Musannaf 'Abd al-Razzaq 10338
✧ Marriage, divorce, and taking back without evidence
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عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ قَالَ:
قَضَى اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ فِي الشُّهَدَاءِ بِأَرْبَعَةٍ عَلَى الزِّنَا، فَمَا شَهِدَ دُونَ أَرْبَعَةٍ عَلَى الزِّنَا جُلِدُوا. فَإِنْ شَهِدَ أَرْبَعَةٌ عَلَى مُحْصَنَيْنِ رُجِمَا، وَإِنْ شَهِدُوا عَلَى بِكْرَيْنِ جُلِدَا، كَمَا قَالَ اللهُ: مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ وَلا تَأْخُذْكُمْ بِهِمَا رَأْفَةٌ فِي دِينِ اللهِ وَغُرِّبَا سَنَةً غَيْرَ الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي كَانَا بِهَا، وَتَغْرِيبُهُمَا شَتَّى. وَإِنْ شَهِدُوا عَلَى بِكْرٍ وَمُحْصَنٍ جُلِدَ الْبِكْرُ، وَرُجِمَ الْمُحْصَنُ، فَلَا تُقْبَلُ شَهَادَةُ ثَلَاثَةٍ وَلَا اثْنَيْنِ وَلَا وَاحِدٍ، وَيُجْلَدُونَ ثَمَانِينَ ثَمَانِينَ، وَلَا تُقْبَلُ لَهُمْ شَهَادَةٌ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْهُمْ تَوْبَةٌ نَصُوحٌ، وَإِصْلَاحٌ. وَعَلَى الطَّلَاقِ شَهِيدَانِ، وَعَلَى النِّكَاحِ شَهِيدَانِ، وَعَلَى الْخَمْرِ شَهِيدَانِ، ثُمَّ يُجْلَدُ صَاحِبُهَا وَيُخَوَّفُ، وَيُؤْذَى حَتَّى تَتَبَيَّنَ مِنْهُ تَوْبَةٌ. وَلَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ شَهِيدٍ وَاحِدٍ عَلَى طَلَاقٍ وَلَا نِكَاحٍ، فَمَنْ طَلَّقَ وَشَهِدَ عَلَيْهِ شَهِيدٌ وَاحِدٌ وَأَنْكَرَ فَإِنَّهُ يُسْتَحْلَفُ بِاللهِ مَا طَلَّقْتُ؛ فَإِنْ حَلَفَ فَهِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ، وَإِنْ نَكَلَ فَقَدْ طُلِّقَتْ بِمَا شَهِدَ بِهِ الشَّهِيدُ، وَكَانَ هُوَ الشَّهِيدُ الْآخَرُ إِذَا نَكَلَ. وَلَا يَجُوزُ عَلَى الْحَقِّ إِلَّا شَهِيدَانِ، ثُمَّ يَنْفُذُ لَهُ حَقُّهُ، فَإِنْ شَهِدَ وَاحِدٌ عَدْلٌ أُحْلِفَ صَاحِبُ الْحَقِّ مَعَ شَهِيدٍ إِذَا كَانَ عَدْلًا. وَإِنْ كَانَتْ دَعْوَى لَا شَاهِدَ فِيهَا فَالْمَطْلُوبُ أَحَقُّ بِالْيَمِينِ وَيَنْقُلُ الطَّالِبُ، فَإِنْ نَكَلَ اسْتَحَقَّ صَاحِبُ الْحَقِّ عَيْنَهُ. وَلَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ خَائِنٍ وَلَا خَائِنَةٍ وَلَا خَصْمٍ يَكُونُ لِامْرِئٍ عُمْرٌ فِي نَفْسِ صَاحِبِهِ. وَأَمَرَ اللهُ بِذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلا الْآيَةَ، فَلْيَنْظُرِ امْرُؤٌ عَلَى مَا شَهِدَ.
Translation
✧ Allah and His Messenger decreed concerning witnesses four for adultery: whoever testifies with fewer than four to adultery is flogged. If four testify against two married persons, they are stoned; if they testify against two virgins, they are flogged, as Allah said: a hundred lashes, and let not pity for them overcome you in the religion of Allah, and they are exiled for a year away from the land they were in, their exile being separate. If they testify against a virgin and a married person, the virgin is flogged and the married is stoned. The testimony of three, two, or one is not accepted, and they are flogged eighty lashes each, and their testimony is not accepted until sincere repentance and reform appear from them to the Muslims. For divorce there are two witnesses, for marriage two witnesses, for wine two witnesses, then its drinker is flogged, warned, and harmed until repentance appears from him. The testimony of a single witness is not valid for divorce or marriage. Whoever divorces and one witness testifies against him and he denies, he is made to swear by Allah: 'I did not divorce'; if he swears, she is his wife; if he refuses, she is divorced by what the witness testified, and he himself is the other witness when he refuses. For a right only two witnesses are valid, then his right is carried out. If one upright witness testifies, the claimant of the right is made to swear along with the witness if he is upright. If it is a claim with no witness, the defendant is more entitled to the oath and the claimant transfers it; if he refuses, the claimant of the right takes his very property. The testimony of a treacherous man or woman is not valid, nor that of a litigant who has a long-standing enmity in himself against his opponent. Allah commanded two upright witnesses, and He said: 'Indeed, those who purchase with the covenant of Allah and their oaths a small price...' the verse, so let a man consider what he testifies to.
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