Tarikh (al-Tabari) 404
the accounts of past peoples from the Israelites and others
وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ؓ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَجُلًا قَرَأَ آيَةً، وَسَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقْرَأُ خِلَافَهَا فَجِئْتُ بِهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَعَرَفْتُ فِي وَجْهِهِ الْكَرَاهِيَةَ، وَقَالَ: كِلَاكُمَا مُحْسِنٌ وَلَا تَخْتَلِفُوا فَإِنَّ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمُ اخْتَلَفُوا فَهَلَكُوا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ الْبُخَارِيُّ دُونَ مُسْلِمٍ. وقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: إِنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: إِنَّ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى لَا يَصْبِغُونَ فَخَالِفُوهُمْ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ دُونَ مُسْلِمٍ، وَفِي سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ صَلُّوا فِي نِعَالِكُمْ خَالِفُوا الْيَهُودَ.. وقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ( سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ ؓ يَقُولُ: قَاتَلَ اللَّهُ فُلَانًا أَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ، حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الشُّحُومُ فَجَمَلُوهَا فَبَاعُوهَا رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ بِهِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ تَابَعَهُ جَابِرٌ، وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: بسنده عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: ذَكَرُوا النَّارَ وَالنَّاقُوسَ فَذَكَرُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى، فَأُمِرَ بِلَالٌ أَنْ يَشْفَعَ الْأَذَانَ، وَأَنْ يُوْتِرَ الْإِقَامَةَ وَأَخْرَجَهُ بَقِيَّةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الْجَرْمِيِّ بِهِ. وَالْمَقْصُودُ مِنْ هَذَا مُخَالَفَةُ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فِي جَمِيعِ شِعَارِهِمْ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ كَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَتَحَيَّنُونَ وَقْتَ الصَّلَاةِ بِغَيْرِ دَعْوَةٍ إِلَيْهَا، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ مَنْ يُنَادِي فِيهِمْ وَقْتَ الصَّلَاةِ: الصَّلَاةُ جَامِعَةٌ، ثُمَّ أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَدْعُوَا إِلَيْهَا بِشَيْءٍ يَعْرِفُهُ النَّاسُ فَقَالَ قَائِلُونَ: نَضْرِبُ بِالنَّاقُوسِ، وَقَالَ آخَرُ: نُورِي نَارًا فَكَرِهُوا ذَلِكَ لِمُشَابِهَةِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فَأُرِيَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ فِي مَنَامِهِ الْأَذَانَ، فَقَصَّهَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَمَرَ بِلَالًا فَنَادَى بِهِ كَمَا هُوَ مَبْسُوطٌ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ مِنْ بَابِ الْأَذَانِ فِي كِتَابِ " الْأَحْكَامِ ". وقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ، وَابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَا: لَمَّا نُزِلَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ طَفِقَ يَطْرَحُ خَمِيصَةً عَلَى وَجْهِهِ فَاذَا اغْتَمَّ كَشَفَهَا عَنْ وَجْهِهِ فَقَالَ وَهُوَ كَذَلِكَ: لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى اتَّخَذُوا قُبُورَ أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ مَسَاجِدَ يُحَذِّرُ مَا صَنَعُوا وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعٍ، وَمُسْلِمٌ مِنْ طُرُقٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ بِهِ. وقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: لَتَتَّبِعُنَّ سُنَنَ مَنْ قَبْلَكُمْ شِبْرًا بِشِبْرٍ، وَذِرَاعًا بِذِرَاعٍ حَتَّى لَوْ سَلَكُوا جُحْرَ ضَبٍّ لَسَلَكْتُمُوهُ، قُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى، قَالَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: فَمَنْ ؟ ! وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ بِهِ. وَالْمَقْصُودُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارِ عَمَّا يَقَعُ مِنَ الْأَقْوَالِ وَالْأَفْعَالِ الْمَنْهِيِّ عَنْهَا شَرْعًا مِمَّا يُشَابِهُ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ قَبْلَنَا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يَنْهَيَانِ عَنْ مُشَابِهَتِهِمْ فِي أَقْوَالِهِمْ وَأَفْعَالِهِمْ حَتَّى وَلَوْ كَانَ قَصْدُ الْمُؤْمِنِ خَيْرًا، لَكِنَّهُ تَشَبَّهَ بِفِعْلِهِ فِي الظَّاهِرِ مِنْ فِعْلِهِمْ. وَكَمَا نُهِيَ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ عِنْدَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَعِنْدَ غُرُوبِهَا; لِئَلَّا يُشَابِهَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ الَّذِينَ يَسْجُدُونَ لِلشَّمْسِ حِينَئِذٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمُؤْمِنُ لَا يَخْطُرُ بِبَالِهِ شَيْءٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ. وَهَكَذَا قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقُولُوا رَاعِنَا وَقُولُوا انْظُرْنَا وَاسْمَعُوا وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ [ الْبَقَرَةِ: 104 ] فَكَانَ الْكُفَّارُ يَقُولُونَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي كَلَامِهِمْ مَعَهُ: رَاعِ نَا أَيِ: انْظُرْ إِلَيْنَا بِبَصَرِكَ، وَاسْمَعْ كَلَامَنَا، وَيَقْصِدُونَ بِقَوْلِهِمْ: رَاعِنَا مِنَ الرُّعُونَةِ فَنُهِيَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ أَنْ يَقُولُوا ذَلِكَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ لَا يَخْطُرُ بِبَالِ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ هَذَا أَبَدًا. فَقَدْ رَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ بُعِثْتُ بِالسَّيْفِ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ السَّاعَةِ حَتَّى يُعْبَدَ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَجُعِلَ رِزْقِي تَحْتَ ظِلِّ رُمْحِي، وَجُعِلَ الذِّلَّةُ وَالصَّغَارُ عَلَى مَنْ خَالَفَ أَمْرِي، وَمَنْ تَشَبَّهَ بِقَوْمٍ فَهُوَ مِنْهُمْ فَلَيْسَ لِلْمُسْلِمِ أَنْ يَتَشَبَّهَ بِهِمْ; لَا فِي عِبَادَاتِهِمْ وَلَا مَوَاسِمِهِمْ وَلَا فِي أَعْيَادِهِمْ; لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى شَرَّفَ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةَ بِخَاتَمِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ الَّذِي شَرَعَ لَهُ الدِّينَ الْعَظِيمَ الْقَوِيمَ الشَّامِلَ الْكَامِلَ الَّذِي لَوْ كَانَ مُوسَى بْنُ عِمْرَانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيْهِ التَّوْرَاةُ، وَعِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ الْإِنْجِيلُ حَيَّيْنِ، لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمَا شَرْعٌ مُتَّبَعٌ بَلْ لَوْ كَانَا مَوْجُودَيْنِ بَلْ وَكُلُّ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ لَمَا سَاغَ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يَكُونُ عَلَى غَيْرِ هَذِهِ الشَّرِيعَةِ الْمُطَهَّرَةِ الْمُشَرَّفَةِ الْمُكَرَّمَةِ الْمُعَظَّمَةِ، فَإِذَا كَانَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى قَدْ مَنَّ عَلَيْنَا، بِأَنْ جَعَلَنَا مِنْ أَتْبَاعِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ فَكَيْفَ يَلِيقُ بِنَا أَنْ نَتَشَبَّهَ بِقَوْمٍ، قَدْ ضَلُّوا مِنْ قَبْلُ وَأَضَلُّوا كَثِيرًا وَضَلُّوا عَنْ سَوَاءِ السَّبِيلِ [ الْمَائِدَةِ: 77 ] قَدْ بَدَّلُوا دِينَهُمْ وَحَرَّفُوهُ وَأَوَّلُوهُ حَتَّى صَارَ كَأَنَّهُ غَيْرُ مَا شُرِعَ لَهُمْ أَوَّلًا، ثُمَّ هُوَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ كُلُّهُ مَنْسُوخٌ وَالتَّمَسُّكُ بِالْمَنْسُوخِ حَرَامٌ لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ قَلِيلًا وَلَا كَثِيرًا وَلَا فَرْقَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِي لَمْ يُشْرَعْ بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ وَاللَّهُ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ.
Translation
✧ Al-Bukhārī said with his chain of transmission on the authority of Ibn Masʿūd ؓ who said: I heard a man recite a verse, and I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ recite something different from it, so I brought him to the Prophet ﷺ and informed him. I recognized dislike in his face, and he said: "Both of you are doing well. Do not differ, for those before you differed and were destroyed." Al-Bukhārī alone narrated it, not Muslim. Al-Bukhārī said with his chain of transmission on the authority of Ibn Shihāb who said: Abū Salamah b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said: Abū Hurayrah said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The Jews and Christians do not dye (their hair), so differ from them." Al-Bukhārī alone narrated it, not Muslim. And in the Sunan of Abū Dāwūd: "Pray in your sandals; differ from the Jews." Al-Bukhārī said with his chain of transmission on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: I heard ʿUmar ؓ say: "May Allah fight so-and-so! Did he not know that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: May Allah curse the Jews; fats were forbidden to them, so they melted them and sold them." Muslim narrated it from the ḥadīth of Ibn ʿUyaynah and from the ḥadīth of ʿAmr b. Dīnār with it. Then al-Bukhārī said: Jābir and Abū Hurayrah followed him in reporting it from the Prophet ﷺ. Al-Bukhārī said with his chain of transmission on the authority of Anas b. Mālik who said: They mentioned fire and the bell, so they mentioned the Jews and Christians. Bilāl was commanded to make the call to prayer twice and the iqāmah once. The rest of the group transmitted it from the ḥadīth of Abū Qilābah ʿAbdallāh b. Zayd al-Jarmī with it. The point of this is to differ from the People of the Book in all their distinguishing marks. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to Madinah, the Muslims used to watch for the time of prayer without any call to it. Then he commanded someone to call out among them at prayer time: "Prayer in congregation." Then they wanted to call to it with something people would recognize. Some said, "We strike the bell," and another said, "We light a fire." They disliked that because of resemblance to the People of the Book. Then ʿAbdallāh b. Zayd b. ʿAbd Rabbihi al-Anṣārī saw the call to prayer in a dream, and he related it to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He commanded Bilāl, and he called with it, as is expounded in its proper place in the chapter on the call to prayer in the book of legal rulings. Al-Bukhārī said with his chain of transmission that ʿĀʾishah and Ibn ʿAbbās said: When (death) descended upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he began to throw a cloak over his face, and when he felt distressed he uncovered his face and said while in that state: "May Allah's curse be upon the Jews and Christians; they took the graves of their prophets as mosques," warning against what they did. Thus he narrated it in more than one place, and Muslim from several paths on the authority of al-Zuhrī with it. Al-Bukhārī said with his chain of transmission on the authority of Abū Saʿīd that the Prophet ﷺ said: "You will surely follow the ways of those before you, span by span and cubit by cubit, until if they entered a lizard's hole you would enter it." We said: "O Messenger of Allah, the Jews and Christians?" The Prophet ﷺ said: "Who else?" Muslim likewise narrated it from the ḥadīth of Zayd b. Aslam with it. The point of these reports about what occurs of sayings and deeds prohibited by the law that resemble the People of the Book before us is that Allah and His Messenger prohibit resembling them in their sayings and deeds, even if the believer's intention is good, because he resembles their outward action. Just as prayer at sunrise and sunset is prohibited so as not to resemble the polytheists who prostrate to the sun then, even though the believer does not think of any of that at all. Likewise His saying, exalted be He: O you who believe, do not say Rāʿinā but say Unẓurnā and listen, and for the disbelievers is a painful punishment [al-Baqarah: 104]. The disbelievers used to say to the Prophet ﷺ in their speech with him: Rāʿinā, meaning "look at us with your sight and hear our words," but by their saying Rāʿinā they intended "foolishness." So the believers were prohibited from saying that, even though none of them would ever think of this at all. Imām Aḥmad and al-Tirmidhī narrated from the ḥadīth of ʿAbdallāh b. ʿUmar from the Prophet ﷺ that he said: "I was sent with the sword before the Hour so that Allah alone may be worshipped with no partner. My provision was placed under the shade of my spear, and humiliation and abasement were placed upon whoever opposes my command. Whoever imitates a people is one of them." It is not for a Muslim to imitate them, not in their acts of worship, their festivals, or their holidays, because Allah, exalted be He, honored this nation with the seal of the prophets, for whom He legislated the great, upright, comprehensive, perfect religion, which, if Mūsā b. ʿImrān, to whom the Torah was sent down, and ʿĪsā b. Maryam, to whom the Gospel was sent down, were alive, they would have no law to be followed. Rather, if they and all the prophets existed, it would not be permissible for any one of them to be upon other than this purified, honored, ennobled, magnified law. Since Allah, exalted be He, has favored us by making us followers of Muḥammad ﷺ, how is it fitting for us to imitate a people who went astray before and led many astray and strayed from the even path [al-Māʾidah: 77]? They altered their religion, distorted it, and interpreted it until it became as if it were other than what was legislated for them initially. Moreover, all of it is abrogated, and holding to what is abrogated is forbidden; Allah does not accept from it little or much, and there is no difference between it and what was never legislated at all. Allah guides whom He wills to a straight path.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.