al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (al-Tabarani) 10732
Ibn Masud ᴿᴬ
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حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ثنا دَاوُدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الضَّبِّيُّ ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ
إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ أَنْزَلَ {وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ} {الظَّالِمُونَ} {الْفَاسِقُونَ} قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَنْزَلَهَا فِي طَائِفَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ وَكَانَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا قَدْ قَهَرَتِ الْأُخْرَى فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ حَتَّى ارْتَضَوْا وَاصْطَلَحُوا عَلَى أَنَّ كُلَّ قَتِيلٍ قَتَلَتْهُ الْعَزِيزَةُ مِنَ الذَّلِيلَةِ فَدِيَتُهُ خَمْسُونَ وَسْقًا وَكُلَّ قَتِيلٍ قَتَلَتْهُ الذَّلِيلَةُ مِنَ الْعَزِيزَةِ فَدِيَتُهُ مِائَةُ وَسْقٍ فَكَانُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَلَّتِ الطَّائِفَتَانِ لِحُكْمِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَمْ يَظْهَرْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَمْ يُوطِئْهُمَا وَهُوَ الصُّلْحُ فَقَتَلَتِ الذَّلِيلَةُ مِنَ الْعَزِيزَةِ قَتِيلًا فَأَرْسَلَتِ الْعَزِيزَةُ إِلَى الذَّلِيلَةِ أَنِ ابْعَثُوا إِلَيْنَا مِائَةَ وَسْقٍ فَقَالَتِ الذَّلِيلَةُ وَهَلْ كَانَ هَذَا قَطُّ دِينُهُمَا وَاحِدٌ وَنَسَبُهُمَا وَاحِدٌ دِيَةُ بَعْضِهِمْ نِصْفُ دِيَةِ بَعْضٍ إِنَّمَا أَعْطَيْنَاكُمْ هَذَا ضَيْمًا مِنْكُمْ لَنَا وَفَرَقًا مِنْكُمْ فَلَمَّا إِذْ قَدِمَ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ فَلَا نُعْطِيكُمْ ذَلِكَ فَكَادَتِ الْحَرْبُ تَهِيجُ بَيْنَهُمَا ثُمَّ ارْتَضَوْا عَلَى أَنْ جَعَلُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمْ فَفَكَّرَتِ الْعَزِيزَةُ فَقَالَتْ وَاللهِ مَا مُحَمَّدٌ بِمُعْطِيكُمْ مِنْهُمْ ضِعْفَ مَا يُعْطِيهِمْ مِنْكُمْ وَلَقَدْ صَدَقُوا مَا أَعْطَوْنَا هَذَا إِلَّا ضَيْمًا وَقَهْرًا لَهُمْ فَدُسُّوا إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ مَنْ يَخْبُرُ لَكُمْ رَأْيَهُ فَإِنْ أَعْطَاكُمْ مَا تُرِيدُونَ حَكَّمْتُمُوهُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يُعْطِكُمُوهُ حَذِرْتُمُوهُ فَلَمْ تُحَكِّمُوهُ فَدَسُّوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ نَاسًا مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ يَخْتَبِرُونَ لَهُمْ رَأْيَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا جَاءُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَخْبَرَ اللهُ رَسُولَهُ بِأَمْرِهِمْ كُلِّهِ وَمَاذَا أَرَادُوا فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ لَا يَحْزُنْكَ الَّذِينَ يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْكُفْرِ مِنَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ} ثُمَّ قَالَ فِيهِمْ وَاللهِ أُنْزِلَتْ وَإِيَّاهُمْ عَنَى اللهُ
Translation
Chain of narrators
- ʿAlī b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz
- Dāwud b. ʿAmr al-Ḍabbī
- ʿAbd al-Raḥman b. Abū al-Zinād from his father
- ʿUbaydullāh b. ʿAbdullāh b. ʿUtbah
- Ibn ʿAbbās
✧ God, Mighty and Majestic, revealed: {And whoever does not judge by what God has revealed — those are the disbelievers}, {the wrongdoers}, {the transgressors}. Ibn ʿAbbās said: He revealed them concerning two groups of the Jews. One of them had subdued the other in pre-Islamic times, until they agreed and made a settlement that every slain person killed by the powerful group from the weak group would have a blood money of fifty wasq, and every slain person killed by the weak group from the powerful group would have a blood money of one hundred wasq. They remained on that until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived. Then the two groups submitted to the judgment of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ — though the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had not yet prevailed over them or subdued them, and there was a truce. The weak group killed a man from the powerful group, so the powerful group sent to the weak group: "Send us one hundred wasq." The weak group said: "Has this ever been so when their religion is one and their lineage is one? The blood money of some of them is half that of others. We only gave you this out of oppression and fear of you. But now that Muḥammad ﷺ has come, we will not give you that." War was about to break out between them, but then they agreed to make the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a judge between them. The powerful group thought and said: "By God, Muḥammad will not give you from them double what he gives them from you. They spoke the truth: they only gave us this out of oppression and subjugation. So send someone secretly to Muḥammad ﷺ to find out his opinion. If he gives you what you want, you will accept his judgment; but if he does not, you will be wary and not accept it." So they secretly sent people from the hypocrites to test the opinion of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. When they came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, God informed His Messenger of their entire affair and what they intended. Then God, Mighty and Majestic, revealed: {O Messenger, let not those who hasten into disbelief grieve you, from those who say} up to His saying: {And whoever does not judge by what God has revealed — those are the transgressors}. Then he said: By God, it was revealed concerning them, and God meant them.
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