al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Nasa'i) 4434

✧ The Distribution of Khums and the Khums of the Khums. Abu Abdurrahman Ahmad b. Shuayb al-Nasai narrated: Allah, may His praise be glorified, said: "And know that whatever you take as war booty, for Allah is one-fifth of it and for the Messenger and for his near relatives and the orphans, the needy, and the traveler." [Surah al-Anfal: 41]. His statement, may His praise be glorified, for Allah is the beginning of His speech, because all things belong to Allah. Perhaps He began the discussion of spoils and khums by mentioning Himself, may He be exalted and glorified, because they are the most honorable of earnings. He did not attribute zakah to Himself, because it is the filth of people. Allah knows best. It has been said that something is taken from the booty and is allocated for the Ka'bah, which is the arrow that belongs to Allah, and the arrow of the Prophet ﷺ is given to the Imam who buys from it horses, weapons, and gives to those who he deems worthy among those who have intellect, among the people of Islam, whether they are at war or in peace, He gives to those who are knowledgeable, those who have knowledge, and those who have a need for it from the people of Islam, and the Qur'an, and gives the arrow to the relatives of the Prophet ﷺ , such as the Banu Hashim and the Banu Muttalib. The arrow is given to the rich, the poor, and it has been said that it is given to the poor among them, excluding the rich, the orphans, and the traveler, and it is closer to both opinions. Allah knows best. Both the young and the old, and males and females are equal in this regard, because Allah, may His praise be glorified, has made that for them and His Messenger ﷺ divided it among them. The hadith does not mention that He favored some over others, and there is no difference that we know of among the scholars regarding a man who bequeathed a third of his wealth to the family of so and so that he is among them, and that males and females are equal in it when they are counted. Thus, every thing that happens to a people is distributed equally among them, except when the commander explains the matter. And Allah is the guide. There is a share for orphans among the Muslims, and a share for the poor among the Muslims, and a share for the traveler among the Muslims. No one among them is given a share for a poor person, nor a share for a traveler. It has been said to him: Choose whichever you like. And the four-fifths are divided by the Imam among those who participated in the fighting among the mature Muslims.