Musannaf 'Abd al-Razzaq 9839
✧ The Battle of the Confederates and Banu Qurayzah
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عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، ثُمَّ كَانَتْ وَقْعَةُ الْأَحْزَابِ بَعْدَ وَقْعَةِ أُحُدٍ بِسَنَتَيْنِ، وَذَلِكَ يَوْمُ الْخَنْدَقِ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ جَانِبَ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَرَأْسُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ، فَحَاصَرَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابَهُ بِضْعَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً، حَتَّى خَلُصَ إِلَى كُلِّ امْرِئٍ مِنْهُمُ الْكَرْبُ، وَحَتَّى قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: كَمَا أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ
اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَنْشُدُكَ عَهْدَكَ وَوَعْدَكَ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ إِنْ تَشَأْ أَنْ لَا تُعْبَدَ فَبَيْنَا هُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِذْ أَرْسَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَى عُيَيْنَةَ بْنِ حِصْنِ بْنِ بَدْرٍ الْفَزَارِيِّ، وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ رَأْسُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِنْ غَطَفَانَ، وَهُوَ مَعَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ جَعَلْتُ لَكَ ثُلُثَ ثَمَرِ الْأَنْصَارِ أَتَرْجِعُ بِمَنْ مَعَكَ مِنْ غَطَفَانَ ؟ وَتُخَذِّلُ بَيْنَ الْأَحْزَابِ ؟، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ عُيَيْنَةُ إِنْ جَعَلْتَ لِيَ الشَّطْرَ فَعَلْتُ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ وَهُوَ سَيِّدُ الْأَوْسِ، وَإِلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ وَهُوَ سَيِّدُ الْخَزْرَجِ فَقَالَ لَهُمَا: إِنَّ عُيَيْنَةَ بْنَ حِصْنٍ قَدْ سَأَلَنِي نِصْفَ ثَمَرِكُمَا عَلَى أَنْ يَنْصَرِفَ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ غَطَفَانَ، وَيُخَذِّلَ بَيْنَ الْأَحْزَابِ، وَإِنِّي قَدْ أَعْطَيْتُهُ الثُّلُثَ فَأَبَى إِلَّا الشَّطْرَ، فَمَاذَا تَرَيَانِ ؟ قَالَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنْ كُنْتَ أُمِرْتَ بِشَيْءٍ فَامْضِ لِأَمْرِ اللهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: لَوْ كُنْتُ أُمِرْتُ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ أَسْتَأْمِرْكُمَا، وَلَكِنْ هَذَا رَأْيِي أَعْرِضُهُ عَلَيْكُمَا قَالَا: فَإِنَّا لَا نَرَى أَنْ نُعْطِيَهُ إِلَّا السَّيْفَ قَالَ: فَنِعْمَ إِذًا قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ: فَأَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا لَهُ: وَاللهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَقَدْ كَانَ أَفُلَانَ حِينَ جَاءَ اللهُ بِالْإِسْلَامِ نُعْطِيهِمْ ذَلِكَ، قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: فَنِعْمَ إِذًا. قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: فَبَيْنَا هُمْ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ جَاءَهُمْ نُعَيْمُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ، وَكَانَ يَأْمَنُهُ الْفَرِيقَانِ، كَانَ مُوادِعًا لَهُمَا فَقَالَ: إِنِّي كُنْتُ عِنْدَ عُيَيْنَةَ وَأَبِي سُفْيَانَ إِذْ جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولُ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ: أَنِ اثْبُتُوا، فَإِنَّا سَنُخَالِفُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَى بَيْضَتِهِمْ، قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: فَلَعَلَّنَا أَمَرْنَاهُمْ بِذَلِكَ، وَكَانَ نُعَيْمٌ رَجُلًا لَا يَكْتُمُ الْحَدِيثَ، فَقَامَ بِكَلِمَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَجَاءَهُ عُمَرُ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنْ كَانَ هَذَا الْأَمْرُ مِنَ اللهِ فَأَمْضِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ رَأْيًا مِنْكَ فَإِنَّ شَأْنَ قُرَيْشٍ وَبَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ أَهْوَنُ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِأَحَدٍ عَلَيْكَ فِيهِ مَقَالٌ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: عَلَيَّ الرَّجُلَ رُدُّوهُ فَرَدُّوهُ فَقَالَ: انْظُرِ الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَا لَكَ، فَلَا تَذْكُرْهُ لِأَحَدٍ فَإِنَّمَا أَغْرَاهُ فَانْطَلَقَ حَتَّى أَتَى عُيَيْنَةَ وَأَبَا سُفْيَانَ فَقَالَ: هَلْ سَمِعْتُمْ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ يَقُولُ قَوْلًا إِلَّا كَانَ حَقًّا ؟ قَالَا: لَا قَالَ: فَإِنِّي لَمَّا ذَكَرْتُ لَهُ شَأْنَ قُرَيْظَةَ قَالَ: فَلَعَلَّنَا أَمَرْنَاهُمْ بِذَلِكَ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ: سَنَعْلَمُ ذَلِكَ إِنْ كَانَ مَكْرًا، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ أَنَّكُمْ قَدْ أَمَرْتُمُونَا أَنْ نَثْبُتَ، وَأَنَّكُمْ سَتُخَالِفُونَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَى بَيْضَتِهِمْ، فَأَعْطُونَا بِذَلِكَ رَهِينَةً فَقَالُوا: إِنَّهَا قَدْ دَخَلَتْ لَيْلَةُ السَّبْتِ، وَإِنَّا لَا نَقْضِي فِي السَّبْتِ شَيْئًا فَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ إِنَّكُمْ فِي مَكْرٍ مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، فَارْتَحِلُوا، وَأَرْسَلَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الرِّيحَ، وَقَذَفَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ، فَأَطْفَأَتْ نِيرَانَهُمْ وَقَطَعَتْ أَرْسَانَ خُيُولِهِمْ، وَانْطَلَقُوا مُنْهَزِمِينَ مِنْ غَيْرِ قِتَالٍ قَالَ: فَذَلِكَ حِينَ يَقُولُ: وَكَفَى اللهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْقِتَالَ وَكَانَ اللهُ قَوِيًّا عَزِيزًا قَالَ: فَنَدَبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَصْحَابَهُ فِي طَلَبِهِمْ، فَطَلَبُوهُمْ حَتَّى بَلَغُوا حَمْرَاءَ الْأَسَدِ قَالَ: فَرَجَعُوا قَالَ: فَوَضَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَأْمَتَهُ، وَاغْتَسَلَ وَاسْتَجْمَرَ، فَنَادَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ جِبْرِيلُ: عَذِيرَكَ مِنْ مُحَارِبٍ، أَلَا أَرَاكَ قَدْ وَضَعْتَ اللَّأْمَةَ، وَلَمْ نَضَعْهَا نَحْنُ بَعْدُ فَقَامَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَزِعًا فَقَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: عَزَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَلَّا تُصَلُّوا الْعَصْرَ حَتَّى تَأْتُوا بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، فَغَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْتُوهَا، فَقَالَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمْ يُرِدْ أَنْ تَدَعُوا الصَّلَاةَ فَصَلُّوا، وَقَالَتْ طَائِفَةٌ: إِنَّا لَفِي عَزِيمَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَمَا عَلَيْنَا مِنْ بَأْسٍ، فَصَلَّتْ طَائِفَةٌ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا، وَتَرَكَتْ طَائِفَةٌ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا، قَالَ: فَلَمْ يُعَنِّفِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَاحِدًا مِنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ، وَخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَمَرَّ بِمَجَالِسَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، فَقَالَ: هَلْ مَرَّ بِكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ ؟ فَقَالُوا: نَعَمْ، مَرَّ عَلَيْنَا دِحْيَةُ الْكَلْبِيُّ عَلَى بَغْلَةٍ شَهْبَاءَ تَحْتَهُ قَطِيفَةُ دِيبَاجٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ وَلَكِنَّهُ جِبْرِيلُ، أُرْسِلَ إِلَى بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ لِيُزَلْزِلَ حُصُونَهُمْ، وَيَقْذِفَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ فَحَاصَرَهُمْ أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَسْتُرُوهُ بِجُحَفِهِمْ لِيَقُوهُ الْحِجَارَةَ، حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ كَلَامَهُمْ، فَفَعَلُوا فَنَادَاهُمْ: يَا إِخْوَةَ الْقِرَدَةِ وَالْخَنَازِيرِ فَقَالُوا: يَا أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ مَا كُنْتَ فَاحِشًا فَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقَاتِلَهُمْ، فَأَبَوْا أَنْ يُجِيبُوهُ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، حَتَّى نَزَلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ، وَأَبَوْا أَنْ يَنْزِلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَنَزَلُوا عَلَى دَاءٍ فَأَقْبَلُوا بِهِمْ، وَسَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ أَسِيرًا عَلَى أَتَانٍ، حَتَّى انْتَهَوْا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، فَأَخَذَتْ قُرَيْظَةُ تُذَكِّرُهُ بِحِلْفِهِمْ، وَطَفِقَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ يَنْفَلِتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مُسْتَأْمِرًا، يَنْتَظِرُهُ فِيمَا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَحْكُمَ بِهِ، فَيُجِيبُ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَقُولَ: انْفِرْ بِمَا أَنَا حَاكِمٌ، وَطَفِقَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ بِقَوْلِ: نَعَمْ قَالَ سَعْدٌ: فَإِنِّي أَحْكُمُ بِأَنْ يُقْتَلَ مُقَاتِلَتُهُمْ، وَتُقَسَّمَ أَمْوَالُهُمْ، وَتُسْبَى ذَرَارِيَّهُمْ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: أَصَابَ الْحُكْمَ قَالَ: وَكَانَ حُيَيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ اسْتَجَاشَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، فَجَلَاكَ لِبَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، فَاسْتَفْتَحَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَيْلًا، فَقَالَ سَيِّدُهُمْ: إِنَّ هَذَا رَجُلٌ مَشْئُومٌ، فَلَا يَشْأَمَنَّكُمْ حُيَيٌّ، فَنَادَاهُمْ يَا بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ أَلَا تَسْتَجِيبُوا ؟ أَلَا تُلْحِقُونِي ؟ أَلَا تُضَيِّفُونِي ؟ فَإِنِّي جَامِعٌ مَغْرُورٌ، فَقَالَتْ بَنُو قُرَيْظَةَ: وَاللهِ لَنَفْتَحَنَّ لَهُ، فَلَمْ يَزَالُوا حَتَّى فَتَحُوا لَهُ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ أُطُمَهُمْ قَالَ: يَا بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ جِئْتُكُمْ فِي عَزِّ الدَّهْرِ، جِئْتُكُمْ فِي عَارِضِ بَرْدٍ لَا يَقُومُ لِسَبِيلِهِ شَيْءٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ سَيِّدُهُمْ: أَتَعِدُنَا عَارِضًا بَرْدًا يَنْكَشِفُ عَنَّا، وَتَدَعُنَا عِنْدَ بَحْرٍ دَائِمٍ لَا يُفَارِقُنَا، إِنَّمَا تَعِدُنَا الْغُرُورَ قَالَ: فَوَاثَقَهُمْ وَعَاهَدَهُمْ لَإِنِ انْفَضَّتْ جُمُوعُ الْأَحْزَابِ أَنْ يَجِيئَ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ مَعَهُمْ أُطُمَهُمْ، فَأَطَاعُوهُ حِينَئِذٍ بِالْغَدْرِ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَلَمَّا فَضَّ اللهُ جُمُوعَ الْأَحْزَابَ انْطَلَقَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِالرَّوْحَاءِ، ذَكَرَ الْعَهْدَ وَالْمِيثَاقَ الَّذِي أَعْطَاهُمْ، فَرَجَعَ حَتَّى دَخَلَ مَعَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا أَقْبَلَتْ بَنُو قُرَيْظَةَ أُتِيَ بِهِ مَكْتُوفًا بِقِدٍّ فَقَالَ حُيَيٌّ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَمَا وَاللهِ مَا لُمْتُ نَفْسِي فِي عَدَاوَتِكَ، وَلَكِنَّهُ مَنْ يَخْذُلِ اللهَ يُخْذَلْ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَضُرِبَتْ عُنُقُهُ.
Translation
✧ O God, I adjure You by Your covenant and Your promise. O God, if You will that You not be worshiped... While they were in that state, the Prophet ﷺ sent to 'Uyaynah b. Hisn b. Badr al-Fazari, who was then the chief of the polytheists of Ghatafan and was with Abu Sufyan: 'What do you think if I give you a third of the produce of the Ansar; will you withdraw with those of Ghatafan who are with you and cause dissension among the confederates?' 'Uyaynah sent back: 'If you give me half, I will do it.' The Prophet sent for Sa'd b. Mu'adh, the chief of the Aws, and Sa'd b. 'Ubadah, the chief of the Khazraj, and said to them, 'Uyaynah b. Hisn has asked me for half of your produce on condition that he withdraw with those of Ghatafan who are with him and cause dissension among the confederates. I offered him a third, but he refused except half. What do you think?' They said, 'O Messenger of God, if you have been commanded something, carry out God's command.' The Messenger of God ﷺ said, 'If I had been commanded something, I would not consult you. But this is my opinion; I present it to you.' They said, 'We do not think we should give him anything but the sword.' He said, 'Good then.' Ma'mar said: Ibn Abi Najih informed me that they said to him, 'By God, O Messenger of God, when God brought Islam, we used to give them that.' The Prophet ﷺ said, 'Good then.' Al-Zuhri said in his hadith from Ibn al-Musayyab: While they were thus, Nu'aym b. Mas'ud al-Ashja'i came to them. Both parties trusted him; he had a truce with them. He said, 'I was with 'Uyaynah and Abu Sufyan when the messenger of Banu Qurayzah came to them: "Hold firm, for we will come upon the Muslims from behind their homes."' The Prophet ﷺ said, 'Perhaps we ordered them to do that.' Nu'aym was a man who did not conceal a conversation, so he acted upon the word of the Prophet ﷺ. 'Umar came to him and said, 'O Messenger of God, if this matter is from God, carry it out. If it is an opinion of yours, then the affair of Quraysh and Banu Qurayzah is less than that anyone should have a say over you in it.' The Prophet ﷺ said, 'Bring the man back.' They brought him back, and he said, 'Consider what we mentioned to you; do not mention it to anyone, for that only incited him.' He went until he came to 'Uyaynah and Abu Sufyan and said, 'Have you ever heard Muhammad say a statement except that it was true?' They said, 'No.' He said, 'When I mentioned to him the matter of Qurayzah, he said, "Perhaps we ordered them to do that."' Abu Sufyan said, 'We will know that if it is a scheme.' He sent to Banu Qurayzah: 'You ordered us to hold firm and said you would come upon the Muslims from behind their homes. Give us hostages for that.' They said, 'The night of the Sabbath has begun, and we do not decide anything on the Sabbath.' Abu Sufyan said, 'You are in a scheme from Banu Qurayzah, so depart.' God sent the wind upon them and cast terror into their hearts. It extinguished their fires and cut the ropes of their horses. They departed defeated without fighting. He said: That is when He says: "And God sufficed the believers in battle, and God is ever Strong and Mighty." He said: The Prophet ﷺ called upon his companions to pursue them, so they pursued them until they reached Hamra' al-Asad. He said: Then they returned. He said: The Prophet ﷺ laid down his armor, bathed, and used perfume. Then Gabriel called to the Prophet ﷺ: 'Your excuse from a fighter! Do I not see that you have laid down your armor while we have not yet laid ours down?' The Prophet ﷺ stood up in alarm and said to his companions, 'I adjure you not to pray 'Asr until you reach Banu Qurayzah.' The sun set before they reached them. A group of the Muslims said, 'The Prophet ﷺ did not intend that you abandon prayer, so pray.' Another group said, 'We are under the Prophet's ﷺ adjuration, and there is no harm upon us.' One group prayed out of faith and seeking reward, and another group omitted it out of faith and seeking reward. He said: The Prophet ﷺ did not blame either of the two parties. The Prophet ﷺ went out and passed by gatherings between him and Banu Qurayzah and said, 'Has anyone passed by you?' They said, 'Yes, Dihyah al-Kalbi passed by us on a gray mule with a brocade saddlecloth beneath him.' The Prophet ﷺ said, 'That was not he, but Gabriel, sent to Banu Qurayzah to shake their fortresses and cast terror into their hearts.' The companions of the Prophet ﷺ besieged them. When the companions of the Prophet ﷺ arrived, he ordered them to cover him with their shields to protect him from stones so he could hear their words. They did so, and he called to them, 'O brothers of apes and pigs.' They said, 'O Abu al-Qasim, you were not one to use obscene language.' He called them to Islam before fighting them, but they refused to answer him to Islam. The Messenger of God ﷺ fought them and those with him of the Muslims until they submitted to the judgment of Sa'd b. Mu'adh, and they refused to submit to the judgment of the Prophet ﷺ. They submitted to a disease, and they were brought forward while Sa'd b. Mu'adh was carried on a donkey until they reached the Messenger of God ﷺ. Qurayzah began reminding him of their alliance, and Sa'd b. Mu'adh kept turning to the Messenger of God ﷺ seeking instruction, waiting for him regarding what he intended to judge, and the Messenger of God ﷺ would answer him, intending to say, 'Proceed with what I am judging.' The Messenger of God ﷺ kept saying, 'Yes.' Sa'd said, 'I judge that their warriors be killed, their wealth be divided, and their women and children be taken captive.' The Prophet ﷺ said, 'You have hit upon the right judgment.' He said: Huyayy b. Akhtab had summoned the polytheists against the Messenger of God ﷺ and then came to Banu Qurayzah. He sought to enter upon them at night, but their chief said, 'This is an ill-omened man; do not let Huyayy bring misfortune upon you.' He called to them, 'O Banu Qurayzah, will you not respond? Will you not admit me? Will you not host me? I am a gathering deceived.' Banu Qurayzah said, 'By God, we will open for him.' They continued until they opened for him. When he entered their fortress, he said, 'O Banu Qurayzah, I have come to you in the might of time. I have come to you with a cold cloud that nothing can withstand.' Their chief said to him, 'You promise us a passing cold cloud that will lift from us, and you leave us at a lasting sea that will not leave us. You only promise us deception.' He said: He made a covenant with them and pledged that if the gatherings of the confederates dispersed, he would come and enter their fortress with them. They obeyed him then with treachery against the Prophet ﷺ and the Muslims. When God dispersed the gatherings of the confederates, he set out until he was at al-Rawha', then he remembered the covenant and pact he had given them, so he returned and entered with them. When Banu Qurayzah were brought, he was brought bound with leather straps. Huyayy said to the Prophet ﷺ, 'Indeed, by God, I do not blame myself for my enmity toward you, but whoever God forsakes will be forsaken.' The Prophet ﷺ ordered him, and his neck was struck.
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