Musannaf 'Abd al-Razzaq 9840
✧ The Battle of Khaybar
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عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ:
لَمَّا انْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى أَتَى الْمَدِينَةَ فَغَزَا خَيْبَرَ مِنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ ﴿وَعَدَكُمُ اللهُ مَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً تَأْخُذُونَهَا فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَذِهِ ﴾إِلَى ﴿وَيَهْدِيَكُمْ صِرَاطًا مُسْتَقِيمًا ﴾فَلَمَّا فُتِحَتْ خَيْبَرُ جَعَلَهَا لِمَنْ غَزَا مَعَهُ الْحُدَيْبِيَةَ، وَبَايَعَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ مِمَّنْ كَانَ غَائِبًا وَشَاهِدًا، مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّ اللهَ كَانَ وَعَدَهُمْ إِيَّاهَا، وَخَمَّسَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ، مِمَّ قَسَمَ سَائِرَهَا مَغَانِمَ بَيْنَ مَنْ شَهِدَهَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَمَنْ غَابَ عَنْهَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ. وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، وَلَا لِأَصْحَابِهِ عُمَّالٌ يَعْمَلُونَ خَيْبَرَ، وَلَا يَزْرَعُونَهَا. قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: فَأَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ دَعَا يَهُودَ خَيْبَرَ، وَكَانُوا خَرَجُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَسِيرُوا مِنْهَا، فَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِمْ خَيْبَرَ عَلَى أَنْ يَعْمَلُوهَا عَلَى النِّصْفِ فَيُؤَدُّونَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَإِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ، وَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: أُقِرُّكُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَا أَقَرَّكُمُ اللهُ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَبْعَثُ إِلَيْهِمْ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ رَوَاحَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، فَيَخْرُصُ عَلَيْهِمُ النَّخْلَ حِينَ يَطِيبُ أَوَّلُ شَيْءٍ مِنْ تَمْرِهَا، قَبْلَ أَنْ يُؤْكَلَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ، ثُمَّ يُخَيِّرُ الْيَهُودَ أَيَأْخُذُونَهَا بِذَلِكَ الْخَرْصِ أَمْ يَدْفَعُونَهَا بِذَلِكَ الْخَرْصِ ؟ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: ثُمَّ اعْتَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ مِنَ الْمُدَّةِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ قُرَيْشٍ، وَخَلَّوْهَا لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، وَخَلَّفُوا حُوَيْطِبَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى الْقُرَشِيَّ ثُمَّ الْعَدَوِيَّ، وَأَمَرُوا إِذَا طَافَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ثَلَاثًا، أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ فَيَأْمُرَهُ أَنْ يَرْتَحِلَ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ صَالَحَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يَمْكُثَ ثَلَاثًا يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ، فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ حُوَيْطِبٌ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ، فَكَلَّمَهُ فِي الرَّحِيلِ، فَارْتَحَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَافِلًا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، ثُمَّ غَزَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْفَتْحَ: فَتْحَ مَكَّةَ. قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: فَأَخْبَرَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَرَجَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ مَعَهُ عَشَرَةُ آلَافٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَذَلِكَ عَلَى رَأْسِ ثَمَانِ سِنِينَ وَنِصْفٍ مِنْ مَقْدَمِهِ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَسَارَ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ يَصُومُ وَيَصُومُونَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ الْكَدِيدَ، وَهُوَ مَا بَيْنَ عُسْفَانَ وَقُدَيْدٍ فَأَفْطَرَ وَأَفْطَرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مَعَهُ فَلَمْ يَصُومُوا مِنْ بَقِيَّةِ رَمَضَانَ شَيْئًا. قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: فَكَانَ الْفِطْرُ آخِرَ الْأَمْرَيْنِ، وَإِنَّمَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْ أَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ الْآخِرُ فَالْآخِرُ قَالَ: فَفَتَحَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَكَّةَ لَيْلَةَ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ خَلَتْ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ.
Translation
✧ When the Messenger of God ﷺ returned and came to Madinah, he raided Khaybar from al-Hudaybiyah. God revealed to him: "God has promised you abundant spoils that you will take, and He hastened for you these" up to "and guide you to a straight path." When Khaybar was conquered, he assigned it to those who had gone with him to al-Hudaybiyah and pledged allegiance under the tree, whether absent or present, because God had promised them it. The Messenger of God ﷺ took a fifth of Khaybar, then divided the rest as spoils among those of the Muslims who had been present, and those absent from it among the people of al-Hudaybiyah. The Messenger of God ﷺ and his companions had no workers to work Khaybar or cultivate it. Al-Zuhri said: Sa'id b. al-Musayyab informed me that the Messenger of God ﷺ called the Jews of Khaybar, and they had gone out on condition that they would depart from it. He handed Khaybar to them on condition that they work it for half and deliver it to the Messenger of God ﷺ and his companions. The Messenger of God ﷺ said to them, 'I will keep you on that as long as God keeps you.' The Messenger of God ﷺ used to send 'Abdullah b. Rawahah al-Ansari to them, and he would estimate the palm trees when the first dates ripened, before any of them were eaten, then he would give the Jews the choice whether to take them according to that estimate or deliver them according to that estimate. Al-Zuhri said: Then the Messenger of God ﷺ performed 'umrah in Dhu al-Qa'dah of the term that was between him and Quraysh. They left it for the Messenger of God ﷺ and left behind Huwaytib b. 'Abd al-'Uzza al-Qurashi, then al-'Adawi. They ordered that when the Messenger of God ﷺ had circumambulated three times, he should come to him and order him to depart. The Messenger of God ﷺ had made peace with them on condition that he remain three days circumambulating the House. Huwaytib came to the Messenger of God ﷺ after three days and spoke to him about departing, so the Messenger of God ﷺ departed, returning to Madinah. Then the Messenger of God ﷺ raided the conquest: the conquest of Makkah. Al-Zuhri said: 'Ubaydullah b. 'Abdullah b. 'Utbah informed me from Ibn 'Abbas that the Prophet ﷺ left in the month of Ramadan from Madinah with ten thousand of the Muslims, and that was eight and a half years after his arrival in Madinah. He traveled with those with him of the Muslims to Makkah, fasting, and they fasted until he reached al-Kadid, which is between 'Usfan and Qudayd. Then he broke his fast and the Muslims broke their fast with him, and they did not fast any of the remainder of Ramadan. Al-Zuhri said: Breaking the fast was the latter of the two matters, and only the latter of the affairs of the Messenger of God ﷺ is followed. He said: The Messenger of God ﷺ conquered Makkah on the night of the thirteenth of Ramadan.
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