Shu'ab al-Iman (al-Bayhaqi) 3037
✧ Warning against withholding zakat on wealth
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبصْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا السَّرِيُّ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنِي غَزْوَانُ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ،
قَالَ: بَيْنَا أَبُو ذَرٍّ عِنْدَ بَابِ عُثْمَانَ لَمْ يُؤْذَنْ لَهُ إِذْ مَرَّ بِهِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ، مَا يَحْبِسُكَ هَهُنَا؟ قَالَ: " يَأْبَى هَؤُلَاءِ أَنْ يَأذَنُوا لِي "، فَدَخَلَ الرَّجُلُ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، مَا بَالُ أَبِي ذَرٍّ عَلَى الْبَابِ لَا يُؤْذَنُ لَهُ، فَأَمَرَ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ فَجَاءَ حَتَّى جَلَسَ نَاحِيَةَ الْقَوْمِ، قَالَ: وَمِيرَاثُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ يُقَسَّمُ، فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ لِكَعْبٍ: يَا أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ، أَرَأَيْتَ الْمَالَ إِذَا أُدِّيَ زَكَاتُهُ هَلْ يُخْشَى عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ فِيهِ تَبِعَةٌ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا، فَقَامَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ وَمَعَهُ عَصَاهُ، فَضَرَبَ بِهَا بَيْنَ أُذُنَيْ كَعْبٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ: " يَا ابْنَ الْيَهُودِيَّةِ أَنْتَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ حَقٌّ فِي مَالِهِ إِذَا أَدَّى الزَّكَاةَ، وَاللهُ يَقُولُ: {وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ} [الحشر: 9] الْآيَةُ، وَاللهُ يَقُولُ: {وَيُطْعِمُونَ الطَّعَامَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ مِسْكِينًا وَيَتِيمًا وَأَسِيرًا} [الإنسان: 8] الْآيَةُ، وَاللهُ يَقُولُ: {وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ} [الذاريات: 19] " فَجَعَلَ يَذْكُرُ نَحْوَ هَذَا مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ لِلْقُرَشِيِّ: إِنَّمَا نَكْرَهُ أَنْ نَأْذَنَ لِأَبِي ذَرٍّ مِنْ أَجْلِ مَا تَرَى قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ ؓ: " بَعْضُ هَذِهِ الْآيَاتِ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ فَرْضِ الزَّكَاةِ، وَبَعْضُهَا فِي التَّرْغِيبِ فِي التَّطَوُّعِ فَأَبُو ذَرٍّ كَانَ يَحْمِلُهَا عَلَى الْوُجُوبِ فِيمَا يَرَى، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ "
Translation
Chain of narrators
machine translationAbū al-Ḥusayn b. Bishrān informed us, Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-Baṣrī narrated to us, ʿAbdullāh b. Abī Maryam narrated to us, al-Firyābī narrated to us, al-Sarī b. Yaḥyā narrated to us, Ghazwān Abū Ḥātim narrated to me,
Machine translation, not reviewed
He said: While Abū Dharr was at the door of ʿUthmān, not having been given permission to enter, a man of Quraysh passed by him and said to him: "O Abū Dharr, what keeps you here?" He said: "These people refuse to give me permission." So the man went in and said: "O Commander of the Believers, what is the matter with Abū Dharr at the door, not being given permission?" So he ordered, and permission was given to him. He came and sat at the side of the group. He said: And the inheritance of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf was being divided. ʿUthmān said to Kaʿb: "O Abū Isḥāq, what do you think of wealth whose zakāh has been paid: is any liability feared for its owner on account of it?" He said: "No." Abū Dharr stood up with his staff, struck Kaʿb with it between his ears, and then said: "O son of the Jewish woman, you claim that no right is due from him in his wealth if he pays the zakāh, while God says: {وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ} [al-Ḥashr: 9] the verse, and God says: {وَيُطْعِمُونَ الطَّعَامَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ مِسْكِينًا وَيَتِيمًا وَأَسِيرًا} [al-Insān: 8] the verse, and God says: {وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ} [al-Dhāriyāt: 19]" He went on mentioning the like of this from the Quran. Then ʿUthmān said to the Qurashī: "We only dislike giving permission to Abū Dharr because of what you see." Al-Bayhaqī ؓ said: "Some of these verses were before the obligation of zakāh was revealed, and some of them are encouragement toward voluntary giving. Abū Dharr used to take them as indicating obligation, in his view, and God knows best."
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