Dalil
العربية

al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 5059

✧ Migration to Abyssinia

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قَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يَعْقُوبَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا النَّضْرُ بْنُ شُمَيْلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ:

اسْتَأْذَنَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: ائْذَنْ لِي أَنْ آتِيَ أَرْضًا أَعْبُدُ اللهَ تَعَالَى فِيهَا لَا أَخَافُ أَحَدًا، فَأَذِنَ لَهُ، فَأَتَى النَّجَاشِيَّ. قَالَ: فَحَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ ؓ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُ مَكَانَهُ حَسَدْتُهُ، قُلْتُ: وَاللهِ لَأَسْتَقْتِلَنَّ لِهَذَا وَأَصْحَابِهِ، فَأَتَيْتُ النَّجَاشِيَّ فَدَخَلْتُ مَعَهُ عَلَيْهِ، فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ بِأَرْضِكَ رَجُلًا ابْنُ عَمِّهِ بِأَرْضِنَا، وَإِنَّهُ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِلنَّاسِ إِلَّا إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ، وَإِنَّكَ وَاللهِ إِنْ لَمْ تَقْتُلْهُ وَأَصْحَابَهُ لَا أَقْطَعُ إِلَيْكَ هَذِهِ النُّطْفَةَ أَبَدًا، لَا أَنَا وَلَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِي، قَالَ: ادْعُهُ، قُلْتُ: إِنَّهُ لَا يَجِيءُ مَعِي فَأَرْسِلْ مَعِي رَسُولًا، فَجَاءَ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى الْبَابِ نَادَيْتُ: ائْذَنْ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، فَنَادَى هُوَ مِنْ خَلْفِي: ائْذَنْ لِعَبْدِ اللهِ، قَالَ: فَسَمِعَ صَوْتَهُ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ قَبْلِي، قَالَ: فَدَخَلَ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، قَالَ: فَأَذِنَ لِي، فَدَخَلْتُ فَإِذَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ، فَذَكَرَ أَيْنَ كَانَ مَقْعَدُهُ مِنَ السَّرِيرِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُهُ جِئْتُ حَتَّى قَعَدْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَجَعَلْتُهُ خَلْفَ ظَهْرِي، وَأَقْعَدْتُ بَيْنَ كُلِّ رَجُلَيْنِ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِي، قَالَ: فَقَالَ النَّجَاشِيُّ: نَحِّرُوا نَحِّرُوا، أَيْ: تَكَلَّمُوا، فَقَالَ عَمْرٌو: إِنَّ ابْنَ عَمِّ هَذَا بِأَرْضِنَا، وَإِنَّهُ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِلنَّاسِ إِلَّا إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ، وَإِنَّكَ وَاللهِ إِنْ لَمْ تَقْتُلْهُ وَأَصْحَابَهُ لَا أَقْطَعُ هَذِهِ النُّطْفَةَ إِلَيْكَ أَبَدًا، وَلَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِي، قَالَ: فَتَشَهَّدَ، فَأَنَا أَوَّلُ مَا سَمِعْتُ التَّشَهُّدَ يَوْمَئِذٍ، فَقَالَ: صَدَقَ ابْنُ عَمِّي، وَأَنَا عَلَى دِينِهِ، قَالَ: فَصَاحَ، وَقَالَ: أَوَّهْ، حَتَّى قُلْتُ: إِنَّ الْحَبَشَةَ لَا تَتَكَلَّمُ، قَالَ: أَنَامُوسٌ مِثْلُ نَامُوسِ مُوسَى ؟ مَا يَقُولُ فِي عِيسَى ؟ قَالَ: يَقُولُ: هُوَ رُوحُ اللهِ وَكَلِمَتُهُ، قَالَ: فَتَنَاوَلَ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ فَقَالَ: مَا أَخْطَأَ شَيْئًا مِمَّا قَالَ وَلَا هَذِهِ، وَلَوْلَا مُلْكِي لَتَبِعْتُكُمْ، وَقَالَ لِي: مَا كُنْتُ لِأُبَالِيَ أَنْ لَا تَأْتِيَنِي أَنْتَ وَلَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ أَبَدًا، وَقَالَ لِجَعْفَرٍ ؓ: اذْهَبْ فَأَنْتَ آمِنٌ بِأَرْضِي، فَمَنْ ضَرَبَكَ قَتَلْتُهُ، وَمَنْ سَبَّكَ غَرَّمْتُهُ وَقَالَ لِآذِنِهِ: مَتَى أَتَاكَ هَذَا يَسْتَأْذِنُ عَلَيَّ فَأْذَنْ لَهُ، إِلَّا أَنْ أَكُونَ عِنْدَ أَهْلِي، فَإِنْ كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِي فَأَخْبِرْهُ، فَإِنْ أَبَى فَأْذَنْ لَهُ، قَالَ: وَتَفَرَّقْنَا فَلَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَكُونُ لَقِيتُهُ خَالِيًا مِنْ جَعْفَرٍ، فَاسْتَقْبَلَنِي فِي طَرِيقٍ مَرَّةً، فَلَمْ أَرَ أَحَدًا وَنَظَرْتُ خَلْفِي فَلَمْ أَرَ أَحَدًا، قَالَ: فَدَنَوْتُ فَأَخَذْتُ بِيَدِهِ، فَقُلْتُ: تَعْلَمُ أَنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ ؟ قَالَ: فَقَالَ: هَدَاكَ اللهُ تَعَالَى، فَاثْبُتْ، قَالَ: وَتَرَكَنِي وَذَهَبَ. قَالَ: فَأَتَيْتُ أَصْحَابِي، فَكَأَنَّمَا شَهِدُوا مَعِي، فَأَخَذُونِي فَأَلْقَوْا عَلَيَّ قَطِيفَةً، أَوْ ثَوْبًا، فَجَعَلُوا يُغَمِّمُونَنِي، فَجَعَلْتُ أُخْرِجُ رَأْسِي مِنْ هَذِهِ النَّاحِيَةِ مَرَّةً، وَمِنْ هَذِهِ النَّاحِيَةِ مَرَّةً، حَتَّى أَفْلَتُّ وَمَا عَلَيَّ قِشْرَةٌ، قَالَ: فَلَقِيتُ حَبَشِيَّةً فَأَخَذْتُ قِنَاعَهَا، فَجَعَلْتُهُ عَلَى عَوْرَتِي، فَقَالَتْ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَقُلْتُ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَأَتَيْتُ جَعْفَرًا ؓ فَقَالَ: مَا لَكَ ؟ فَقُلْتُ: ذَهَبَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ لِي حَتَّى مَا تُرِكَ عَلَيَّ قِشْرَةٌ، وَمَا الَّذِي تَرَى عَلَيَّ إِلَّا قِنَاعُ حَبَشِيَّةٍ، قَالَ: فَانْطَلَقَ، وَانْطَلَقْتُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ إِلَى بَابِ الْمَلِكِ، فَقَالَ: ائْذَنْ لِحِزْبِ اللهِ، قَالَ: آذِنْهُ، إِنَّهُ مَعَ أَهْلِهِ، قَالَ: اسْتَأْذِنْ، فَاسْتَأْذَنَ، فَأَذِنَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ عَمْرًا قَدْ تَابَعَنِي عَلَى دِينِي، قَالَ: كَلَّا، قَالَ: بَلَى، قَالَ: كَلَّا، قَالَ: بَلَى، فَقَالَ لِإِنْسَانٍ: اذْهَبْ مَعَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ فَعَلَ فَلَا يَقُولُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا كَتَبْتُهُ، قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَجَعَلَ يَكْتُبُ مَا أَقُولُ حَتَّى مَا تَرَكْتُ شَيْئًا حَتَّى الْقَدَحِ، وَلَوْ شَاءَ أَنْ آخُذَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ إِلَى مَالِي لَفَعَلْتُ. هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ حَسَنٌ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ مُخَالِفٌ لِلْمَشْهُورِ أَنَّ إِسْلَامَ عَمْرٍو ؓ كَانَ عَلَى يَدِ النَّجَاشِيِّ نَفْسِهِ. تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عُمَيْرُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَلَمْ يَرْوِ عَنْهُ غَيْرُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَوْنٍ، وَقَدْ قَالَ ابْنُ مَعِينٍ: لَا يُسَاوِي شَيْئًا، وَوَثَّقَهُ مَرَّةً، وَفِي الْجُمْلَةِ يُكْتَبُ حَدِيثُهُ. وَقَالَ الْبَزَّارُ: لَا نَعْلَمُهُ يُرْوَى عَنْ عَمْرٍو ؓ إِلَّا بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ.

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Abū Yaʿlá
  2. Abū Yaʿqūb Isḥāq b. Abū Isrāʾīl
  3. al-Naḍr b. Shumayl
  4. Ibn ʿAwn
  5. ʿUmayr b. Isḥāq

✧ Jafar b. Abi Talib ؓ asked permission from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, saying, “Allow me to go to a land where I can worship Allah Almighty without fearing anyone.” So he allowed him, and he went to the Negus. Amr b. al-As ؓ narrated to me, saying, “When I saw his position, I envied him. I said, ‘By Allah, I will seek the death of this man and his companions.’ So I went to the Negus and entered upon him with him. I said, ‘In your land there is a man whose cousin is in our land, and he claims that there is no god for people except one God. By Allah, if you do not kill him and his companions, I will never cross this sea to you again, neither I nor anyone of my companions.’ He said, ‘Call him.’ I said, ‘He will not come with me, so send a messenger with me.’ He came, and when he reached the door, I called out, ‘Give permission for Amr b. al-As.’ But he called out from behind me, ‘Give permission for Abdullah.’ He said, ‘He heard his voice and gave him permission before me.’ He said, ‘So he and his companions entered.’ He said, ‘Then he gave me permission, and I entered, and there he was sitting.’ He mentioned where his seat was on the couch. When I saw him, I went and sat in front of him, putting him behind my back, and I seated one of my companions between every two of them. He said, ‘The Negus said, “Sacrifice, sacrifice,” meaning, “Speak.”’ Amr said, ‘The cousin of this man is in our land, and he claims that there is no god for people except one God. By Allah, if you do not kill him and his companions, I will never cross this sea to you again, nor anyone of my companions.’ He said, ‘He recited the tashahhud, and that was the first time I heard the tashahhud.’ He said, ‘My cousin has spoken the truth, and I am upon his religion.’ He said, ‘He cried out and said, “Oh!” until I thought that the Abyssinians do not speak.’ He said, ‘Is there a Namus like the Namus of Musa? What does he say about Isa?’ He said, ‘He says: He is the Spirit of Allah and His Word.’ He said, ‘He picked up something from the ground and said, “He has not missed anything of what he said, nor even this. Were it not for my kingdom, I would have followed you.” He said to me, “I do not care if you never come to me again, neither you nor anyone of your companions.” And he said to Jafar ؓ, “Go, for you are safe in my land. Whoever strikes you, I will kill him, and whoever reviles you, I will fine him.” And he said to his doorkeeper, “Whenever this man comes asking permission to enter upon me, give him permission, unless I am with my family. If I am with my family, inform him, and if he insists, then give him permission.”’ He said, ‘We parted, and there was no one I would rather meet alone than Jafar. He met me on a road once, and I saw no one else, and I looked behind me and saw no one. He said, ‘I approached and took his hand and said, “Do you know that I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger?” He said, “May Allah Almighty guide you, so be firm.” He said, ‘He left me and went away.’ He said, ‘I came to my companions, and it was as if they had witnessed with me. They seized me and threw a velvet cloth or a garment over me, and they began to cover my head. I kept sticking my head out from this side once and from that side once, until I escaped with not even a shred of clothing on me.’ He said, ‘I met an Abyssinian woman and took her veil and put it over my private parts. She said such and such, and I said such and such. Then I went to Jafar ؓ, and he said, “What is the matter with you?” I said, “I lost everything I had until not even a shred was left on me. What you see on me is nothing but the veil of an Abyssinian woman.”’ He said, ‘He went, and I went with him until we reached the king’s door. He said, “Give permission for the party of Allah.” The doorkeeper said, “Give him permission, for he is with his family.” He said, “Ask permission.” So he asked permission, and permission was given. He said, “Amr has followed me in my religion.” The king said, “No.” He said, “Yes.” The king said, “No.” He said, “Yes.” Then he said to a man, “Go with him, and if he has done it, then everything he says I will record.” He said, “Yes.” So he began to write down what I said until I left nothing out, even the cup. If I had wanted to take from their wealth to my own, I could have done so.’ This chain is good, except that it contradicts the well-known view that Amr's ؓ acceptance of Islam was at the hands of the Negus himself. Umayr b. Ishaq is alone in narrating it, and no one else narrated from him except Abdullah b. Awn. Ibn Main said, “He is worthless,” and he also considered him reliable once. In general, his hadith is recorded. Al-Bazzar said, “We do not know of it being narrated from Amr ؓ except through this chain.”

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