Dalilدليل
العربية

Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah 2219

✧ The collection of chapters on acts permitted during fasting concerning which the scholars differed as to their permissibility

Show the chain

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى الصَّنْعَانِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرٌ - يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْمُفَضَّلِ -، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ قَالَ: انْطَلَقْتُ أَنَا وَمَسْرُوقٌ إِلَى أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ نَسْأَلُهَا عَنِ الْمُبَاشَرَةِ، فَاسْتَحْيَيْنَا قَالَ: قُلْتُ: جِئْنَا نَسْأَلُ حَاجَةً فَاسْتَحْيَيْنَا، فَقَالَتْ: مَا هِيَ ؟ سَلَا عَمَّا بَدَا لَكُمَا. قَالَ:

قُلْنَا: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُبَاشِرُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ ؟ قَالَتْ: قَدْ كَانَ يَفْعَلُ، وَلَكِنَّهُ كَانَ أَمْلَكَ لِإِرْبِهِ مِنْكُمْ. قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: إِنَّمَا خَاطَبَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ وَأُمَّتَهُ بِلُغَةِ الْعَرَبِ أَوْسَعِ اللُّغَاتِ كُلِّهَا، الَّتِي لَا يُحِيطُ بِعِلْمِ جَمِيعِهَا أَحَدٌ غَيْرَ نَبِيِّ، وَالْعَرَبُ فِي لُغَاتِهَا تُوقِعُ اسْمَ الْوَاحِدِ عَلَى شَيْئَيْنِ، وَعَلَى أَشْيَاءَ ذَوَاتِ عَدَدٍ، وَقَدْ يُسَمَّى الشَّيْءُ الْوَاحِدُ بِأَسْمَاءَ، وَقَدْ يَزْجُرُ اللهُ عَنِ الشَّيْءِ، وَيُبِيحُ شَيْئًا آخَرَ غَيْرَ الشَّيْءِ الْمَزْجُورِ عَنْهُ، وَوَقَعَ اسْمُ الْوَاحِدِ عَلَى الشَّيْئَيْنِ جَمِيعًا: عَلَى الْمُبَاحِ، وَعَلَى الْمَحْظُورِ، وَكَذَلِكَ قَدْ يُبِيحُ الشَّيْءَ الْمَزْجُورَ عَنْهُ، وَوَقَعَ اسْمُ الْوَاحِدِ عَلَيْهِمَا جَمِيعًا، فَيَكُونُ اسْمُ الْوَاحِدِ وَاقِعًا عَلَى الشَّيْئَيْنِ الْمُخْتَلِفَيْنِ، أَحَدُهُمَا مُبَاحٌ، وَالْآخَرُ مَحْظُورٌ، وَاسْمُهُمَا وَاحِدٌ، فَلَمْ يَفْهَمْ هَذَا مَنْ سَفِهَ لِسَانَ الْعَرَبِ، وَحَمَلَ الْمَعْنَى فِي ذَلِكَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ وَاحِدٍ، يُوهِمُ أَنَّ الْأَمْرَيْنِ مُتَضَادَّانِ إِذْ أُبِيحَ فِعْلٌ مُسَمًّى بِاسْمٍ، وَحُظِرَ فِعْلٌ تَسَمَّى بِذَلِكَ الِاسْمِ سَوَاءً. فَمَنْ كَانَ هَذَا مَبْلَغُهُ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ، لَمْ يَحِلَّ لَهُ تَعَاطِي الْفِقْهِ، وَلَا الْفُتْيَا، وَوَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ التَّعَلُّمُ، أَوِ السَّكْتُ، إِلَى أَنْ يُدْرِكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ مَا يَجُوزُ مَعَهُ الْفُتْيَا، وَتَعَاطِي الْعِلْمِ، وَمَنْ فَهِمَ هَذِهِ الصَّنَاعَةَ عَلِمَ أَنَّ مَا أُبِيحَ غَيْرُ مَا حُظِرَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ اسْمُ الْوَاحِدِ قَدْ يَقَعُ عَلَى الْمُبَاحِ وَعَلَى الْمَحْظُورِ جَمِيعًا، فَمِنْ هَذَا الْجِنْسِ الَّذِي ذَكَرْتُ أَنَّ اللهَ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - دَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ أَنَّ مُبَاشَرَةَ النِّسَاءِ فِي نَهَارِ الصَّوْمِ غَيْرُ جَائِزٍ بِقَوْلِهِ - تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى -: فَالآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَابْتَغُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللهُ لَكُمْ وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ، فَأَبَاحَ اللهُ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - مُبَاشَرَةَ النِّسَاءِ، وَالْأَكْلَ وَالشُّرْبَ بِاللَّيْلِ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَنَا بِإِتْمَامِ الصِّيَامِ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ، عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُبَاشَرَةَ الْمُبَاحَةَ بِاللَّيْلِ الْمَقْرُونَةَ إِلَى الْأَكْلِ وَالشُّرْبِ هِيَ الْجِمَاعُ الْمُفَطِّرُ لِلصَّائِمِ، وَأَبَاحَ اللهُ بِفِعْلِ النَّبِيِّ الْمُصْطَفَى ﷺ الْمُبَاشَرَةَ الَّتِي هِيَ دُونَ الْجِمَاعِ فِي الصِّيَامِ، إِذْ كَانَ يُبَاشِرُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ، وَالْمُبَاشَرَةُ الَّتِي ذَكَرَ اللهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ أَنَّهَا تُفَطِّرُ الصَّائِمَ هِيَ غَيْرُ الْمُبَاشَرَةِ الَّتِي كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُبَاشِرُهَا فِي صِيَامِهِ. وَالْمُبَاشَرَةُ اسْمٌ وَاحِدٌ وَاقِعٌ عَلَى فِعْلَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُمَا مُبَاحَةٌ فِي نَهَارِ الصَّوْمِ، وَالْأُخْرَى: مَحْظُورَةٌ فِي نَهَارِ الصَّوْمِ، مُفَطِّرَةٌ لِلصَّائِمِ. وَمِنْ هَذَا الْجِنْسِ قَوْلُهُ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ -: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللهِ وَذَرُوا الْبَيْعَ [ذَلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ]، فَأَمَرَ رَبُّنَا - جَلَّ وَعَلَا - بِالسَّعْيِ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ، وَالنَّبِيُّ الْمُصْطَفَى ﷺ قَالَ: إِذَا أَتَيْتُمُ الصَّلَاةَ فَلَا تَأْتُوهَا وَأَنْتُمْ تَسْعَوْنَ، ائْتُوهَا تَمْشُونَ وَعَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةُ. فَاسْمُ السَّعْيِ يَقَعُ عَلَى الْهَرْوَلَةِ، وَشِدَّةِ الْمَشْيِ، وَالْمُضِيِّ إِلَى الْمَوْضِعِ، فَالسَّعْيُ الَّذِي أَمَرَ اللهُ بِهِ أَنْ يُسْعَى إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ، هُوَ الْمُضِيُّ إِلَيْهَا، وَالسَّعْيُ الَّذِي زَجَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنْهُ إِتْيَانَ الصَّلَاةِ هُوَ الْهَرْوَلَةُ وَسُرْعَةُ الْمَشْيِ، فَاسْمُ السَّعْيِ وَاقِعٌ عَلَى فِعْلَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُمَا مَأْمُورٌ، وَالْآخَرُ مَنْهِيٌّ عَنْهُ، وَسَأُبَيِّنُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى هَذَا الْجِنْسَ فِي كِتَابِ مَعَانِي الْقُرْآنِ إِنْ وَفَّقَ اللهُ لِذَلِكَ. كذا في طبعة دار الميمان، وفي طبعة المكتب الإسلامي: أمر. كذا في طبعة دار الميمان، وفي طبعة المكتب الإسلامي: إحداهما. ما بين المعقوفين غير موجود في طبعة المكتب الإسلامي. كذا في طبعة دار الميمان، وفي طبعة المكتب الإسلامي: ايتوها.

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Aʿlá al-Ṣanʿānī
  2. Bishr / Ibn al-Mufaḍḍal
  3. Ibn ʿAwn
  4. Ibrāhīm
  5. al-Aswad
  6. Ānṭalaqt
  7. And Masrūq
  8. Nasʾaluhā
  9. al-Mubāsharah Fāstaḥyaynā
  10. Jiʾnā Nasʾal Ḥājah Fāstaḥyaynā
  11. Mā Hī Salā ʿAmmā Badā Lakumā

✧ We said: 'Did the Prophet ﷺ have intimate contact while fasting?' She said: 'He used to do so, but he had more control over his desires than you.' Abu Bakr said: 'Allah, majestic be His praise, addressed His Prophet ﷺ and his nation in the language of the Arabs, the most capacious of all languages, whose complete knowledge none but a prophet encompasses. The Arabs in their languages apply the name of one thing to two things, and to things of number. A single thing may be named by several names. Allah may prohibit one thing and permit another thing other than the prohibited thing, and the one name falls upon both things together: upon the permissible and the prohibited. Likewise, He may permit the prohibited thing, and the one name falls upon both of them together. Thus the one name falls upon the two different things, one of which is permissible and the other prohibited, while their name is one. Whoever is ignorant of the Arabic tongue does not understand this, and carries the meaning in that to one thing, imagining that the two matters are contradictory when an act called by a name is permitted and an act called by the same name is prohibited. Whoever has only this much knowledge is not allowed to engage in fiqh or give fatwas; he must learn or remain silent until he attains the knowledge with which fatwa and engaging in knowledge are permissible. Whoever understands this craft knows that what is permitted is other than what is prohibited, even if the one name may fall upon both the permissible and the prohibited. Of this kind that I mentioned is that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, indicated in His Book that intimate contact with women during the daytime of fasting is not permissible by His saying, Blessed and Exalted: "So now have relations with them and seek that which Allah has decreed for you. And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread. Then complete the fast until the night." Thus Allah, Mighty and Majestic, permitted intimate contact with women, and eating and drinking at night, then commanded us to complete the fast until night, indicating that the intimate contact permitted at night, coupled with eating and drinking, is the sexual intercourse that breaks the fast of the fasting person. And Allah permitted, by the action of the chosen Prophet ﷺ, the intimate contact that is less than sexual intercourse during fasting, since he used to have intimate contact while fasting. The intimate contact that Allah mentioned in His Book as breaking the fast of the fasting person is other than the intimate contact that the Prophet ﷺ used to engage in during his fast. The word "intimate contact" is one name falling upon two acts: one of them permissible during the daytime of fasting, and the other prohibited during the daytime of fasting, breaking the fast of the fasting person. Of this kind is His saying, Mighty and Majestic: "O you who have believed, when the call is made for prayer on the day of Jumu'ah, then hasten to the remembrance of Allah and leave off trade. [That is better for you, if you only knew]." Our Lord, Majestic and Exalted, commanded hastening to Jumu'ah, and the chosen Prophet ﷺ said: "When you come to prayer, do not come while you are hastening; come walking, and upon you should be tranquility." The name "hastening" falls upon trotting, and intensity of walking, and going to the place. So the hastening that Allah commanded to Jumu'ah is going to it, and the hastening that the Prophet ﷺ prohibited when coming to prayer is trotting and quick walking. Thus the name "hastening" falls upon two acts: one commanded and the other prohibited. I will, if Allah, Exalted, wills, clarify this kind in the Book of Meanings of the Qur'an if Allah grants success to that.' Thus in the Dar al-Mayman edition, and in the Maktab al-Islami edition: 'commanded.' Thus in the Dar al-Mayman edition, and in the Maktab al-Islami edition: 'one of them.' What is in brackets is not present in the Maktab al-Islami edition. Thus in the Dar al-Mayman edition, and in the Maktab al-Islami edition: 'come to it.'

Grades by grader

No grade is recorded for this wording.