Musannaf 'Abd al-Razzaq 6875
✧ What is counted and how charity is collected
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عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ:
أُخْبِرْتُ عَنْ بَعْضِ الْأَنْصَارِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ كَتَبَ إِلَى بَعْضِ عُمَّالِهِ كِتَابًا يَعْهَدُ إِلَيْهِ: خُذِ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ طُهْرَةً لِأَعْمَالِهِمْ، وَزَكَاةً لِأَمْوَالِهِمْ، وَحُكْمًا مِنْ أَحْكَامِ اللهِ، الْعَدَاءُ فِيهَا حَيْفٌ، وَظُلْمٌ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَالتَّقْصِيرُ عَنْهَا مُدَاهَنَةٌ فِي الْحَقِّ، وَخِيَانَةٌ لِلْأَمَانَةِ، فَادْعُ النَّاسَ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ إِلَى أَرْفَقِ الْمَجَامِعِ، وَأَقْرَبِهَا إِلَى مَصَالِحِهِمْ، وَلَا تَحْبِسِ النَّاسَ أَوَّلَهُمْ لِآخِرِهِمْ، فَإِنَّ الرَّجَزَ لِلْمَاشِيَةِ عَلَيْهَا شَدِيدَةٌ، عَلَيْهَا مَهِلَاتٌ، وَلَا تَسُقْهَا مَسَاقًا يُبْعِدُ بِهَا الْكَلَأَ وِرْدَهَا، فَإِذَا أَوْقَفَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَيْكَ غَنَمَهُ فَلَا تَعْتَمْ مِنْ غَنَمِهِ، وَلَا تَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَدْنَاهَا، وَخُذِ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنْ أَوْسَطِهَا، وَلَا تَأْخُذْ مِنْ رَجُلٍ إِنْ لَمْ تَجِدْ فِي إِبِلِهِ السِّنَّ الَّتِي عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا تِلْكَ السِّنَّ مِنْ شَرْوَى إِبِلِهِ، أَوْ قِيمَةَ عِدْلٍ، وَانْظُرْ ذَوَاتِ الدَّرِّ وَالْمَاخِضَ مِمَّا تَجِبُ مِنْهُ الصَّدَقَةُ فَتَنَكَّبْ عَنْهَا عَنْ مَصَالِحِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَإِنَّهَا مَالُ حَاضِرِهِمْ، وَزَادُ مُغْرِبِهِمْ - أَوْ مُعَدِّيهِمْ - وَذَخِيرَةُ زَمَانِهِمْ، ثُمَّ اقْسِمْ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ، وَابْدَأْ بِضَعَفَةِ الْمَسْكَنَةِ، وَالْأَيْتَامِ، وَالْأَرَامِلِ، وَالشُّيُوخِ، فَمَنِ اجْتَمَعَ لَكَ مِنَ الْمَسَاكِينِ فَكَانُوا أَهْلَ بَيْتٍ يَتَعَاقَبُونَ، وَيَتَحَامَلُونَ فَاقْسِمْ لَهُمْ مَا كَانَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ يَتَعَاقَبُوهُ حَمْلَهُمْ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ امْنَحْهُمْ، وَمَنْ كَانَ فَذًّا فَلَا تَنْقُصْ كُلَّ خَمْسَةٍ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ فَرَيْضَةٍ أَوْ عَشْرٍ شَيْئًا إِلَى خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ.
Translation
✧ I was told from one of the Ansar that Umar b. al-Khattab wrote to one of his governors a letter instructing him: Take zakah from the Muslims as a purification for their deeds and a purification for their wealth, and as one of God's ordinances. Exceeding it is injustice and wrongdoing to the Muslims, and falling short of it is compromising the truth and betraying the trust. Call the people with their wealth to the gentlest gathering places and the closest to their best interests. Do not keep the first of them waiting for the last, for crowding is hard on livestock and it has hardships. Do not drive them in a way that makes their watering place far from pasture. When a man presents his flock to you, do not take the best of his sheep, and do not take from the lowest of them. Take zakah from the middle of them. Do not take from a man if you do not find in his camels the age that is due from him except that same age from the best of his camels or an equivalent value. And look at the milk-producing and pregnant ones among those from which zakah is due and avoid them for the benefit of the Muslims, for they are the wealth of their present, the provision of their travelers — or their raiders — and the reserve of their time. Then distribute to the poor, beginning with the weak among the destitute, the orphans, the widows, and the elderly. Whoever of the poor comes together to you as a household who take turns and help one another, distribute to them camels that they may take turns carrying them. If it is sheep, give them as a grant. Whoever is alone, do not reduce every five of them from a share or ten of anything up to fifteen sheep.
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