Sirat Ibn Hisham 513
The first Friday prayer established in Madinah
[ أَسْعَدُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ وَمُصْعَبُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ وَإِسْلَامُ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ وَأُسَيْدِ بْنِ حُضَيْرٍ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ مُعَيْقِبٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ: أَنَّ أَسْعَدَ بْنَ زُرَارَةَ خَرَجَ بِمُصْعَبِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ يُرِيدُ بِهِ دَارَ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْأَشْهَلِ، وَدَارَ بَنِي ظَفَرٍ، وَكَانَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ امْرِئِ الْقَيْسِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَشْهَلِ بْنَ خَالَةِ أَسْعَدَ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ، فَدَخَلَ بِهِ حَائِطًا مِنْ حَوَائِطِ بَنِي ظَفَرٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَاسْمُ ظَفَرٍ: كَعْبُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْخَزْرَجِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْأَوْسِ - قَالَا: عَلَى بِئْرٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا: بِئْرُ مَرَقٍ فَجَلَسَا فِي الْحَائِطِ، وَاجْتَمَعَ إلَيْهِمَا رِجَالٌ مِمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ، وَسَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، وَأُسَيْدُ بْنُ حُضَيْرٍ، يَوْمَئِذٍ سَيِّدَا قَوْمِهِمَا مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْأَشْهَلِ، وَكِلَاهُمَا مُشْرِكٌ عَلَى دِينِ قَوْمِهِ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَا بِهِ قَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ لِأُسَيْدِ بْنِ حُضَيْرٍ: لَا أَبَا لَكَ، انْطَلِقْ إلَى هَذَيْنِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ قَدْ أَتَيَا دَارَيْنَا لِيُسَفِّهَا ضُعَفَاءَنَا، فَازْجُرْهُمَا وَانْهَهُمَا عَنْ أَنْ يَأْتِيَا دَارَيْنَا، فَإِنَّهُ لَوْلَا أَنَّ أَسْعَدَ بْنَ زُرَارَةَ مِنِّي حَيْثُ قَدْ عَلِمْتُ كَفَيْتُكَ ذَلِكَ، هُوَ ابْنُ خَالَتِي، وَلَا أَجِدُ عَلَيْهِ مُقَدَّمًا، قَالَ: فَأَخَذَ أُسَيْدُ بْنُ حُضَيْرٍ حَرْبَتَهُ. ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ إلَيْهِمَا، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ أَسْعَدُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ، قَالَ لِمُصْعَبِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ: هَذَا سَيِّدُ قَوْمِهِ قَدْ جَاءَكَ، فَاصْدُقْ اللَّهَ فِيهِ، قَالَ مُصْعَبٌ: إنْ يَجْلِسْ أُكَلِّمْهُ. قَالَ: فَوَقَفَ عَلَيْهِمَا. مُتَشَتِّمًا، فَقَالَ: مَا جَاءَ بِكُمَا إلَيْنَا تُسَفِّهَانِ ضُعَفَاءَنَا ؟ اعْتَزِلَانَا إنْ كَانَتْ لَكُمَا بِأَنْفُسِكُمَا حَاجَةٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ مُصْعَبٌ: أَوَتَجْلِسُ فَتَسْمَعَ، فَإِنْ رَضِيتَ أَمْرًا قَبِلْتَهُ، وَإِنْ كَرِهْتَهُ كُفَّ عَنْكَ مَا تَكْرَهُ قَالَ: أَنْصَفْتَ، ثُمَّ رَكَزَ حَرْبَتَهُ وَجَلَسَ إلَيْهِمَا، فَكَلَّمَهُ مُصْعَبٌ بِالْإِسْلَامِ، وَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ الْقُرْآنَ، فَقَالَا: فِيمَا يُذْكَرُ عَنْهُمَا: وَاَللَّهِ لَعَرَفْنَا فِي وَجْهِهِ الْإِسْلَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ فِي إشْرَاقِهِ وَتَسَهُّلِهِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَا أَحْسَنَ هَذَا الْكَلَامَ وَأَجْمَلَهُ كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُونَ إذَا أَرَدْتُمْ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا فِي هَذَا الدِّينِ ؟ قَالَا لَهُ: تَغْتَسِلُ فَتَطَّهَّرُ وَتُطَهِّرُ ثَوْبَيْكَ، ثُمَّ تَشْهَدُ شَهَادَةَ الْحَقِّ، ثُمَّ تُصَلِّي. فَقَامَ فَاغْتَسَلَ وَطَهَّرَ ثَوْبَيْهِ، وَتَشَهَّدَ شَهَادَةَ الْحَقِّ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَرَكَعَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمَا: إنَّ وَرَائِي رَجُلًا إنْ اتَّبَعَكُمَا لَمْ يَتَخَلَّفْ عَنْهُ أَحَدٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، وَسَأُرْسِلُهُ إلَيْكُمَا الْآنَ، سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ حَرْبَتَهُ وَانْصَرَفَ إلَى سَعْدٍ وَقَوْمِهِ وَهُمْ جُلُوسٌ فِي نَادِيهِمْ فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ إلَيْهِ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ مُقْبِلًا، قَالَ: أَحْلِفُ بِاَللَّهِ لَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ أُسَيْدٌ بِغَيْرِ الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي ذَهَبَ بِهِ مِنْ عِنْدِكُمْ، فَلَمَّا وَقَفَ عَلَى النَّادِي قَالَ لَهُ سَعْدٌ: مَا فَعَلْتَ ؟ قَالَ: كَلَّمْتُ الرَّجُلَيْنِ، فَوَاَللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ بِهِمَا بَأْسًا، وَقَدْ نَهَيْتُهُمَا، فَقَالَا: نَفْعَلُ مَا أَحْبَبْتَ، وَقَدْ حُدِّثْتُ أَنَّ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ قَدْ خَرَجُوا إلَى أَسْعَدَ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ لِيَقْتُلُوهُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ عَرَفُوا أَنَّهُ ابْنُ خَالَتِكَ، لِيُخْفِرُوكَ قَالَ: فَقَامَ سَعْدٌ مُغْضَبًا مُبَادِرًا، تَخَوُّفًا لِلَّذِي ذُكِرَ لَهُ مِنْ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ، فَأَخَذَ الْحَرْبَةَ مِنْ يَدِهِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَاَللَّهِ مَا أَرَاكَ أَغْنَيْتَ شَيْئًا، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إلَيْهِمَا، فَلَمَّا رَآهُمَا سَعْدٌ مُطْمَئِنَّيْنِ، عَرَفَ سَعْدٌ أَنَّ أُسَيْدًا إنَّمَا أَرَادَ مِنْهُ أَنْ يَسْمَعَ مِنْهُمَا، فَوَقَفَ عَلَيْهِمَا مُتَشَتِّمًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِأَسْعَدَ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ: يَا أَبَا أُمَامَةَ، ( أَمَا وَاَللَّهِ ) لَوْلَا مَا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ مِنْ الْقَرَابَةِ مَا رُمْتَ هَذَا مِنِّي، أَتَغْشَانَا فِي دَارَيْنَا بِمَا نَكْرَهُ - وَقَدْ قَالَ أَسْعَدُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ لِمُصْعَبِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ: أَيْ مُصْعَبُ، جَاءَكَ وَاَللَّهِ سَيِّدُ مَنْ وَرَاءَهُ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، إنْ يَتَّبِعْكَ لَا يَتَخَلَّفُ عَنْكَ مِنْهُمْ اثْنَانِ - قَالَ: فَقَالَ لَهُ مُصْعَبٌ: أَوَتَقْعُدُ فَتَسْمَعَ، فَإِنْ رَضِيتَ أَمْرًا وَرَغِبْتَ فِيهِ قَبِلْتَهُ، وَإِنْ كَرِهْتَهُ عَزَلْنَا عَنْكَ مَا تَكْرَهُ ؟ قَالَ سَعْدٌ: أَنْصَفْتَ. ثُمَّ رَكَزَ الْحَرْبَةَ وَجَلَسَ، فَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ الْإِسْلَامَ، وَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ الْقُرْآنَ، قَالَا: فَعَرَفْنَا وَاَللَّهِ فِي وَجْهِهِ الْإِسْلَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ، لِإِشْرَاقِهِ وَتَسَهُّلِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمَا: كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُونَ إذَا أَنْتُمْ أَسْلَمْتُمْ وَدَخَلْتُمْ فِي هَذَا الدِّينِ ؟ قَالَا: تَغْتَسِلُ فَتَطَّهَّرُ وَتُطَهِّرُ ثَوْبَيْكَ، ثُمَّ تَشْهَدُ شَهَادَةَ الْحَقِّ، ثُمَّ تُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ، قَالَ: فَقَامَ فَاغْتَسَلَ وَطَهَّرَ ثَوْبَيْهِ، وَتَشَهَّدَ شَهَادَةَ الْحَقِّ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ حَرْبَتَهُ، فَأَقْبَلَ عَامِدًا إلَى نَادِي قَوْمِهِ وَمَعَهُ أُسَيْدُ بْنُ حُضَيْرٍ. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا رَآهُ قَوْمُهُ مُقْبِلًا، قَالُوا: نَحْلِفُ بِاَللَّهِ لَقَدْ رَجَعَ إلَيْكُمْ سَعْدٌ بِغَيْرِ الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي ذَهَبَ بِهِ مِنْ عِنْدِكُمْ، فَلَمَّا وَقَفَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَالَ: يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ الْأَشْهَلِ، كَيْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ أَمْرِي فِيكُمْ ؟ قَالُوا: سَيِّدُنَا ( وَأَوْصَلُنَا ) وَأَفْضَلُنَا رَأْيًا، وَأَيْمَنُنَا نَقِيبَةً، قَالَ: فَإِنَّ كَلَامَ رِجَالِكُمْ وَنِسَائِكُمْ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ حَتَّى تُؤْمِنُوا بِاَللَّهِ وَبِرَسُولِهِ قَالَا: فَوَاَللَّهِ مَا أَمْسَى فِي دَارِ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْأَشْهَلِ رَجُلٌ وَلَا امْرَأَةٌ إلَّا مُسْلِمًا وَمُسْلِمَةً. وَرَجَعَ أَسْعَدُ وَمُصْعَبٌ إلَى مَنْزِلِ أَسْعَدَ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ، فَأَقَامَ عِنْدَهُ يَدْعُو النَّاسَ إلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، حَتَّى لَمْ تَبْقَ دَارٌ مِنْ دُورِ الْأَنْصَارِ إلَّا وَفِيهَا رِجَالٌ وَنِسَاءٌ مُسْلِمُونَ، إلَّا مَا كَانَ مِنْ دَارِ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَخَطْمَةَ وَوَائِلٍ وَوَاقِفٍ، وَتِلْكَ أَوْسُ اللَّهِ، وَهُمْ مِنْ الْأَوْسِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِيهِمْ أَبُو قَيْسِ بْنُ الْأَسْلَتِ، وَهُوَ صَيْفِيٌّ، وَكَانَ شَاعِرًا لَهُمْ قَائِدًا يَسْتَمِعُونَ مِنْهُ وَيُطِيعُونَهُ، فَوَقَفَ بِهِمْ عَنْ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ حَتَّى هَاجَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَمَضَى بَدْرٌ وَأُحُدٌ وَالْخَنْدَقُ، وَقَالَ فِيمَا رَأَى مِنْ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَمَا اخْتَلَفَ النَّاسُ فِيهِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ:: أَرَبَّ النَّاسِ أَشْيَاءُ أَلَمَّتْ يُلَفُّ الصَّعْبُ مِنْهَا بِالذَّلُولِ أَرَبَّ النَّاسِ أَمَّا إذْ ضَلِلْنَا فَيَسِّرْنَا لِمَعْرُوفِ السَّبِيلِ فَلَوْلَا رَبُّنَا كُنَّا يَهُودًا وَمَا دِينُ الْيَهُودِ بِذِي شُكُولِ وَلَوْلَا رَبُّنَا كُنَّا نَصَارَى مَعَ الرُّهْبَانِ فِي جَبَلِ الْجَلِيلِ وَلَكِنَّا خُلِقْنَا إذْ خُلِقْنَا حَنِيفًا دِينُنَا عَنْ كُلِّ جِيلِ نَسُوقُ الْهَدْيَ تَرْسُفُ مُذْعِنَاتٍ مُكَشِّفَةَ الْمَنَاكِبِ فِي الْجُلُولِ قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ. أَنْشَدَنِي قَوْلَهُ: فَلَوْلَا رَبُّنَا، وَقَوْلَهُ: لَوْلَا رَبُّنَا، وَقَوْلَهُ: مُكَشِّفَةَ الْمَنَاكِبِ فِي الْجُلُولِ، رَجُلٌ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ، أَوْ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ
Translation
✧ [Asʿad b. Zurārah and Muṣʿab b. ʿUmayr, and the conversion of Saʿd b. Muʿādh and Usayd b. Ḥuḍayr] Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿUbayd Allāh b. al-Mughīrah b. Muʿayqib and ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Bakr b. Muḥammad b. ʿAmr b. Ḥazm narrated to me that Asʿad b. Zurārah went out with Muṣʿab b. ʿUmayr, intending to take him to the abode of the Banū ʿAbd al-Ashhal and the abode of the Banū Ẓafar; and Saʿd b. Muʿādh b. al-Nuʿmān b. Imriʾ al-Qays b. Zayd b. ʿAbd al-Ashhal was the son of Asʿad b. Zurārah's maternal aunt. He entered with him into one of the walled gardens of the Banū Ẓafar. Ibn Hishām said: The name of Ẓafar was Kaʿb b. al-Ḥārith b. al-Khazraj b. ʿAmr b. Mālik b. al-Aws. They said: At a well called Biʾr Maraq, and they sat in the garden. Men of those who had accepted Islam gathered around them, while Saʿd b. Muʿādh and Usayd b. Ḥuḍayr were that day the chiefs of their people from the Banū ʿAbd al-Ashhal, and both were polytheists following the religion of their people. When they heard of them, Saʿd b. Muʿādh said to Usayd b. Ḥuḍayr: May you have no father, go to these two men who have come to our abodes to make fools of our weak ones. Deter them and forbid them from coming to our abodes, for were it not that Asʿad b. Zurārah is of me as you know—he is the son of my maternal aunt—I would spare you that, and I find no way to proceed against him. He said: So Usayd b. Ḥuḍayr took his spear and then went toward them. When Asʿad b. Zurārah saw him, he said to Muṣʿab b. ʿUmayr: This is the chief of his people who has come to you; be truthful to Allah concerning him. Muṣʿab said: If he sits, I will speak with him. He said: He stood over them reviling them and said: What has brought you two to us, making fools of our weak ones? Withdraw from us if you have any need of your own selves. Muṣʿab said to him: Will you sit and listen? If you approve of a matter, you may accept it; and if you dislike it, what you dislike will be withheld from you. He said: You have been fair. Then he planted his spear in the ground and sat with them. Muṣʿab spoke to him about Islam and recited the Quran to him. They said—concerning what is mentioned of the two of them: By Allah, we recognized Islam in his face before he spoke, in its radiance and ease. Then he said: How excellent and beautiful is this speech. What do you do when you want to enter this religion? They said to him: You bathe and purify yourself and purify your two garments, then you bear witness to the testimony of truth, then you pray. So he rose, bathed, purified his two garments, bore witness to the testimony of truth, then stood and bowed twice. Then he said to them: Behind me is a man who, if he follows you two, none of his people will lag behind him. I shall send him to you now—Saʿd b. Muʿādh. Then he took his spear and departed to Saʿd and his people while they were sitting in their assembly. When Saʿd b. Muʿādh saw him approaching, he said: I swear by Allah, Usayd has come to you with a different face from the one with which he left you. When he stood before the assembly, Saʿd said to him: What did you do? He said: I spoke with the two men. By Allah, I saw no harm in them, and I forbade them. They said: We will do whatever you like. I have also been told that the Banū Ḥārithah have gone out to Asʿad b. Zurārah to kill him, because they know that he is your maternal aunt's son, in order to disgrace you. He said: Saʿd rose angry and hastening, fearing what had been mentioned to him about the Banū Ḥārithah, and took the spear from his hand. Then he said: By Allah, I do not think you have availed anything. Then he went out to the two of them. When Saʿd saw the two of them at ease, Saʿd knew that Usayd had only wanted him to hear from them. He stood over them reviling them and said to Asʿad b. Zurārah: O Abū Umāmah, by Allah, were it not for the kinship between me and you, you would not have sought this from me. Would you come upon us in our abodes with what we dislike? And Asʿad b. Zurārah had said to Muṣʿab b. ʿUmayr: O Muṣʿab, by Allah, the chief of those behind him of his people has come to you. If he follows you, not two of them will lag behind you. He said: Muṣʿab said to him: Will you sit and listen? If you approve of a matter and desire it, you may accept it; and if you dislike it, we will remove from you what you dislike. Saʿd said: You have been fair. Then he planted the spear in the ground and sat. He presented Islam to him and recited the Quran to him. They said: By Allah, we recognized Islam in his face before he spoke, because of its radiance and ease. Then he said to them: How do you do when you have submitted and entered this religion? They said: You bathe and purify yourself and purify your two garments, then you bear witness to the testimony of truth, then you pray two rakʿahs. He said: So he rose, bathed, purified his two garments, bore witness to the testimony of truth, then bowed twice. Then he took his spear and came heading to the assembly of his people, with Usayd b. Ḥuḍayr with him. He said: When his people saw him approaching, they said: We swear by Allah, Saʿd has returned to you with a different face from the one with which he left you. When he stood before them, he said: O Banū ʿAbd al-Ashhal, how do you regard my position among you? They said: You are our chief, the most competent of us, the best of us in judgment, and the most fortunate of us in outcome. He said: Then the speech of your men and your women is forbidden to me until you believe in Allah and His Messenger. They said: By Allah, no man or woman remained in the abode of the Banū ʿAbd al-Ashhal by evening except as a Muslim, male and female. Asʿad and Muṣʿab returned to the dwelling of Asʿad b. Zurārah, and he stayed with him calling people to Islam, until no abode remained among the dwellings of the Anṣār but that there were Muslim men and women in it, except for what was of the abode of the Banū Umayyah b. Zayd, Khaṭmah, Wāʾil, and Wāqif—and those are Aws Allāh, and they are of the Aws b. Ḥārithah. That was because among them was Abū Qays b. al-Aslat, and he was Ṣayfī, a poet and leader to them, whom they listened to and obeyed, and he held them back from Islam. He remained thus until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ emigrated to Madinah, and Badr, Uḥud, and the Trench had passed. He said concerning what he saw of Islam and what people differed about in its affair: The people's affairs came upon them suddenly; the difficult is joined with the easy. O people, since we have gone astray, make easy for us the known path. Were it not for our Lord, we would be Jews, and the religion of the Jews is not of any proper kind. Were it not for our Lord, we would be Christians with the monks on Mount al-Jalīl. But we were created, when created, as ḥanīf, our religion apart from every other. We drive the sacrificial animals, they walk swiftly subdued, with uncovered shoulders in their coverings. Ibn Hishām said: A man of the Anṣār or of Khuzāʿah recited to me his saying: Were it not for our Lord, and his saying: Were it not for our Lord, and his saying: With uncovered shoulders in their coverings.
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