Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3734
The Year 309 AH
أَشْيَاءَ مِنْ حِيَلِ الْحَلَّاجِ كَانَ ابْتِدَاءُ حَالِهِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُظْهِرُ الزُّهْدَ وَالتَّصَوُّفَ، وَيُظْهِرُ الْكَرَامَاتِ، وَيُخْرِجُ لِلنَّاسِ فَاكِهَةَ الشِّتَاءِ فِي الصَّيْفِ وَفَاكِهَةَ الصَّيْفِ فِي الشِّتَاءِ، وَيَمُدُّ يَدَهُ إِلَى الْهَوَاءِ فَيُعِيدُهَا مَمْلُوءَةً دَرَاهِمَ عَلَيْهَا مَكْتُوبٌ: قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ، وَيُسَمِّيهَا دَرَاهِمَ الْقُدْرَةِ وَيُخْبِرُ النَّاسَ بِمَا أَكَلُوهُ، وَمَا صَنَعُوهُ فِي بُيُوتِهِمْ، وَيَتَكَلَّمُ بِمَا فِي ضَمَائِرِهِمْ فَافْتُتِنَ بِهِ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ وَاعْتَقَدُوا فِي الْحُلُولِ ورَوَى الْخَطِيبُ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ أَنَّ الْحَلَّاجَ أَنْفَذَ رَجُلًا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى بَعْضِ بِلَادِ الْجَبَلِ، فَأَقَامَ بِتِلْكَ الْبَلْدَةِ يُظْهِرُ لَهُمُ الصَّلَاحَ وَالنُّسُكَ وَيَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ، فَأَقَامَ فِيهِمْ مُدَّةً عَلَى ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ أَظْهَرَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ قَدْ عَمِيَ، فَمَكَثَ حِينًا عَلَى ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ أَظْهَرَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ زَمِنَ، وَكَانَ أَوَّلًا يُقَادُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ ثُمَّ صَارَ يُحْمَلُ، فَمَكَثَ سَنَةً كَذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ: إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: سَيَرِدُ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْبَلْدَةِ رَجُلٌ صَالِحٌ يَكُونُ شِفَاؤُكَ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ، فَمَا كَانَ مِنْ قَرِيبٍ حَتَّى كَانَ الْوَقْتُ الَّذِي وَاعَدَهُ فِيهِ الْحَلَّاجُ، وَدَخَلَ الْحَلَّاجُ الْبَلْدَةَ مُخْتَفِيًا وَعَلَيْهِ ثِيَابُ صُوفٍ بِيضٌ فَلَزِمَ سَارِيَةً مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ يَتَعَبَّدُ فِيهِ لَا يَلْتَفِتُ إِلَى أَحَدٍ، فَابْتَدَرَ النَّاسُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْمُتَعَامِي الْمُتَزَامِنِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: قَدِمَ رَجُلٌ صَالِحٌ فَهَلُمَّ إِلَيْهِ، فَحَمَلُوهُ حَتَّى وَضَعُوهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَكَلَّمَهُ فَعَرَفَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْمَنَامِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ لِي كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَعَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ أَنْتَ إِيَّاهُ. فَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ وَدَعَا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَالنَّاسُ حُضُورٌ مُتَكَاثِرُونَ يَنْظُرُونَ مَاذَا يَكُونُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ، فَفَتَحَ الرَّجُلُ عَيْنَيْهِ وَقَامَ قَائِمًا عَلَى قَدَمَيْهِ، فَضَجَّ النَّاسُ وَعَظَّمُوا الْحَلَّاجَ تَعْظِيمًا زَائِدًا، وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِحَقٍّ، فَأَقَامَ عِنْدَهُمْ مُدَّةً ثُمَّ خَرَجَ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَظْهُرِهِمْ، وَبَقِيَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ عِنْدَهُمْ عِدَّةَ شُهُورٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّ مِنْ نِعْمَةِ اللَّهِ عَلَيَّ أَنْ رَدَّ عَلَيَّ بَصَرِي وَشَفَانِي وَيَنْبَغِي أَنْ أُجَاهِدَ فِي سَبِيلِهِ بِثَغْرِ طَرَسُوسَ فَعَزَمَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَجَمَعُوا لَهُ مِنْ بَيْنِهِمْ مَالًا جَزِيلًا أُلُوفًا مِنَ الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ، ثُمَّ وَدَّعَهُمْ وَوَدَّعُوهُ، فَذَهَبَ إِلَى الْحَلَّاجِ فَاقْتَسَمَا ذَلِكَ الْمَالَ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ بَعْضِهِمْ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَسْمَعُ أَنَّ الْحَلَّاجَ لَهُ أَحْوَالٌ وَكَرَامَاتٌ فَأَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ أَخْتَبِرَهُ فَجِئْتُهُ فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لِي: تَشَهَّ عَلَيَّ السَّاعَةَ شَيْئًا، فَقُلْتُ: أَشْتَهِي سَمَكًا طَرِيًّا، فَدَخَلَ مَنْزِلَهُ فَغَابَ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ خَرَجَ وَمَعَهُ سَمَكَةٌ تَضْطَرِبُ وَرِجْلَاهُ عَلَيْهِمَا الطِّينُ، فَقَالَ: دَعَوْتُ اللَّهَ فَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ آتِيَ بِالْبَطَائِحِ لِآتِيَكَ بِهَذِهِ، فَخُصْتُ الْأَهْوَازَ وَهَذَا الطِّينُ مِنْهَا. فَقُلْتُ: إِنْ شِئْتَ أَدْخَلْتَنِي مَنْزِلَكَ لِأَكْشِفَ أَمْرَكَ فَإِنْ ظَهَرْتُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ وَإِلَّا آمَنْتُ بِكَ، فَقَالَ: ادْخُلْ، فَدَخَلْتُ فَلَمْ أَجِدْ فِي الْبَيْتِ مَنْفَذًا إِلَى غَيْرِهِ فَتَحَيَّرْتُ فِي أَمْرِهِ ثُمَّ نَظَرْتُ فَإِذَا تَأْزِيرٌ فَكَشَفْتُهُ فَإِذَا مِنَ وَرَائِهِ بَابٌ فَدَخَلْتُ فَخَرَجْتُ مِنْهُ إِلَى بُسْتَانٍ هَائِلٍ فِيهِ مِنْ سَائِرِ الثِّمَارِ الْجَدِيدَةِ وَالْمُعَتَّقَةِ قَدْ أُحْسِنُ إِبْقَاؤُهَا وَإِذَا أَشْيَاءُ كَثِيرَةٌ مُعَدَّةٌ لِلْأَكْلِ وَإِذَا هُنَاكَ بِرْكَةٌ كَبِيرَةٌ فِيهَا سَمَكٌ كَثِيرٌ كِبَارٌ فَدَخَلْتُهَا فَأَخْرَجْتُ مِنْهَا وَاحِدَةً، فَنَالَ رِجْلِي مِنَ الطِّينِ كَمَا نَالَ رَجْلَيْهِ وَجِئْتُ إِلَى الْبَابِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: افْتَحْ قَدْ آمَنْتُ بِكَ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجْتُ وَرَآنِي عَلَى مِثْلِ حَالِهِ جَرَى وَرَائِي لِيَقْتُلَنِي فَضَرَبْتُهُ بِالسَّمَكَةِ فِي وَجْهِهِ، وَقُلْتُ: يَا عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ أَتْعَبْتَنِي فِي هَذَا الْيَوْمِ. وَلَمَّا خَلَصْتُ مِنْهُ لَقِيَنِي بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَضَاحَكَنِي، وَقَالَ: لَا تُفْشِ هَذَا لِأَحَدٍ أَبْعَثْ إِلَيْكَ مَنْ يَقْتُلُكَ عَلَى فِرَاشِكَ. قَالَ: فَلَمْ أُحَدِّثْ بِهِ أَحَدًا حَتَّى صُلِبَ. وَقَدْ قَالَ يَوْمًا لِرَجُلٍ: آمِنْ بِي حَتَّى أَبْعَثَ لَكَ بِعُصْفُورَةٍ تَأْخُذُ مِنْ ذَرْقِهَا وَزْنَ حَبَّةٍ فَتَضَعُهُ عَلَى كَذَا وَكَذَا رِطْلًا مِنْ نُحَاسٍ، فَيَصِيرُ ذَهَبًا، فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ: آمِنْ بِي أَنْتَ حَتَّى أَبْعَثَ إِلَيْكَ بِفِيلٍ إِذَا اسْتَلْقَى عَلَى قَفَاهُ بَلَغَتْ قَوَائِمُهُ السَّمَاءَ وَإِذَا أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تُخْفِيَهُ وَضَعْتَهُ فِي إِحْدَى عَيْنَيْكَ. قَالَ: فَبُهِتَ وَسَكَتَ. وَلَمَّا وَرَدَ بَغْدَادَ جَعَلَ يَدْعُو إِلَى نَفْسِهِ وَيُظْهِرُ أَشْيَاءَ مِنَ الْمَخَارِيقِ وَغَيْرِهَا مِنَ الْأَحْوَالِ الشَّيْطَانِيَّةِ وَأَكْثَرُ مَا كَانَ يُرَوِّجُ عَلَى الرَّافِضَةِ لِقِلَّةِ عُقُولِهِمْ وَضِعْفِ تَمْيِيزِهِمْ بَيْنَ الْحَقِّ وَالْبَاطِلِ فَاسْتَدْعَى يَوْمًا بِرَئِيسٍ مِنَ الرَّافِضَةِ فَدَعَاهُ إِلَى الْإِيمَانِ بِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ: إِنِّي رِجْلٌ أُحِبُّ النِّسَاءَ وَإِنِّي أَصْلَعُ الرَّأْسِ وَقَدْ شِبْتُ فَإِنْ أَنْتَ أَذْهَبْتَ عَنِّي هَذَا وَهَذَا آمَنْتُ أَنَّكَ الْإِمَامُ الْمَعْصُومُ، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ قُلْتُ أَنَّكَ نَبِيٌّ وَإِنْ شِئْتَ قُلْتُ أَنَّكَ أَنْتَ اللَّهُ. قَالَ: فَبُهِتَ الْحَلَّاجُ وَلَمْ يُحِرْ إِلَيْهِ جَوَابًا. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو الْفَرَجِ بْنُ الْجَوْزِيِّ: كَانَ الْحَلَّاجُ مُتَلَوِّنًا كَثِيرَ التَّلَوُّنِ، تَارَةً يَلْبَسُ الْمُسُوحَ وَتَارَةً يَلْبَسُ الدُّرَّاعَةَ وَتَارَةً يَلْبَسُ الْقَبَاءَ وَهُوَ مَعَ كُلِّ قَوْمٍ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِمْ، إِنْ كَانُوا أَهْلَ سُنَّةٍ أَوْ رَافِضَةً أَوْ مُعْتَزِلَةً أَوْ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ. وَلَمَّا أَقَامَ بِالْأَهْوَازِ جَعَلَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْ دَرَاهِمَ يُخْرِجُهَا يُسَمِّيهَا دَرَاهِمَ الْقُدْرَةِ، فَسُئِلَ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْجُبَّائِيُّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ هَذَا كُلَّهُ مِمَّا يُنَالُ بِالْحِيلَةِ وَلَكِنْ أَدْخِلُوهُ بَيْتًا لَا مَنْفَذَ لَهُ ثُمَّ سَلُوهُ أَنْ يُخْرِجَ لَكُمْ جَوْزَتَيْنِ مِنْ شَوْكٍ. فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ الْحَلَّاجَ كَلَامُ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ الْجُبَّائِيِّ تَحَوَّلَ مِنَ الْأَهْوَازِ. قَالَ الْخَطِيبُ:بسنده عن إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْخُطَبِيُّ فِي " تَارِيخِهِ " قَالَ: وَظَهَرَ أَمْرُ رَجُلٍ يُعْرَفُ بِالْحَلَّاجِ يُقَالُ لَهُ: الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، وَكَانَ فِي حَبْسِ السُّلْطَانِ بِسِعَايَةٍ وَقَعَتْ بِهِ، وَذَلِكَ فِي وِزَارَةِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عِيسَى الْأُولَى وَذُكِرَ عَنْهُ ضُرُوبٌ مِنَ الزَّنْدَقَةِ وَوَضْعِ الْحِيَلِ عَلَى تَضْلِيلِ النَّاسِ مِنْ جِهَاتٍ تُشْبِهُ الشَّعْوَذَةَ وَالسِّحْرَ وَادِّعَاءَ النُّبُوَّةِ فَكَشَفَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسَى عِنْدَ قَبْضِهِ عَلَيْهِ وَانْتَهَى خَبَرُهُ إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ - يَعْنِي الْمُقْتَدِرَ بِاللَّهِ - فَلَمْ يُقِرَّ بِمَا رُمِيَ بِهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَعَاقَبَهُ وَصَلَبَهُ حَيًّا أَيَّامًا مُتَوَالِيَةً فِي رَحْبَةِ الْجِسْرِ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ غُدْوَةً وَيُنَادَى عَلَيْهِ بِمَا ذُكِرَ عَنْهُ ثُمَّ يُنْزَلُ بِهِ ثُمَّ يُحْبَسُ فَأَقَامَ فِي الْحَبْسِ سِنِينَ كَثِيرَةً يُنْقَلُ مِنْ حَبْسٍ إِلَى حَبْسٍ حَتَّى حُبِسَ بِأَخَرَةٍ فِي دَارِ السُّلْطَانِ فَاسْتَغْوَى جَمَاعَةً مِنْ غِلْمَانِ السُّلْطَانِ وَمَوَّهَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَاسْتَمَالَهُمْ بِضُرُوبٍ مِنْ حِيَلِهِ حَتَّى صَارُوا يَحْمُونَهُ وَيَدْفَعُونَ عَنْهُ وَيُرَفِّهُونَهُ، ثُمَّ رَاسَلَ جَمَاعَةً مِنَ الْكُتَّابِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ بِبَغْدَادَ وَغَيْرِهَا فَاسْتَجَابُوا لَهُ وَتَراقَى بِهِ الْأَمْرُ حَتَّى ذُكِرَ أَنَّهُ ادَّعَى الرُّبُوبِيَّةَ وَسُعِيَ بِجَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ فَقُبِضَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَوُجِدَ عِنْدَ بَعْضِهِمْ كُتُبٌ تَدُلُّ عَلَى تَصْدِيقِ مَا ذُكِرَ عَنْهُ وَأَقَرَّ بَعْضُهُمْ بِلِسَانِهِ بِذَلِكَ وَانْتَشَرَ خَبَرُهُ وَتَكَلَّمَ النَّاسُ فِي قَتْلِهِ فَأَمَرَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِتَسْلِيمِهِ إِلَى حَامِدِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ وَأَمَرَ أَنْ يَكْشِفَهُ بِحَضْرَةِ الْقُضَاةِ وَالْعُلَمَاءِ وَيَجْمَعَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَصْحَابِهِ فَجَرَى فِي ذَلِكَ خُطُوبٌ طِوَالٌ، ثُمَّ اسْتَيْقَنَ السُّلْطَانُ أَمْرَهُ وَوَقَفَ عَلَى مَا ذُكِرَ لَهُ عَنْهُ، فَأَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِ وَإِحْرَاقِهِ بِالنَّارِ، فَأُحْضِرَ مَجْلِسَ الشُّرْطَةِ بِالْجَانِبِ الْغَرْبِيِّ يَوْمَ الثُّلَاثَاءِ لِسَبْعٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ فَضُرِبَ بِالسِّيَاطِ نَحْوًا مِنْ أَلْفِ سَوْطٍ وَقُطِعَتْ يَدَاهُ وَرِجْلَاهُ وَضُرِبَتْ عُنُقُهُ وَأُحْرِقَتْ جُثَّتُهُ بِالنَّارِ وَنُصِبَ رَأْسُهُ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى سُورِ الْجِسْرِ الْجَدِيدِ وَعُلِّقَتْ يَدَاهُ وَرِجْلَاهُ إِلَى جَانِبِ رَأْسِهِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ السُّلَمِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الْوَاعِظَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الرَّازِيُّ: قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مُمْشَاذٍ: حَضَرَ عِنْدَنَا بِالدِّينَوَرِ رَجُلٌ وَمَعَهُ مِخْلَاةٌ، فَمَا كَانَ يُفَارِقُهَا بِاللَّيْلِ وَلَا بِالنَّهَارِ، فَفَتَّشُوا الْمِخْلَاةَ فَوَجَدُوا فِيهَا كِتَابًا لِلْحَلَّاجِ عُنْوَانُهُ: مِنَ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ إِلَى فُلَانِ بْنِ فُلَانٍ. فَبُعِثَ بِهِ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ فَسُئِلَ الْحَلَّاجُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَقَرَّ أَنَّهُ كَتَبَهُ فَقَالُوا لَهُ كُنْتَ تَدَّعِي النُّبُوَّةَ فَصِرْتَ تَدَّعِي الْأُلُوهِيَّةَ وَالرُّبُوبِيَّةَ ؟! فَقَالَ: لَا وَلَكِنَّ هَذَا عَيْنُ الْجَمْعِ عِنْدَنَا، هَلِ الْكَاتِبُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَا وَالْيَدُ آلَةٌ ؟ فَقِيلَ لَهُ: مَعَكَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَحَدٌ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، ابْنُ عَطَاءٍ وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَرِيرِيُّ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الشِّبْلِيُّ، فَسُئِلَ الْجَرِيرِيُّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: مَنْ يَقُولُ بِهَذَا كَافِرٌ. وَسُئِلَ الشِّبْلِيُّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ مَنْ يَقُولُ بِهَذَا يُمْنَعُ. وَسُئِلَ ابْنُ عَطَاءٍ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ بِقَوْلِ الْحَلَّاجِ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَعُوقِبَ حَتَّى كَانَ سَبَبَ هَلَاكِهِ. ثُمَّ رَوَى أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الرَّازِيِّ أنَّ الْوَزِيرَ حَامِدَ بْنَ الْعَبَّاسِ لَمَّا حَضَرَ الْحَلَّاجُ سَأَلَهُ عَنِ اعْتِقَادِهِ فَأَقَرَّ بِهِ فَكَتَبَهُ فَسَأَلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فُقَهَاءَ بَغْدَادَ فَأَنْكَرُوا ذَلِكَ، وَقِيلَ لِلْوَزِيرِ: إِنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ بْنَ عَطَاءٍ يَقُولُ بِهَذَا. فَطَلَبَهُ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ، وَجَاءَ فَجَلَسَ فِي صَدْرِ الْمَجْلِسِ وَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: مَنْ لَا يَقُولُ بِهَذَا فَهُوَ بِلَا اعْتِقَادٍ. فَقَالَ لَهُ الْوَزِيرُ: وَيْحَكَ تُصَوِّبُ مِثْلَ هَذَا الِاعْتِقَادِ ؟ فَقَالَ: مَا لَكَ وَلِهَذَا، عَلَيْكَ بِمَا نُصِّبْتَ لَهُ مَنْ أَخْذِ أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ وَظُلْمِهِمْ وَقَتْلِهِمْ، فَمَا لَكَ وَلِكَلَامِ هَؤُلَاءِ السَّادَةِ ؟ فَأَمَرَ الْوَزِيرُ بِضَرْبِ شِدْقَيْهِ وَنَزْعِ خُفَّيْهِ وَأَنْ يُضْرَبَ بِهِمَا عَلَى رَأْسِهِ، فَمَا زَالَ يُفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ بِهِ حَتَّى سَالَ الدَّمُ مِنْ مَنْخَرَيْهِ وَأَمَرَ بِسَجْنِهِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: أَيُّهَا الْوَزِيرُ إِنَّ الْعَامَّةَ تَتَشَوَّشُ بِهَذَا. فَحُمِلَ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَطَاءٍ: اللَّهُمَّ اقْتُلْهُ أَخْبَثَ قِتْلَةٍ وَاقْطَعْ يَدَيْهِ وَرِجْلَيْهِ. ثُمَّ مَاتَ ابْنُ عَطَاءٍ بَعْدَ سَبْعَةِ أَيَّامٍ، وَقُتِلَ الْوَزِيرُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ شَرَّ قِتْلَةٍ، وَقُطِعَتْ يَدَاهُ وَرِجْلَاهُ وَأَحْرِقَتْ دَارُهُ. وَقَدِ اتَّفَقَ عُلَمَاءُ بَغْدَادَ عَلَى كُفْرِ الْحَلَّاجِ وَزَنْدَقَتِهِ وَأَجْمَعُوا عَلَى قَتْلِهِ وَصَلْبِهِ. قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الظَّاهِرِيُّ: حِينَ أُحْضِرَ الْحَلَّاجُ فِي الْمَرَّةِ الْأُولَى قَبْلَ وَفَاةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ هَذَا وَسُئِلَ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ حَقًّا وَمَا جَاءَ بِهِ حَقًّا فَمَا يَقُولُهُ الْحَلَّاجُ بَاطِلٌ وَكَانَ شَدِيدًا عَلَيْهِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصُّولِيُّ قَدْ رَأَيْتُ الْحَلَّاجَ وَخَاطَبْتُهُ فَرَأَيْتُهُ جَاهِلًا يَتَعَاقَلُ وَغَبِيًّا يَتَبَالَغُ وَفَاجِرًا يَتَعَبَّدُ. وَلَمَّا صُلِبَ فِي أَوَّلِ مَرَّةٍ وَنُودِيَ عَلَيْهِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَيَّامٍ سَمِعَهُ بَعْضُهُمْ وَقَدْ جِيءَ بِهِ لِيُصْلَبَ وَهُوَ رَاكِبٌ عَلَى بَقَرَةٍ يَقُولُ: مَا أَنَا بِالْحَلَّاجِ وَلَكِنْ أُلْقِيَ عَلَيَّ شَبَهُهُ وَغَابَ. فَلَمَّا أُدْنِيَ إِلَى الْخَشَبَةِ لِيُصْلَبَ عَلَيْهَا سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: يَا مُعِينُ الضَّنَا عَلَيَّ أَعِنِّي عَلَى الضَّنَا. وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: سَمِعْتُهُ وَهُوَ مَصْلُوبٌ يَقُولُ: إِلَهِي أَصْبَحْتُ فِي دَارِ الرَّغَائِبِ أَنْظُرُ إِلَى الْعَجَائِبِ إِلَهِي إِنَّكَ تَتَوَدَّدُ إِلَى مَنْ يُؤْذِيكَ فَكَيْفَ بِمَنْ يُؤْذَى فِيكَ. وعن أَبَا الْحَسَنِ بْنَ أَبِي تَوْبَةَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَحْمَدَ الْحَاسِبَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ وَالِدِي، يَقُولُ: وَجَّهَنِي الْمُعْتَضِدُ إِلَى الْهِنْدِ وَكَانَ [الْحَلَّاجُ] مَعِي فِي السَّفِينَةِ، [وَهُوَ] رَجُلٌ يُعْرَفُ بِالْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجْنَا مِنَ الْمَرْكَبِ، قُلْتُ لَهُ: فِي أَيِّ شَيْءٍ جِئْتَ إِلَى هَاهُنَا؟ قَالَ: [جِئْتُ] لِأَتَعَلَّمَ السِّحْرَ، وَأَدْعُوَ الْخَلْقَ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى.
Translation
✧ Some of al-Ḥallāj's tricks The beginning of his affair was that he displayed asceticism and Sufism, displayed miracles, brought out winter fruits for people in summer and summer fruits in winter, and stretched his hand into the air and withdrew it filled with dirhams on which was written “Say: He is Allah, the One,” and he called them the dirhams of power. He told people what they had eaten and what they had done in their homes, and spoke of what was in their inner thoughts, so many people were tempted by him and believed in incarnation. Al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī related that al-Ḥallāj sent a man ahead of him to one of the mountain countries. The man stayed in that town displaying righteousness and devotion and reciting the Qur'an. He remained among them for a period doing that, then he showed them that he had become blind, and he remained for a while in that state. Then he showed that he had become crippled. At first he would be led to the mosque, then he came to be carried. He remained like that for a year. Then he said to them: “I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he was saying: 'A righteous man will come to this town, and your healing will be at his hands.'” It was not long until the time which al-Ḥallāj had appointed with him arrived. Al-Ḥallāj entered the town in disguise, wearing white woolen garments, and he kept to a pillar in the mosque, worshipping there and not turning to anyone. The people hurried to that man feigning blindness and lameness, and it was said to him: “A righteous man has arrived, so come to him.” They carried him until they placed him before him. He spoke to him and recognized him and said to him: “O Abū ʿAbd Allāh, I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in a dream and he said to me such and such, so perhaps you are the one.” He raised his hands and supplicated to Allah, Mighty and Majestic, while the people were present in great numbers watching what would become of his affair. The man opened his eyes and stood upright on his feet. The people cried out and greatly magnified al-Ḥallāj, but that was not true. He stayed among them for a period, then departed from among them. That man remained among them for several months, then he said: “It is among Allah's blessings upon me that He restored my sight and healed me, and I ought to struggle in His path at the frontier of Ṭarsūs.” He resolved upon that, so they collected for him among themselves abundant wealth, thousands of gold and silver. Then he bade them farewell and they bade him farewell, and he went to al-Ḥallāj and they divided that wealth between them. It was related from one of them who said: I used to hear that al-Ḥallāj had states and miracles, so I wanted to test him. I came to him and greeted him, and he said to me: “Crave something from me right now.” I said: “I crave fresh fish.” He entered his house and disappeared for a while, then came out with a fish still flopping, and his legs had mud on them. He said: “I supplicated to Allah and He commanded me to go to the marshlands to bring you this, so I crossed through al-Ahwāz, and this mud is from there.” I said: “If you wish, let me enter your house so that I may uncover your affair. If something becomes apparent, fine; otherwise, I will believe in you.” He said: “Enter.” I entered and found no passage in the house leading elsewhere, so I was perplexed about his affair. Then I looked and saw a wainscot, so I uncovered it and behind it was a door. I entered and came out of it into a vast garden containing all kinds of fruits, fresh and preserved, whose preservation had been done well, and there were many things prepared for eating, and there was a large pond with many large fish. I entered it and took out one fish, and my legs got mud on them just as his legs had. I came to the door and said to him: “Open. I have believed in you.” When I came out and he saw me in the same state as he had been, he ran after me to kill me, so I struck him in the face with the fish and said: “O enemy of Allah, you tired me out today.” After I escaped from him, he later met me and laughed at me and said: “Do not divulge this to anyone, or I will send someone to kill you in your bed.” He said: I did not tell anyone about it until he was crucified. One day he said to a man: “Believe in me, and I will send you a sparrow whose droppings you take the weight of a grain and place on such and such pounds of copper, and it will become gold.” The man said to him: “You believe in me, and I will send you an elephant which, when it lies on its back, its legs reach the sky, and when you want to hide it, you put it in one of your eyes.” He said: He was dumbfounded and fell silent. When he came to Baghdad, he began calling to himself and displaying things of trickery and other devilish states. Most of his promotion was among the Rāfiḍah because of their lack of intellect and their weakness in distinguishing truth from falsehood. One day he summoned a leader of the Rāfiḍah and called him to believe in him. The man said to him: “I am a man who loves women, I am bald, and I have grown gray. If you remove this and that from me, I will believe that you are the infallible Imam; and if you wish, I will say that you are a prophet; and if you wish, I will say that you are Allah.” He said: Al-Ḥallāj was dumbfounded and did not utter a reply to him. Shaykh Abū al-Faraj b. al-Jawzī said: Al-Ḥallāj was changeable, very prone to changing. Sometimes he wore sackcloth, sometimes a woolen cloak, sometimes a short qabāʾ, and with each group he followed their doctrine, whether they were people of the Sunnah, Rāfiḍah, Muʿtazilah, or others. When he resided in al-Ahwāz, he spent from dirhams he produced which he called the dirhams of power. Shaykh Abū ʿAlī al-Jubbāʾī was asked about that, and he said: “All of this can be attained by trickery. But put him in a room with no opening, then ask him to produce two walnuts from a thorn.” When al-Ḥallāj heard the words of Abū ʿAlī al-Jubbāʾī, he moved from al-Ahwāz. Al-Khaṭīb said, with his chain of transmission from Ismāʿīl b. ʿAlī al-Khuṭabī in his History: He said: The affair of a man known as al-Ḥallāj became public. He was called al-Ḥusayn b. Manṣūr. He was in the sultan's prison due to a denunciation that occurred against him, and that was during the first vizierate of ʿAlī b. ʿĪsā. Various kinds of heresy were mentioned about him, and his devising tricks to mislead people in ways resembling sleight of hand and magic, and his claim to prophethood. ʿAlī b. ʿĪsā exposed him when he arrested him, and his news reached the sultan, meaning al-Muqtadir billāh, but he did not confess to what he was accused of. So he punished him and crucified him alive for successive days in the square of the bridge, each day in the morning, while proclamation was made against him of what was mentioned about him. Then he was taken down and imprisoned. He remained in prison for many years, transferred from one prison to another, until he was finally imprisoned in the sultan's palace. He beguiled a group of the sultan's servants, deceived them, and won them over with various tricks until they protected him, defended him, and gave him comforts. Then he corresponded with a group of secretaries and others in Baghdad and elsewhere, and they responded to him. His affair escalated until it was mentioned that he claimed divinity. A group of his companions were denounced to the sultan, and they were arrested. Books were found with some of them indicating confirmation of what was mentioned about him, and some of them confessed it with their tongues. His news spread, and people spoke of killing him. The Commander of the Faithful ordered that he be handed over to Ḥāmid b. al-ʿAbbās and ordered him to investigate him in the presence of the judges and scholars and to bring him together with his companions. Long events took place in that matter. Then the sultan became certain of his affair and learned of what was mentioned to him about him, and he ordered that he be killed and burned with fire. He was brought to the police headquarters on the western side on Tuesday, seven days remaining of Dhū al-Qaʿdah in the year 309 AH. He was lashed with whips about a thousand lashes, his hands and feet were cut off, his neck was struck, his corpse was burned with fire, his head was set up for the people on the wall of the new bridge, and his hands and feet were hung beside his head. Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn al-Sulamī said: I heard Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad al-Wāʿiẓ say: Abū al-Qāsim al-Rāzī said: Abū Bakr b. Mumshādh said: A man came to us in al-Dīnawar with a sack, and he never parted from it by night or day. They searched the sack and found in it a letter from al-Ḥallāj addressed: “From the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate to so-and-so son of so-and-so.” It was sent to Baghdad, and al-Ḥallāj was asked about that. He acknowledged that he wrote it. They said to him: “You used to claim prophethood, and now you claim divinity and lordship?!” He said: “No, but this is the essence of union with us. Is the writer other than Allah, while I and the hand are an instrument?” It was said to him: “Does anyone else hold this with you?” He said: “Yes, Ibn ʿAṭāʾ, Abū Muḥammad al-Jurayrī, and Abū Bakr al-Shiblī.” Al-Jurayrī was asked about that, and he said: “Whoever holds this is an infidel.” Al-Shiblī was asked about that, and he said: “Whoever holds this should be prevented.” Ibn ʿAṭāʾ was asked about that, and he affirmed al-Ḥallāj's saying in that matter, so he was punished until it was the cause of his death. Then Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī related from Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Rāzī that when al-Ḥallāj was brought before the vizier Ḥāmid b. al-ʿAbbās, he asked him about his belief, and he acknowledged it, so he wrote it down. He asked the jurists of Baghdad about that, and they rejected it. The vizier was told: “Abū al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAṭāʾ holds this.” He summoned him to his house. He came and sat at the head of the assembly, and he asked him about that. He said: “Whoever does not hold this has no belief.” The vizier said to him: “Woe to you! You approve of a belief like this?” He said: “What do you have to do with this? Attend to what you have been appointed to: taking people's wealth, oppressing them, and killing them. What do you have to do with the speech of these masters?” The vizier ordered that his cheeks be struck and his boots removed and that he be struck with them on his head. That continued to be done to him until blood flowed from his nostrils, and he ordered that he be imprisoned. It was said to him: “O vizier, the common people will be disturbed by this.” So he was carried to his house. Ibn ʿAṭāʾ said: “O Allah, kill him with the foulest killing, and cut off his hands and feet.” Ibn ʿAṭāʾ died after seven days, and the vizier was killed after that with the worst killing: his hands and feet were cut off and his house was burned. The scholars of Baghdad agreed on the unbelief and heresy of al-Ḥallāj and unanimously agreed on killing him and crucifying him. Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. Dāwūd al-Ẓāhirī said, when al-Ḥallāj was brought the first time before the death of this Abū Bakr, and he was asked about him: “If what Allah revealed to His Prophet ﷺ is true and what he brought is true, then what al-Ḥallāj says is false.” And he was severe against him. Abū Bakr al-Ṣūlī said: I saw al-Ḥallāj and spoke with him. I found him an ignorant man pretending to be wise, a fool exaggerating, and a debauchee pretending to be devout. When he was crucified the first time and proclamation was made about him for four days, one of them heard him as he was brought to be crucified while riding on a cow, saying: “I am not al-Ḥallāj, but his likeness was cast upon me and he disappeared.” When he was brought near to the wood to be crucified on it, I heard him saying: “O helper of the emaciated, help me with emaciation.” One of them said: I heard him while he was crucified saying: “My God, I have come to be in the abode of desires, looking upon wonders. My God, You show affection to one who harms You, so how about one who is harmed for Your sake?” From Abū al-Ḥasan b. Abī Tawbah, who said: I heard ʿAlī b. Aḥmad al-Ḥāsib say: I heard my father say: Al-Muʿtaḍid sent me to India, and al-Ḥallāj was with me on the ship. He was a man known as al-Ḥusayn b. Manṣūr. When we disembarked from the vessel, I said to him: “For what purpose have you come here?” He said: “I came to learn magic and to call creation to Allah, Exalted is He.”
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