْنِ شَرِيقٍ قَالَ:
أَخَذْتُ مِنْ آلِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ هَذَا الْكِتَابَ، كَانَ مَقْرُونًا بِكِتَابِ الصَّدَقَةِ الَّذِي كَتَبَ عُمَرُ لِلْعُمَّالِ: بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ هَذَا كِتَابٌ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَيَثْرِبَ وَمَنْ تَبِعَهُمْ، فَلَحِقَ بِهِمْ وَجَاهَدَ مَعَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ أُمَّةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ دُونَ النَّاسِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ عَلَى رَبْعَتِهِمْ يَتَعَاقَلُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ، وَهُمْ يَفْدُونَ عَانِيَهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالْقِسْطِ بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَبَنُو عَوْفٍ عَلَى رَبْعَتِهِمْ يَتَعَاقَلُونَ مَعَاقِلَهُمُ الْأُولَى، وَكُلُّ طَائِفَةٍ تَفْدِي عَانِيَهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالْقِسْطِ بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ عَلَى هَذَا النَّسَقِ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ، ثُمَّ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ، ثُمَّ بَنِي جُشَمَ ثُمَّ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ ثُمَّ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ ثُمَّ بَنِي النَّبِيتِ ثُمَّ بَنِي الْأَوْسِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَإِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَا يَتْرُكُونَ مُفْرَحًا مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يُعْطُوهُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ فِي فِدَاءٍ أَوْ عَقْلٍ
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Abū ʿAbdullāh al-Ḥāfiẓ
- Abū al-ʿAbbās Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb
- Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Jabbār
- Yūnus b. Bukayr
- Ibn Isḥāq
- ʿUthmān b. Muḥammad b. ʿUthmān b. al-Akhnas b. Sharīq
Machine translation, not reviewed
I took this document from the family of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb (may God be pleased with him). It was attached to the document of the charity (ṣadaqah) which ʿUmar wrote for the officials: In the name of God, the Most Merciful, the Especially Merciful. This is a document from Muḥammad the Prophet ﷺ between the Muslims and the believers of Quraysh and Yathrib, and those who follow them, join them and strive alongside them: that they are one community (ummah) to the exclusion of other people. The Emigrants (muhājirūn) of Quraysh, according to their former custom, pay blood-money among themselves, and they ransom their captive with kindness and justice among the believers. Banū ʿAwf, according to their former custom, pay blood-money as they did formerly, and every group ransoms its captive with kindness and justice among the believers. Then he mentioned in this same manner Banū al-Ḥārith, then Banū Sāʿidah, then Banū Jusham, then Banū al-Najjār, then Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf, then Banū al-Nabīt, then Banū al-Aws. Then he said: The believers shall not leave anyone among them who is heavily burdened with debt without giving him what is customary toward a ransom or blood-money.
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Narrators
- Commander of the Faithful (amīr al-muʾminīn), well-known, of abundant virtues (jamm al-manāqib)d. 23 AH, also said: 24 AHعُمَر بْن الْخَطَّابأمير المؤمنين مشهور جم المناقبقال
- Truthful (ṣadūq) with some errors (awhām)d. between 121 AH and 130 AHعُثْمَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ الْأَخْنَسِ بْنِ شَرِيقٍصدوق له أوهامحدثني
- Truthful (ṣadūq), he practiced concealment (yudallis), and was accused of Shiʿism (tashayyuʿ) and of belief in free will (qadar)d. ʿAmr b. ʿAlī said, and Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad b. ʿArafah: 150 AH, Muḥammad b. Saʿd said elsewhere: al-Haytham b. ʿAdī said: 151 AH, he said: and his son said: 150 AH. Aḥmad b. Khālid al-Wahbī said: 151 AH, Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn said, and ʿAlī Ibn al-Madīnī, and Zakariyyā b. Yaḥyā al-Sājī: 152 AH, khalīfah b. Khayyāṭ said: 153 AH, 152 AHابْنِ إِسْحَاقَصدوق يدلس ، ورمي بالتشيع والقدرعن
- truthful (ṣadūq), makes mistakes (yukhṭiʾ)d. 199 AHيُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍصدوق يخطئحدثنا
- Weak (ḍaʿīf), though his hearing of the biography (sīrah) is sound (ṣaḥīḥ)d. 270 AH or 271 AH or 272 AHأَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِضعيف ، وسماعه للسيرة صحيححدثنا
- d. 346 AHأَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَحدثنا
- d. 403 AH, or 405 AHأَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُأخبرنا
- d. 458 AHالبيهقي
Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com
Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.