Tarikh (al-Tabari) 891
Some matters that occurred between the Messenger ﷺ and the Jews, Christians, and hypocrites in al-Madinah al-Munawwarah
بَعْضُ أُمُورٍ دَارَتْ بَيْنَ الرَّسُولِ ﷺ وَبَيْنَ الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ الْمُنَوَّرَةِ. لَقَدْ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْعَهْدَ عَلَى الْأُمَمِ السَّابِقَةِ وَمِنْهُمُ الْيَهُودُ عَلَى الْإِيمَانِ بِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، وَقَدْ أَقَرُّوا بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: وَإِذْ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِيثَاقَ النَّبِيِّينَ لَمَا آتَيْتُكُمْ مِنْ كِتَابٍ وَحِكْمَةٍ ثُمَّ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمَا مَعَكُمْ لَتُؤْمِنُنَّ بِهِ وَلَتَنْصُرُنَّهُ قَالَ أَأَقْرَرْتُمْ وَأَخَذْتُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكُمْ إِصْرِي قَالُوا أَقْرَرْنَا قَالَ فَاشْهَدُوا وَأَنَا مَعَكُمْ مِنَ الشَّاهِدِينَ بَلْ كَانَتِ الْيَهُودُ يَسْتَفْتِحُونَ عَلَى كُفَّارِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ وَكَانُوا يَدْعُونَ اللَّهَ أَنْ يَبْعَثَهُ لِيُقَاتِلُوا بِهِ الْعَرَبَ وَكَانُوا كَثِيرًا مَا يَذْكُرُونَ ذَلِكَ لِلْعَرَبِ، فَلَمَّا أَكْرَمَ اللَّهُ الْعَرَبَ بِأَنْ خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِنْهُمْ نَاصَبَتْهُ الْيَهُودُ الْعَدَوَاةَ وَكَفَرُوا بِمَا كَانُوا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ مِنْ قَبْلُ. وَقَدْ دَأَبَتْ يَهُودُ عَلَى كِتْمَانِ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ لَاسِيَّمَا مَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَصِفَتِهِ وَقَدْ وَعَظَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي ذَلِكَ وَلَمَّا مَنَّ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِالنَّصْرِ فِي غَزْوَةِ بَدْرٍ جَمَعَ بَنِي الْقَيْنُقَاعِ فِي سُوقِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَحَذَّرَهُمْ مِنْ مَصِيرٍ كَمَصِيرِ قُرَيْشٍ فَرَدُّوا عَلَيْهِ بِأَسْوَءِ رَدٍّ قَبَّحَهُمُ اللَّهُ. وَقَدْ كَانَ مِنْ أَشْهَرِ الْيَهُودِ عَدَاوَةً لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ: حُيَيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ، وَأَخَوَاهُ أَبُو يَاسِرٍ وَجُدَيُّ ابْنَا أَخْطَبَ، وَسَلَّامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمٍ، وَكِنَانَةُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحَقِيقِ، وَسَلَّامُ بْنُ أَبِي الْحَقِيقِ وَكَعْبُ بْنُ الْأَشْرَفِ... وَغَيْرُهُمْ. وَرَغْمَ مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ الْيَهُودُ مِنَ الْعَدَاوَةِ إِلَّا أَنَّ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ كَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ ؓ، وَلَهُ قِصَّةٌ فِي إِسْلَامِهِ وَمَدْحِ الْيَهُودِ إِيَّاهُ أَمَامَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ثُمَّ ذَمِّهِ عِنْدَمَا عَلِمُوا بِإِسْلَامِهِ، وَكَمُخَيْرِيقَ الَّذِي قَاتَلَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي أُحُدٍ حَتَّى قُتِلَ وَقَدْ قَالَ فِيهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: مُخَيْرِيقُ خَيْرُ الْيَهُودِ. كَمَا أَسْلَمَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَحْبَارِ يَهُودَ تَقِيَّةً وَنِفَاقًا، مِنْهُمْ سَعْدُ بْنُ حُنَيْفٍ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ اللَّصِيتِ، وَرَافِعُ بْنُ حُرَيْمِلَةَ وَغَيْرُهُمْ. كَمَا دَأَبَتْ يَهُودُ عَلَى اخْتِبَارِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِالْأَسْئِلَةِ الَّتِي لَا يَعْرِفُهَا إِلَّا نَبِيٌّ فَكَانَ مِمَّا سَأَلُوا عَنْهُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: كَيْفَ يُشْبِهُ الْوَلَدُ أُمَّهُ وَإِنَّمَا النُّطْفَةُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ، وَكَيْفَ نَوْمُكَ، وَسَأَلُوهُ عَمَّا حَرَّمَ إِسْرَائِيلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ، وَعَنِ الرُّوحِ. فَأَتَى الْوَحْيُ بِالْإِجَابَةِ إِلَّا أَنَّ مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ هَدَاهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَضَلَّهُ وَعَمَاهُ. كَمَا دَأَبَتْ يَهُودُ عَلَى مُحَاوَلَةِ إِثَارَةِ الْفِتْنَةِ بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كَمَا حَدَثَ مِنْ شَاسِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ وَمُحَاوَلَتِهِ الْإِيقَاعَ بَيْنَ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ حَتَّى كَادَ يَقَعُ بَيْنَهُمَا شَرٌّ. وَقَدْ بَالَغَ الْيَهُودُ بِالشَّرِّ حَتَّى إِنَّهُمْ نَسَبُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ النَّقْصَ - تَعَالَى اللَّهُ عَمَّا يَقُولُ الْكَافِرُونَ عُلُوًّا كَبِيرًا - كَمَا افْتَرَوْا عَلَيْهِ كَذِبًا فَقَالُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ، وَقَدْ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ بِتَكْذِيبِهِمْ وَتُنَاقِضِهِمْ، وَقَدْ بَلَغَتْ بِهِمُ الْعَدَاوَةُ إِلَى سِحْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَدْ نَجَّاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ وَأَبْطَلَ سِحْرَهُمْ. هَذَا وَقَدْ وَقَعَ مِنْ أَحْبَارِ يَهُودَ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى مَا كَانُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الضَّلَالِ، فَادَّعَوْا قِلَّةَ الْعَذَابِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَأَنَّهُ سَبْعَةُ أَيَّامٍ، كَمَا أَنْكَرُوا نُبُوَّةَ سُلَيْمَانَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَنُبُوَّةَ عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ طَلَبَ أَنْ يُكَلِّمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى، كَمَا أَنْكَرُوا نُزُولَ الْوَحْيِ بَعْدَ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَادَّعَوْا أَنَّهُمْ أَحِبَّاءُ اللَّهِ مَعَ ادِّعَائِهِمْ أَنَّ عُزَيْرًا ابْنُ اللَّهِ - تَعَالَى اللَّهُ عَمَّا يَقُولُونَ عُلُوًّا كَبِيرًا سُبْحَانَهُ - وَحَاوَلُوا الْغَدْرَ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَتْلِهِ، إِلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَنْوَاعِ الضَّلَالِ. وَمِمَّا تَجْدُرُ الْإِشَارَةُ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّ عَدَدًا مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ مِنَ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ قَدْ مَالُوا إِلَى الْيَهُودِ وَاتَّخَذُوهُمْ بِطَانَةً لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَمِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ: الْحَارِثُ بْنُ سُوِيدٍ، وَجُلَّاسُ بْنُ سُوِيدِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، وَمُعَتِّبُ بْنُ قُشَيْرٍ، وَثَعْلَبَةُ بْنُ حَاطِبٍ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيِّ ابْنِ سَلُولَ وَغَيْرُهُمْ.
Translation
✧ Some matters that occurred between the Messenger ﷺ and the Jews, Christians, and hypocrites in al-Madinah al-Munawwarah. Allah, may He be exalted, took the covenant from the previous nations, among them the Jews, to believe in Muhammad ﷺ, and they acknowledged that. For He said: "And when Allah took the covenant of the prophets: 'Whatever I give you of the Scripture and wisdom and then there comes to you a messenger confirming what is with you, you must believe in him and support him.' He said, 'Have you acknowledged and taken upon that My covenant?' They said, 'We have acknowledged.' He said, 'Then bear witness, and I am with you among the witnesses.'" (Qur'an 3:81) Indeed, the Jews used to seek victory over the disbelievers of al-Madinah and others, and they used to call upon Allah to send him so that they might fight the Arabs through him, and they frequently mentioned that to the Arabs. But when Allah honored the Arabs by bringing forth the Prophet ﷺ from among them, the Jews showed enmity to him and disbelieved in what they had previously believed in. The Jews persisted in concealing what Allah, glory be to Him, had revealed, especially what related to the Prophet ﷺ and his description. The Prophet ﷺ admonished them about that. When Allah, may He be exalted, granted victory at the battle of Badr, he gathered Banu Qaynuqa' in the market of al-Madinah and called them to Islam and warned them of a fate like the fate of Quraysh, but they replied to him with the worst reply—may Allah disfigure them. Among the most famous Jews in enmity toward the Prophet ﷺ and those who believed with him were: Huyayy b. Akhtab, and his two brothers Abu Yasir and Judayy, the two sons of Akhtab, Sallam b. Mishkam, Kinanah b. al-Rabi' b. Abi al-Huqayq, Sallam b. Abi al-Huqayq, and Ka'b b. al-Ashraf... and others. Despite the enmity of the Jews, some of them embraced Islam, such as 'Abd Allah b. Salam ؓ. There is a story about his conversion and the Jews' praise of him before the Prophet ﷺ, then their disparagement of him when they learned of his Islam, and Mukhayriq, who fought alongside the Prophet ﷺ at Uhud until he was killed. The Prophet ﷺ said about him: "Mukhayriq is the best of the Jews." Also, a group of Jewish rabbis embraced Islam out of dissimulation and hypocrisy, among them Sa'd b. Hunayf, Zayd b. al-Lasit, Rafi' b. Huraymilah, and others. The Jews also persisted in testing the Prophet ﷺ with questions that none but a prophet would know. Among what they asked the Prophet ﷺ: how a child resembles its mother when the seminal fluid is from the man, how is your sleep, they asked him about what Israel forbade upon himself, and about the spirit. Then revelation came with the answer, except that whomever Allah willed He guided, and whomever He willed He led astray and blinded. The Jews also persisted in attempting to stir up sedition among the believers, as happened with Shas b. Qays and his attempt to cause discord between al-Aws and al-Khazraj until evil almost occurred between them. The Jews went to extremes in evil, to the point that they attributed deficiency to Allah, glory be to Him—exalted is Allah above what the disbelievers say, in great sublimity—and they fabricated lies against Him, saying: "Allah has not sent down anything to any human being." The Qur'an came down to refute them and expose their contradictions. Their enmity reached the point of bewitching the Prophet ﷺ, and Allah delivered him from them and nullified their sorcery. Moreover, what occurred from the Jewish rabbis indicates the misguidance they were upon. They claimed that the punishment on the Day of Resurrection would be little, only seven days, and they denied the prophethood of Solomon ﷺ and the prophethood of Jesus ﷺ. Some of them asked that Allah, may He be exalted, speak to them, and they denied the descent of revelation after Moses ﷺ, and claimed that they were the beloved of Allah while also claiming that Ezra was the son of Allah—exalted is Allah above what they say, in great sublimity, glory be to Him. They attempted treachery against the Prophet ﷺ and sought to kill him, in addition to other forms of misguidance. It is worth noting that a number of hypocrites from al-Aws and al-Khazraj inclined toward the Jews and took them as intimates instead of the believers. Among these hypocrites were: al-Harith b. Suwayd, Julas b. Suwayd b. al-Samit, Mu'attib b. Qushayr, Tha'labah b. Hatib, 'Abd Allah b. Ubayy b. Salul, and others.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.