al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Bayhaqi) 16183

Translation

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From Ibn ʿAbbās, regarding the saying of God: {فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ} and His saying: {وَلَمَنِ انْتَصَرَ بَعْدَ ظُلْمِهِ فَأُولَئِكَ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ} and His saying: {وَإِنْ عَاقَبْتُمْ فَعَاقِبُوا بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوقِبْتُمْ بِهِ} and His saying: {وَجَزَاءُ سَيِّئَةٍ سَيِّئَةٌ مِثْلُهَا}. This and the like was revealed in Mecca, when the Muslims were few and had no authority able to overpower the polytheists, and the polytheists would subject them to insults and harm. So God commanded the Muslims, whoever of them was wronged, to repay with the like of what was done to him, or to be patient and forgive, which is better. Then when the Messenger of God ﷺ emigrated to Medina, and God strengthened his authority, He commanded the Muslims to bring their grievances to their ruler, and not to transgress against one another like the people of the Jāhiliyyah. So He said: {وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا فَلا يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ مَنْصُورًا} He says: the ruler helps him until he obtains justice for him against his wrongdoer. Whoever takes revenge for himself without the ruler is disobedient and transgressing; he has acted out of the zeal of the Jāhiliyyah and has not accepted the judgement of God.

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