Musannaf 'Abd al-Razzaq 9826
✧ Abu Sufyan in the Story of Heraclius
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عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سُفْيَانَ، مِنْ فِيهِ إِلَى فِيَّ قَالَ:
انْطَلَقْتُ فِي الْمُدَّةِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، قَالَ: فَبَيْنَا أَنَا بِالشَّامِ إِذْ جِيءَ بِكِتَابٍ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى هِرَقْلَ قَالَ: وَكَانَ دِحْيَةُ الْكَلْبِيُّ جَاءَ بِهِ فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَى عَظِيمِ بُصْرَى، فَدَفَعَهُ عَظِيمُ بُصْرَى إِلَى هِرَقْلَ فَقَالَ هِرَقْلُ: أَهَاهُنَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ قَوْمِ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَدُعِيتُ فِي نَفَرٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، فَدَخَلْنَا عَلَى هِرَقْلَ فَجَلَسْنَا إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: أَيُّكُمْ أَقْرَبُ نَسَبًا مِنْ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ ؟ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ: قُلْتُ: أَنَا، فَأَجْلَسُونِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، وَأَجْلَسُوا أَصْحَابِي خَلْفِي، ثُمَّ دَعَا بِتَرْجُمَانِهِ فَقَالَ: قُلْ لَهُمْ إِنِّي سَائِلٌ هَذَا عَنْ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ، فَإِنْ كَذَبَ فَكَذِّبُوهُ، قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ: وَايْمُ اللهِ لَوْلَا أَنْ يُؤْثَرَ عَلَيَّ الْكَذِبُ لَكَذَبْتُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِتَرْجُمَانِهِ: سَلْهُ كَيْفَ حَسَبُهُ فِيكُمْ ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: هُوَ فِينَا ذُو حَسَبٍ قَالَ: فَهَلْ كَانَ مِنْ آبَائِهِ مَلِكٌ ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: لَا قَالَ: فَهَلْ كُنْتُمْ تَتَّهِمُونَهُ بِالْكَذِبِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَهُ ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: لَا، قَالَ: فَمَنِ اتَّبَعَهُ ؟ أَشْرَافُكُمْ أَمْ ضُعَفَاؤُكُمْ ؟ قُلْتُ: بَلْ ضُعَفَاؤُنَا قَالَ: هَلْ يَزِيدُونَ أَمْ يَنْقُصُونَ ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: لَا بَلْ يَزِيدُونَ، قَالَ: هَلْ يَرْتَدُّ أَحَدٌ عَنْ دِينِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِيهِ سَخْطَةً لَهُ ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا، قَالَ: فَهَلْ قَاتَلْتُمُوهُ ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ قِتَالُكُمْ إِيَّاهُ ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَكُونُ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُ سِجَالًا يُصِيبُ مِنَّا، وَنُصِيبُ مِنْهُ، قَالَ: فَهَلْ يَغْدِرُ ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا، وَنَحْنُ مِنْهُ فِي هُدْنَةٍ لَا نَدْرِي مَا هُوَ صَانِعٌ فِيهَا قَالَ: فَوَاللهِ مَا أَمْكَنَنِي مِنْ كَلِمَةٍ أُدْخِلُ فِيهَا غَيْرَ هَذِهِ قَالَ: فَهَلْ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ أَحَدٌ قَبْلَهُ ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا، قَالَ لِتَرْجُمَانِهِ: قُلْ لَهُ إِنِّي سَأَلْتُكُمْ عَنْ حَسَبِهِ فَقُلْتَ: إِنَّهُ فِينَا ذُو حَسَبٍ، وَكَذَلِكَ الرُّسُلُ تُبْعَثُ فِي أَحْسَابِ قَوْمِهَا، وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ كَانَ فِي آبَائِهِ مَلِكٌ ؟ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ: لَا، فَقُلْتُ: لَوْ كَانَ مِنْ آبَائِهِ مَلِكٌ قُلْتُ رَجُلٌ يَطْلُبُ مُلْكَ آبَائِهِ، وَسَأَلْتُكَ عَنْ أَتْبَاعِهِ أَضُعَفَاؤُهُمْ أَمْ أَشِدَّاؤُهُمْ ؟ قَالَ: فَقُلْتَ: بَلْ ضُعَفَاؤُهُمْ، وَهُمْ أَتْبَاعُ الرُّسُلِ، وَسَأَلْتُكَ: هَلْ كُنْتُمْ تَتَّهِمُونَهُ بِالْكَذِبِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ مَا قَالَ ؟ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ: لَا، فَقَدْ عَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيَدَعَ الْكَذِبَ عَلَى النَّاسِ، ثُمَّ يَذْهَبَ فَيَكْذِبَ عَلَى اللهِ وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ يَرْتَدُّ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِيهِ سَخْطَةً لَهُ ؟ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ: لَا، وَكَذَلِكَ الْإِيمَانُ إِذَا خَالَطَ بَشَاشَةَ الْقُلُوبِ، وَسَأَلْتُكَ: هَلْ يَزِيدُونَ أَمْ يَنْقُصُونَ ؟ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنَّهُمْ يَزِيدُونَ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْإِيمَانُ لَا يَزَالُ إِلَى أَنْ يَتِمَّ، وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ قَاتَلْتُمُوهُ ؟ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنَّكُمْ قَاتَلْتُمُوهُ، فَيَكُونُ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُ سِجَالًا، يَنَالُ مِنْكُمْ وَتَنَالُونَ مِنْهُ، وَكَذَلِكَ الرُّسُلُ تُبْتَلَى، ثُمَّ تَكُونُ لَهُمُ الْعَاقِبَةُ، وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ يَغْدِرُ ؟ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَغْدِرُ وَكَذَلِكَ الرُّسُلُ لَا تَغْدِرُ، وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ قَالَ أَحَدٌ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ قَبْلَهُ ؟ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ لَا، فَقُلْتُ: لَوْ كَانَ هَذَا الْقَوْلُ قَالَهُ أَحَدٌ قَبْلَهُ قُلْتُ: رَجُلٌ ائْتَمَّ بِقَوْلٍ قِيلَ قَبْلَهُ قَالَ: بِمَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ ؟ قُلْتَ: يَأْمُرُنَا بِالصَّلَاةِ، وَالزَّكَاةِ، وَالْعَفَافِ، وَالصِّلَةِ قَالَ: إِنْ يَكُ مَا تَقُولُهُ حَقًّا فَإِنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ، وَإِنِّي كُنْتُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ لَخَارِجٌ، وَلَمْ أَكُنْ أَظُنُّهُ مِنْكُمْ، وَلَوْ كُنْتُ أَعْلَمُ أَنِّي أَخْلُصُ إِلَيْهِ لَأَحْبَبْتُ لِقَاءَهُ، وَلَوْ كُنْتُ عِنْدَهُ لَغَسَلْتُ عَنْ قَدَمَيْهِ، وَلَيَبْلُغَنَّ مُلْكُهُ مَا تَحْتَ قَدَمَيَّ قَالَ: ثُمَّ دَعَا بِكِتَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، فَقَرَأَهُ، فَإِذَا فِيهِ ﴿بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴾، مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللهِ إِلَى هِرَقْلَ عَظِيمِ الرُّومِ، سَلَامٌ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَى، أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنِّي أَدْعُوكَ بِدِعَايَةِ الْإِسْلَامِ، أَسْلِمْ تَسْلَمْ، وَأَسْلِمْ يُؤْتِكَ اللهُ أَجْرَكَ مَرَّتَيْنِ، وَإِنْ تَوَلَّيْتَ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْكَ إِثْمَ الْأَرِيسِيِّينَ وَ يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ تَعَالَوْا إِلَى كَلِمَةٍ سَوَاءٍ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ أَلا نَعْبُدَ إِلا اللهَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ اشْهَدُوا بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ قِرَاءَةِ الْكِتَابِ ارْتَفَعَتِ الْأَصْوَاتُ عِنْدَهُ وَكَثُرَ اللَّغَطُ وَأُمِرَ بِنَا فَأُخْرِجْنَا قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لِأَصْحَابِي حِينَ خَرَجْنَا: لَقَدْ أَمِرَ أَمْرُ ابْنِ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ، حَتَّى أَدْخَلَ اللهُ عَلَيَّ الْإِسْلَامَ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: فَدَعَا هِرَقْلُ عُظَمَاءَ الرُّومِ فَجَمَعَهُمْ فِي دَارٍ لَهُ فَقَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الرُّومِ هَلْ لَكُمْ إِلَى الْفَلَاحِ وَالرُّشْدِ آخِرَ الْأَبَدِ ؟ وَأَنْ يَثْبُتَ لَكُمْ مُلْكُكُمْ ؟ قَالَ: فَحَاصُوا حَيْصَةَ حُمُرِ الْوَحْشِ إِلَى الْأَبْوَابِ فَوَجَدُوهَا قَدْ غُلِّقَتْ قَالَ: فَدَعَاهُمْ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي اخْتَبَرْتُ شِدَّتَكُمْ عَلَى دِينِكُمْ فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ مِنْكُمُ الَّذِي أَحْبَبْتُ فَسَجَدُوا لَهُ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ.
Translation
✧ I went during the truce that was between us and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. While I was in Syria, a letter from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was brought to Heraclius. Dihyah al-Kalbi brought it and handed it to the governor of Busra, and the governor of Busra handed it to Heraclius. Heraclius said: "Is there anyone here from the people of this man who claims to be a prophet?" They said: "Yes." So I was summoned with a group of Quraysh. We entered upon Heraclius and sat with him. He said: "Which of you is closest in kinship to this man who claims to be a prophet?" Abu Sufyan said: "I said: 'I am.' So they seated me before him and seated my companions behind me. Then he called for his translator and said: 'Tell them that I am going to ask this man about this man who claims to be a prophet. If he lies, then call him a liar.'" Abu Sufyan said: "By Allah, if I did not fear that lying would be reported about me, I would have lied." Then he said to his translator: "Ask him: How is his lineage among you?" I said: "He is of noble lineage among us." He said: "Was there any king among his forefathers?" I said: "No." He said: "Did you ever accuse him of lying before he said what he said?" I said: "No." He said: "Who follows him: your nobles or your weak?" I said: "Rather our weak." He said: "Are they increasing or decreasing?" I said: "No, they are increasing." He said: "Does anyone turn back from his religion after entering it, out of displeasure with him?" I said: "No." He said: "Have you fought him?" I said: "Yes." He said: "How is your fighting with him?" I said: "The war between us and him alternates: he strikes us and we strike him." He said: "Does he betray?" I said: "No. We are in a truce with him, and we do not know what he will do in it." He said: "By Allah, I could not insert any word other than this." He said: "Did anyone say this saying before him?" I said: "No." He said to his translator: "Tell him: I asked you about his lineage, and you said he is of noble lineage among you. Likewise messengers are sent from the noblest lineages of their people. I asked you whether there was any king among his forefathers, and you claimed no. So I say: If there had been a king among his forefathers, I would say he is a man seeking the kingdom of his forefathers. I asked you about his followers, whether they are their weak or their strong, and you said rather their weak. They are the followers of messengers. I asked you: Did you accuse him of lying before he said what he said? And you claimed no. So I know that he would not refrain from lying about people and then go and lie about Allah. I asked you whether anyone turns back from his religion after entering it out of displeasure with him, and you claimed no. Likewise faith, when it mixes with the sweetness of the hearts. I asked you whether they increase or decrease, and you claimed they increase. Likewise faith continues until it is complete. I asked you whether you have fought him, and you claimed you have fought him, and the war between you and him alternates, he strikes you and you strike him. Likewise messengers are tested, and then the final outcome is theirs. I asked you whether he betrays, and you claimed he does not betray. Likewise messengers do not betray. I asked you whether anyone said this saying before him, and you claimed no. So I say: If anyone had said this saying before him, I would say he is a man following a saying that was said before him. He said: 'What does he command you?' You said: 'He commands us to prayer, almsgiving, chastity, and keeping ties of kinship.' He said: 'If what you say is true, then he is a prophet. I knew that he would appear, but I did not think he would be from among you. If I knew I could reach him, I would love to meet him. If I were with him, I would wash his feet. His kingdom will reach what is beneath my two feet.'" He said: Then he called for the letter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and read it. In it was: "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, to Heraclius, the ruler of the Romans. Peace upon those who follow guidance. To proceed: I call you with the call of Islam. Submit and you will be safe. Submit, and Allah will give you your reward twice. If you turn away, then upon you is the sin of the peasants. 'O People of the Book, come to a word common between us and you: that we worship none but Allah' up to His saying 'bear witness that we are Muslims.'" When he finished reading the letter, voices rose before him, and there was much clamor. We were ordered to leave, so we were taken out. I said to my companions when we left: "The affair of Ibn Abi Kabshah has become serious, until Allah brought Islam upon me." Al-Zuhri said: Then Heraclius called the nobles of the Romans and gathered them in a house of his. He said: "O assembly of Romans, will you accept success and guidance forever, and that your kingdom remain firmly yours?" They bolted like wild donkeys toward the doors and found them locked. He called them back and said: "I only tested your firmness in your religion. I have seen from you what I love." So they prostrated to him and were pleased with him.
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