Shu'ab al-Iman (al-Bayhaqi) 6659
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ، نا إِسْحَاقُ، نا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ،
فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {إِلَّا اللَّمَمَ} [النجم: 32] قَالَ: " زِنَا الْعَيْنِ النَّظَرُ، وَزِنَا الشَّفَتَيْنِ التَّقْبِيلُ، وَزِنَا الْيَدَيْنِ الْبَطْشُ، وَزِنَا الرِّجْلَيْنِ الْمَشْيُ، وَيُصَدِّقُ ذَلِكَ الْفَرَجُ أَوْ يُكَذِّبُهُ، فَإِنْ صَدَّقَهُ بِفَرْجِهِ كَانَ زَانِيًا، وَإِلَّا فَهُوَ اللَّمَمُ " قَالَ الْحَلِيمِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: فَثَبَتَ بِالْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ وجُوبُ التَّوْبَةِ إِلَى اللهِ عَلَى كُلِّ مُذْنِبٍ، وَإِسْرَاعُ الْقَلْبِ وَالْإِنَابَةِ، وَأَنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ مِنْ عَبْدِهِ وَلَا يَرُدُّهَا عَلَيْهِ، وَالتَّوْبَةُ هِيَ الرَّجْعَةُ، وَمَعْنَى تَابَ إِلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى: أَيْ رَجَعَ إِلَى اللهِ، فَتَرَكَ نُزُوَعَهُ عَنِ الْعِصْيَانِ، وَعَوْدَةٌ إِلَى الطَّاعَةِ رَجْعَةٌ، وَعَبَّرَ عَنْهَا بِالتَّوْبَةِ قَالَ: وَحَدُّ التَّوْبَةِ الْقِطَعُ لِلْمَعْصِيَةِ فِي الْحَالِ إِنْ كَانَتْ دَائِمَةً، وَالنَّدَمُ عَلَى مَا سَلَفَ مِنْهَا، وَالْعَزْمُ عَلَى تَرْكِ الْعُودِ، ثُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ الذَّنْبُ تَرْكَ صَلَاةٍ فَإِنَّ التَّوْبَةَ لَا تَصِحُّ حَتَّى يَنْضَمَّ إِلَى النَّدَمِ قَضَاءُ مَا فَاتَ مِنْهَا، وَهَكَذَا إِنْ كَانَ تَرَكَ صَوْمًا، أَوْ تَفْرِيطًا فِي زَكَاةٍ، إِنْ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ مُثْرِيًا، وَإِنْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ قَتْلَ نَفْسٍ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ فَإِنْ تَمَكَّنَ مِنَ الْقِصَاصِ إِنْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ وَكَانَ مَطْلُوبًا بِهِ، فَإِنْ عُفِيَ عَنْهُ بِمَالٍ وَكَانَ وَاجِدًا لَهُ فَإِنَّهُ يُؤَدِّي مَا عَلَيْهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ قَذْفًا يُوجِبُ الْحَدَّ فَأَنْ يَبْذُلَ ظَهْرَهُ لِلْحَدِّ إِنْ كَانَ مَطْلُوبًا بِهِ، فَإِنْ عُفِيَ عَنْهُ كَفَاهُ النَّدَمُ وَالْعَزْمُ عَلَى تَرْكِ الْعُودِ بِإِخْلَاصٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَ حَدًّا مِنْ حُدُودِ اللهِ تَعَالَى فَإِذَا تَابَ إِلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى بِالتَّنَدُّمِ الصَّحِيحِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُرْفَعَ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ سَقَطَ عَنْهُ الْحَدُّ، وَإِنْ رُفِعَ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: قَدْ تُبْتُ لَمْ يَسْقُطْ عَنْهُ الْحَدُّ، وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ، قُلْتُ: وَهُوَ مَنْصُوصٌ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْمُحَارِبِينَ، وَقَدْ عَلَّقَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ الْقَوْلَ فِيهِ فِي غَيْرِ الْمُحَارِبِينَ؛ لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى إِنَّمَا ذَكَرَ الِاسْتِثْنَاءَ بِالتَّوْبَةِ فِي الْمُحَارِبِينَ دُونَ غَيْرِهِمْ
Translation
Chain of narrators
machine translationAbū ʿAbdillāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Zakariyyā al-ʿAnbarī informed me: Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Salām narrated to us: Isḥāq narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Razzāq narrated to us: Maʿmar informed us, from al-Aʿmash, from Abū al-Ḍuḥā, from Masrūq, from Ibn Masʿūd,
Machine translation, not reviewed
Concerning the saying of the Almighty: {إِلَّا اللَّمَمَ} [al-Najm: 32], he said: "The adultery of the eye is the look, the adultery of the two lips is the kiss, the adultery of the two hands is the grasp, and the adultery of the two feet is the walking; and the private part confirms that or denies it. If he confirms it with his private part, he is an adulterer; otherwise it is the lamam (minor lapse)." Al-Ḥalīmī, may God have mercy on him, said: It is established by the Book and the Sunnah that repentance to God is obligatory upon every sinner, along with the heart's hastening and turning back (to God), and that God, Blessed and Exalted, accepts repentance from His servant and does not reject it from him. Repentance (tawbah) is the return, and the meaning of "he repented to God" is that he returned to God, so he abandoned his persistence in disobedience, and the return to obedience is a returning, and it is expressed by the word repentance. He said: The definition of repentance is to cease the sin at once if it is ongoing, to regret what has passed of it, and to resolve not to return to it. Then, if the sin was abandoning prayer, repentance is not valid until making up what was missed of it is joined to the regret; and likewise if he abandoned fasting, or was negligent regarding zakāh, if the man is wealthy. If it was killing a person unjustly, then if he is able to submit to retaliation, if it is due from him and he is being sought for it, and if he is pardoned in return for money and he has it, he pays what is due from him. If it was a slander that requires the prescribed punishment, he must offer his back for the punishment if he is sought for it; if he is pardoned, regret and the sincere resolve not to return suffice him. If it was one of the prescribed punishments (ḥudūd) of God Almighty, then if he repents to God Almighty with sound regret before the case is brought to the Imam, the punishment is dropped from him; but if it was brought to the Imam and then he said: "I have repented," the punishment is not dropped from him. He elaborated on the discussion of it. I said: This is explicitly stated regarding the highway robbers (muḥāribīn), and al-Shāfiʿī, may God have mercy on him, left the opinion on it open regarding others than the highway robbers, because God Almighty mentioned the exception by repentance only regarding the highway robbers and not others.
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