Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3511
The Year 267 AH
وُصُولِ الْمُوَفَّقِ إِلَى قِتَالِ الزَّنْجِ وَفَتْحِ الْمَنِيعَةِ وَفِي سنة سبع وستين ومائتين، فِي صَفَرٍ، سَارَ الْمُوَفَّقُ عَنْ بَغْدَاذَ إِلَى وَاسِطَ لِحَرْبِ الزَّنْجِ، فَدَخَلَ وَاسِطَ فِي رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ مِنْهَا، فَتَلَقَّاهُ ابْنُهُ وَأَخْبَرَهُ عَنِ الْجُيُوشِ الَّذِينَ مَعَهُ، وَمَا تَحَمَّلُوا مِنْ أَعْبَاءِ الْجِهَادِ، فَخَلَعَ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى الْأُمَرَاءِ كُلِّهِمْ خِلَعًا سَنِيَّةً وكَانَ سَبَبُ تَأَخُّرِهِ عَنِ ابْنِهِ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ هَذِهِ أَنَّهُ [ كَانَ ] يَجْمَعُ وَيَحْشِدُ الْفُرْسَانَ وَالرَّجَّالَةَ، وَيَسْتَكْثِرُ مِنَ الْعُدَّةِ الَّتِي يَقْوَى بِهَا عَلَى حَرْبِ الزَّنْجِ، وَيَسُدُّ الْجِهَاتِ الَّتِي يَخَافُ فِيهَا لِئَلَّا يَبْقَى لَهُ مَا يَشْغَلُ قَلْبَهُ. إِلَّا أَنَّ الْخَبِيثَ رَئِيسَ الزَّنْجِ قَدْ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبَانٍ الْمُهَلَّبِيِّ يَأْمُرُهُ بِالِاجْتِمَاعِ مَعَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ جَامِعٍ عَلَى حَرْبِ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، فَخَافَ وَهْنًا يَتَطَرَّقُ إِلَى ابْنِهِ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، فَسَارَ عَنْ بَغْدَاذَ فِي صَفَرٍ، فَوَصَلَ إِلَى وَاسِطَ فِي رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ، فَلَقِيَهُ ابْنُهُ وَأَخْبَرَهُ بِحَالِ جُنْدِهِ وَقُوَّادِهِ، فَخَلَعَ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَيْهِمْ، وَرَجَعَ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ إِلَى مُعَسْكَرِهِ بِالْعُمْرِ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ الْمُوَفَّقُ عَلَى نَهْرِ شَدَّادٍ بِإِزَاءِ قَرْيَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِلَى مُعَسْكَرِهِ بِالْعُمْرِ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ الْمُوَفَّقُ عَلَى نَهْرِ شَدَّادٍ، وَأَمَرَ ابْنَهُ فَنَزَلَ شَرْقِيَّ دِجْلَةَ بِإِزَاءِ فُوَّهَةِ بَرْدُودَا، وَوَلَّاهُ مُقَدِّمَتَهُ، وَأَعْطَى الْجَيْشَ أَرْزَاقَهُمْ، وَأَمَرَ ابْنَهُ أَنْ يَسِيرَ بِمَا مَعَهُ مِنْ آلَاتِ الْحَرْبِ إِلَى فُوَّهَةِ نَهْرِ مُسَاوِرٍ، فَرَحَلَ فِي نُخْبَةِ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَرَحَلَ الْمُوَفَّقُ بَعْدَهُ، فَنَزَلَ فُوَّهَةَ نَهْرِ مُسَاوِرٍ فَأَقَامَ يَوْمَيْنِ. ثُمَّ رَحَلَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ الَّتِي سَمَّاهَا صَاحِبُ الزَّنْجِ الْمَنِيعَةَ مِنْ سُوقِ الْخَمِيسِ يَوْمَ الثُّلَاثَاءَ لِثَمَانٍ خَلَوْنَ مِنْ رَبِيعٍ الْآخَرِ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، وَسَلَكَ بِالسُّفُنِ فِي نَهْرِ مُسَاوِرٍ، وَسَارَتِ الْخَيْلُ بِإِزَائِهِ شَرْقِيَّ نَهْرِ مُسَاوِرٍ، حَتَّى جَازُوا بَرَاطِقَ الَّذِي يُوصِلُ إِلَى الْمَنِيعَةِ، وَأَمَرَ بِتَعْبِيرِ الْخَيْلِ، وَتَصْيِيرِهَا مِنَ الْجَانِبَيْنِ، وَأَمَرَ ابْنَهُ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ بِالتَّقَدُّمِ بِالشَّذَا بِعَامَّةِ الْجَيْشِ، فَفَعَلَ، فَلَقِيَهُ الزَّنْجُ، فَحَارَبُوهُ حَرْبًا شَدِيدَةً، وَوَافَاهُمْ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمُوَفَّقُ، وَالْخَيْلُ مِنْ جَانِبَيِ النَّهْرِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا ذَلِكَ انْهَزَمُوا وَتَفَرَّقُوا وَعَلَا أَصْحَابُ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ السُّورَ، وَوَضَعُوا السُّيُوفَ فِيمَنْ لَقِيَهُمْ، وَدَخَلُوا الْمَدِينَةَ فَقَتَلُوا فِيهَا خَلْقًا كَثِيرًا، أَسَرُوا عَالَمًا عَظِيمًا، وَغَنِمُوا مَا كَانَ فِيهَا، وَهَرَبَ الشَّعْرَانِيُّ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ، وَتَبِعَهُ أَصْحَابُ الْمُوَفَّقِ إِلَى الْبَطَائِحِ، فَغَرِقَ مِنْهُمْ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَلَجَأَ الْبَاقُونَ إِلَى الْآجَامِ. وَرَجَعَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ إِلَى مُعَسْكَرِهِ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ، وَقَدِ اسْتَنْقَذَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمَاتِ زُهَاءَ خَمْسَةِ آلَافِ امْرَأَةٍ سِوَى مَنْ ظَفِرَ بِهِ مِنَ الزَّنْجِيَّاتِ، وَأَمَرَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بِحِفْظِ النِّسَاءِ وَحَمْلِهِنَّ إِلَى وَاسِطَ لِيُدْفَعْنَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِنَّ، ثُمَّ بَكَّرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ بِأَخْذِ مَا فِيهِ فَأُخِذَ جَمِيعُهُ، وَأَمَرَ بِهَدْمِ سُورِهَا، وَطَمِّ خَنْدَقِهَا، وَإِحْرَاقِ مَا بَقِيَ فِيهَا مِنَ السُّفُنِ، وَأَخَذُوا مِنَ الطَّعَامِ، وَالشَّعِيرِ، وَالْأُرْزِ، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، مَا لَا حَدَّ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَمَرَ بِبَيْعِ ذَلِكَ وَصَرْفِهِ إِلَى الْجُنْدِ. وَلَمَّا انْهَزَمَ سُلَيْمَانُ لَحِقَ بِالْمَرَازِ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى الْخَائِنِ، صَاحِبِ الزَّنْجِ بِذَلِكَ، فَوَرَدَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ يَتَحَدَّثُ، فَانْحَلَّ بَطْنُهُ، فَقَامَ إِلَى الْخَلَاءِ دَفَعَاتٍ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ جَامِعٍ يُحَذِّرُهُ مِثْلَ الَّذِي نَزَلَ بِالشَّعْرَانِيِّ، وَيَأْمُرُهُ بِالتَّيَقُّظِ. وَأَقَامَ الْمُوَفَّقُ بِنَهْرِ مُسَاوِرٍ يَوْمَيْنِ يَتَعَرَّفُ أَخْبَارَ الشَّعَرْانِيِّ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ جَامِعٍ، فَأَتَاهُ مَنْ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ جَامِعٍ بِالْجَوَانِيتِ، فَسَارَ حَتَّى وَافَى الصِّينِيَّةَ، وَأَمَرَ ابْنَهُ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ بِالتَّقَدُّمِ بِالشَّذَا وَالسُّمَيْرِيَّاتِ إِلَى الْجَوَانِيتِ مُخْتَفِيًا، فَسَارَ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ إِلَيْهَا، فَلَمْ يَرَ سُلَيْمَانَ بِهَا، وَرَأَى هُنَاكَ جَمْعًا مِنَ الزَّنْجِ مَعَ قَائِدَيْنِ لَهُمْ خَلَّفَهُمْ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ جَامِعٍ هُنَاكَ لِحِفْظِ غَلَّاتٍ كَثِيرَةٍ لَهُمْ فِيهَا، فَحَارَبَهُمْ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، وَدَامَتِ الْحَرْبُ إِلَى أَنْ حَجَزَ بَيْنَهُمُ اللَّيْلُ، وَاسَتَأْمَنَ إِلَى أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ رَجُلٌ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ جَامِعٍ، وَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ مُقِيمٌ بِطَهْثَا، بِمَدِينَتِهِ الَّتِي سَمَّاهَا الْمَنْصُورَةَ، فَعَادَ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ إِلَى أَبِيهِ بِالْخَبَرِ، فَأَمَرَهُ بِالْمَسِيرِ إِلَيْهِ، فَسَارَ حَتَّى نَزَلَ بَرْدُودَا، فَأَقَامَ بِهَا لِإِصْلَاحِ مَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ، وَاسْتَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْآلَاتِ الَّتِي يَسُدُّ بِهَا الْأَنْهَارَ، وَيُصْلِحُ بِهَا الطُّرُقَ لِلْخَيْلِ، وَخَلَّفَ بِبَرْدُودَا بُفْرَاجَ التُّرْكِيَّ.
Translation
✧ The arrival of al-Muwaffaq to fight the Zanj and the conquest of al-Manīʿa In the year 267 AH, in Ṣafar, al-Muwaffaq traveled from Baghdādh to Wāsiṭ to fight the Zanj. He entered Wāsiṭ in Rabīʿ al-Awwal of that year, where his son met him and informed him about the armies that were with him and the burdens of jihad they had borne. He conferred upon him and upon all the commanders splendid robes of honor. The reason for his delay from his son Abū al-ʿAbbās was that he had been gathering and mobilizing cavalry and infantry, acquiring abundant equipment to strengthen himself for fighting the Zanj, and securing the areas he feared, so that nothing would remain to occupy his mind. However, the vile leader of the Zanj had sent to ʿAlī b. Abān al-Muhallabī, ordering him to join Sulaymān b. Jāmiʿ in fighting Abū al-ʿAbbās. He feared weakness would befall his son Abū al-ʿAbbās, so he traveled from Baghdādh in Ṣafar and arrived at Wāsiṭ in Rabīʿ al-Awwal. His son met him and informed him of the condition of his troops and commanders, so he conferred robes of honor upon him and them, and Abū al-ʿAbbās returned to his camp at al-ʿUmr. Then al-Muwaffaq encamped by the Nahr Shaddād, opposite the village of ʿAbd Allāh, at his camp at al-ʿUmr. Then al-Muwaffaq encamped by the Nahr Shaddād and ordered his son to encamp east of the Tigris opposite the mouth of Bardūdā, appointed him as commander of his vanguard, paid the army their stipends, and ordered his son to march with the war equipment he had to the mouth of the Nahr Musāwir. He departed with the elite of his companions, and al-Muwaffaq departed after him and encamped at the mouth of the Nahr Musāwir, where he stayed two days. Then he departed to the city that the leader of the Zanj had named al-Manīʿa, from Sūq al-Khamīs, on Tuesday, eight nights having passed of Rabīʿ al-Ākhir of this year. He traveled with the ships on the Nahr Musāwir, while the cavalry marched opposite him east of the Nahr Musāwir, until they passed Barāṭiq, the canal that leads to al-Manīʿa. He ordered the cavalry to cross and to be placed on both sides, and he ordered his son Abū al-ʿAbbās to advance with the shadhā with the main body of the army. He did so, and the Zanj met him and fought him fiercely. Abū Aḥmad al-Muwaffaq came upon them with the cavalry on both sides of the river. When they saw that, they were defeated and dispersed, and Abū al-ʿAbbās's men scaled the wall and put the sword to those they met. They entered the city and killed a great number, captured a huge multitude, and seized what was in it. Al-Shaʿrānī and those with him fled, and al-Muwaffaq's men pursued them to the marshes. Many of them drowned, and the rest took refuge in the reed thickets. Abū Aḥmad returned to his camp that same day, having rescued from the Muslim women about five thousand women, besides the Zanj women he had captured. Abū Aḥmad ordered that the women be guarded and taken to Wāsiṭ to be delivered to their families. Then he returned early to the city and ordered the people to take what was in it, and all of it was taken. He ordered its wall demolished, its moat filled, and the remaining ships burned. They took food, barley, rice, and other things in uncountable quantities, and he ordered that these be sold and the proceeds distributed to the troops. When Sulaymān was defeated, he joined al-Marāz and wrote to the traitor, the leader of the Zanj, about it. The letter reached him while he was conversing, and his bowels loosened; he rose to relieve himself several times. He wrote to Sulaymān b. Jāmiʿ, warning him of the like of what had befallen al-Shaʿrānī and ordering him to be alert. Al-Muwaffaq stayed at the Nahr Musāwir for two days, seeking news of al-Shaʿrānī and Sulaymān b. Jāmiʿ. Someone came and informed him that Sulaymān b. Jāmiʿ was at al-Jawānīt. He marched until he reached al-Ṣīniyya and ordered his son Abū al-ʿAbbās to advance with the shadhā and sumayriyyāt to al-Jawānīt in concealment. Abū al-ʿAbbās marched there, but he did not see Sulaymān there. He saw a group of Zanj with two of their commanders whom Sulaymān b. Jāmiʿ had left behind to guard abundant crops they had there. Abū al-ʿAbbās fought them, and the battle continued until night separated them. A man sought safe-conduct to Abū al-ʿAbbās and he asked him about Sulaymān b. Jāmiʿ, and the man informed him that he was residing at Ṭahthā, in his city which he had named al-Manṣūra. Abū al-ʿAbbās returned to his father with the news, and he ordered him to march against him. He marched until he encamped at Bardūdā and stayed there to repair what he needed, and he procured abundant equipment for damming the canals and repairing the roads for the cavalry, and he left Bufrāj al-Turkī at Bardūdā.
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