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العربية

al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Bayhaqi) 12838

✧ Clarification of the expenditure of spoils at the beginning of Islam

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( وَأَخْبَرَنَا ) أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي دَعْلَجُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ السِّجْزِيُّ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْبَصْرِيُّ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَهْضَمٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، ثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَشْدَقِ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَّامٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّ صَاحِبِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:

خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى بَدْرٍ، فَلَقِيَ الْعَدُوَّ، فَلَمَّا هَزَمَهُمُ اللهُ، اتَّبَعَهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَقْتُلُونَهُمْ، وَأَحْدَقَتْ طَائِفَةٌ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَاسْتَوْلَتْ طَائِفَةٌ بِالْعَسْكَرِ، فَلَمَّا كَفَى اللهُ الْعَدُوَّ، وَرَجَعَ الَّذِينَ قَتَلُوهُمْ، قَالُوا: لَنَا النَّفَلُ؛ نَحْنُ قَتَلْنَا الْعَدُوَّ، وَبِنَا نَفَاهُمُ اللهُ وَهَزَمَهُمْ، وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا أَحْدَقُوا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ: وَاللهِ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا، هُوَ لَنَا نَحْنُ أَحْدَقْنَا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يَنَالُ الْعَدُوُّ مِنْهُ غِرَّةً، وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اسْتَوْلَوْا عَلَى الْعَسْكَرِ: وَاللهِ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا، نَحْنُ اسْتَوْلَيْنَا عَلَى الْعَسْكَرِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الأَنْفَالُ لِلهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمْ عَنْ فُوَاقٍ

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Abū ʿAbdullāh al-Ḥāfiẓ
  2. Daʿlaj b. Aḥmad al-Sijzī
  3. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Muʿāwiyah al-Baṣrī
  4. Muḥammad b. Jahḍam al-Khurāsānī
  5. Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar
  6. ʿAbd al-Raḥman b. al-Ḥārith
  7. Sulaymān al-Ashdaq
  8. Makḥūl
  9. Abū Sallām
  10. Abū Umāmah al-Bāhilī Ṣāḥib Rasūl Allāh ﷺ
  11. ʿUbādah b. al-Ṣāmit

Machine translation, not reviewed

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out to Badr and met the enemy. When Allah defeated them, a group of the Muslims pursued them, killing them; a group encircled the Messenger of Allah ﷺ; and a group took control of the camp. When Allah had sufficed against the enemy, and those who had killed them returned, they said: "The spoils are ours; we killed the enemy, and through us Allah drove them off and defeated them." Those who had encircled the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "By Allah, you are not more deserving of it than we are. It is for us; we encircled the Messenger of Allah ﷺ so that the enemy could not catch him unaware." And those who had taken control of the camp said: "By Allah, you are not more deserving of it than we are; we took control of the camp." So Allah, Blessed and Exalted, revealed: {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الأَنْفَالُ لِلهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ} up to His saying {إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ}. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ divided it among them in equal shares.

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  • Dāraquṭnī

    والصواب قول من قال عن أبي أمامة عن عبادة بن الصامت

    machine translationThe correct version is the statement of the one who said: from Abū Umāmah, from ʿUbādah b. al-Ṣāmit.

    in سنن البيهقي الكبرى, p. 12838

Narrators

  1. ʿUbādah b. al-Ṣāmit
    Companion (ṣaḥābī)d. 32 AH, or: 34 AH, or: 45 AH
    عُبَادَة بْن الصَّامِتصحابي
    عن
  2. Abū Umāmah al-Bāhilī
    a well-known Companiond. Ismāʿīl b. ʿAyyāsh said: 81 AH. Abū al-Ḥasan al-Madāʾinī and more than one said: 86 AH
    أَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّصحابي مشهور
    عن
  3. Abū Sallām
    trustworthy (thiqah), he narrates mursal reports (yursil)d. between 101 and 110 AH
    أَبِي سَلَّامٍثقة يرسل
    عن
  4. Makḥūl b. Abī Muslim
    trustworthy (thiqah), a jurist (faqīh), frequently narrating with omission of the Companion (kathīr al-irsāl), well-known (mashhūr)d. 112 AH, or: 113 AH, or: 114 AH, or: 116 AH, Abū Saʿīd b. Yūnus said: it is said 118 AH
    مَكْحُولٍثقة فقيه ، كثير الإرسال ، مشهور
    عن
  5. Sulaymān b. Mūsá al-Ashdaq
    truthful (ṣadūq), jurist, there is some softness in his hadith, and his mind became confused shortly before his deathd. 115 AH, or 119 AH
    سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَشْدَقِصدوق , فقيه , في حديثه بعض لين , وخولط قبل موته بقليل
    عن
  6. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Ḥārith
    Truthful (ṣadūq) with some errors (awhām)d. 143 AH, or: at the beginning of Abū Jaʿfar's caliphate
    عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِصدوق له أوهام
    حدثني
  7. Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar
    trustworthy, precise (thiqah thabt)d. 180 AH
    إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍثقة ثبت
    حدثنا
  8. Muḥammad b. Jahḍam
    truthful (ṣadūq)d. between 201 AH and 210 AH
    مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَهْضَمٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّصدوق
    حدثنا
  9. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Muʿāwiyah
    truthful (ṣadūq), has errors (aghlāṭ)d. 284 AH
    عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْبَصْرِيُّصدوق ، له أغلاط
    حدثنا
  10. Daʿlaj b. Aḥmad
    d. Abū ʿAlī b. Shādhān and Ibn al-Faḍl al-Qaṭṭān said, and Ibn Abī al-Fawāris and others: 351 AH; Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥākim erred and said: 353 AH; al-Dhahabī said: the correct one is 351 AH
    دَعْلَجُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ السِّجْزِيُّ
    أخبرني
  11. al-Ḥākim
    d. 403 AH, or 405 AH
    أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ
    أخبرنا
  12. al-Bayhaqī
    d. 458 AH
    البيهقي

Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com

Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.

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