Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3482
The Year 262 AH
أَخْبَارِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخُجُسْتَانِيِّ كَانَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخُجُسْتَانِيُّ مِنْ خُجُسْتَانَ، وَهِيَ مِنْ جِبَالِ هَرَاةَ، مِنْ أَعْمَالِ بَاذَغِيسَ، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ طَاهِرٍ، فَلَمَّا اسْتَوْلَى يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ اللَّيْثِ عَلَى نَيْسَابُورَ، عَلَى مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ، ضَمَّ أَحْمَدَ إِلَيْهِ، وَإِلَى أَخِيهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اللَّيْثِ، وَكَانَ بَنُو شَرْكُبٍ ثَلَاثَةَ إِخْوَةٍ: إِبْرَاهِيمُ، وَأَبُو حَفْصٍ يَعْمَرُ، وَأَبُو طَلْحَةَ مَنْصُورٌ، بَنُو مُسْلِمٍ، وَكَانَ أَسَنُّهُمْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَكَانَ قَدْ أَبْلَى بَيْنَ يَدَيْ يَعْقُوبَ عِنْدَ مُوَاقَعَةِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ بِجُرْجَانَ، فَقَدَّمَهُ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمًا نَيْسَابُورَ، وَهُوَ يَوْمٌ فِي بَرْدٍ شَدِيدٍ، فَخَلَعَ عَلَيْهِ يَعْقُوبُ وَبَرَ سُمُّورٍ كَانَ عَلَى كَتِفِهِ، فَحَسَدَهُ عَلَيْهِ الْخُجُسْتَانِيُّ فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّ يَعْقُوبَ يُرِيدُ الْغَدْرَ بِكَ ; لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَخْلَعُ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْ خَاصَّتِهِ خِلْعَةً إِلَّا غَدَرَ بِهِ. فَغَمَّ ذَلِكَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ، وَقَالَ: كَيْفَ الْحِيلَةُ فِي الْخَلَاصِ ؟ قَالَ: الْحِيلَةُ أَنْ نَهْرُبَ جَمِيعًا إِلَى أَخِيكَ يَعْمُرَ، فَإِنِّي خَائِفٌ عَلَيْهِ أَيْضًا. وَكَانَ يَعْمُرُ قَدْ حَاصَرَ أَبَا دَاوُدَ النَّاهِجُوزِيَّ بِبَلْخَ، وَمَعَهُ نَحْوٌ مِنْ خَمْسَةِ آلَافِ رَجُلٍ، فَاتَّفَقَا عَلَى الْخُرُوجِ لَيْلَتَهُمْ، فَسَبَقَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ إِلَى الْمَوْعِدِ، فَانْتَظَرَهُ سَاعَةً فَلَمْ يَرَهُ، فَسَارَ نَحْوَ سَرَخْسَ، وَذَهَبَ الْخُجُسْتَانِيُّ إِلَى يَعْقُوبَ فَأَعْلَمُهُ، فَأَرْسَلَهُ فِي أَثَرِهِ، فَلَحِقُوهُ بِسَرَخْسَ فَقَتَلُوهُ، وَمَالَ يَعْقُوبُ إِلَى الْخُجُسْتَانِيِّ. فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ يَعْقُوبُ الْعَوْدَ إِلَى سِجِسْتَانَ اسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى نَيْسَابُورَ عَزِيزَ بْنَ السَّرِيِّ، وَوَلَّى أَخَاهُ عَمْرَو بْنَ اللَّيْثِ هَرَاةَ، فَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَمْرٌو عَلَيْهَا طَاهِرَ بْنَ حَفْصٍ الْبَاذَغِيسِيَّ. وَسَارَ يَعْقُوبُ إِلَى سِجِسْتَانَ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَسِتِّينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، وَأَحَبَّ الْخُجُسْتَانِيُّ التَّخَلُّفَ لِمَا كَانَ يُحَدِّثُ بِهِ نَفْسَهُ، فَقَالَ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ اللَّيْثِ: إِنَّ أَخَوَيْكَ قَدِ اقْتَسَمَا خُرَاسَانَ، وَلَيْسَ لَكَ بِهَا مَنْ يَقُومُ بِشُغْلِكَ، فَيَجِبُ أَنْ تَرُدَّنِي إِلَيْهَا لِأَقُومَ بِأُمُورِكَ ; فَاسْتَأْذَنَ أَخَاهُ يَعْقُوبَ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَأَذِنَ لَهُ، فَلَمَّا حَضَرَ أَحْمَدُ يُوَدِّعُ يَعْقُوبَ أَحْسَنَ لَهُ الْقَوْلَ، وَرَدَّهُ وَخَلَعَ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا وَلَّى عَنْهُ قَالَ يَعْقُوبُ: أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ قَفَاهُ قَفَا مُسْتَعْصٍ، وَأَنَّ هَذَا آخِرُ عَهْدِنَا بِطَاعَتِهِ. فَلَمَّا فَارَقَهُمْ جَمَعَ نَحْوًا مِنْ مِائَةِ رَجُلٍ فَوَرَدَ بِهِمْ بَشْتَ نَيْسَابُورَ، فَحَارَبَ عَامِلَهَا، وَأَخْرَجَهُ عَنْهَا، وَجَبَاهَا، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى قُومِسَ، فَقَتَلَ بِبِسْطَامَ مَقْتَلَةً عَظِيمَةً، وَتَغَلَّبَ عَلَيْهَا وَذَلِكَ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَسِتِّينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ. وَسَارَ إِلَى نَيْسَابُورَ، وَبِهَا عَزِيزُ بْنُ السَّرِيِّ، فَهَرَبَ عَزِيزٌ، وَأَخَذَ أَحْمَدُ أَثْقَالَهُ، وَاسْتَوْلَى عَلَى نَيْسَابُورَ يَدْعُو إِلَى الطَّاهِرِيَّةِ، وَذَلِكَ أَوَّلَ سَنَةِ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَسِتِّينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى رَافِعِ بْنِ هَرْثَمَةَ يَسْتَقْدِمُهُ، فَقَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ، فَجَعَلَهُ صَاحِبَ جَيْشِهِ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى يَعْمُرَ بْنِ شَرْكُبَ، وَهُوَ يُحَاصِرُ بَلْخَ، يَسْتَقْدِمُهُ لِيَتَّفِقَا عَلَى تِلْكَ الْبِلَادِ، فَلَمْ يَثِقْ إِلَيْهِ يَعْمُرُ لِفِعْلِهِ بِأَخِيهِ، وَسَارَ يَعْمُرُ إِلَى هَرَاةَ، فَحَارَبَ طَاهِرَ بْنَ حَفْصٍ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَاسْتَوْلَى عَلَى أَعْمَالِ طَاهِرٍ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِ أَحْمَدُ، فَكَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمَا مُنَاوَشَاتٌ. وَكَانَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ بْنُ شَرْكُبٍ غُلَامًا مِنْ أَحْسَنِ الْغِلْمَانِ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بِلَالٍ يَمِيلُ إِلَيْهِ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ قُوَّادِ يَعْمُرَ، فَرَاسَلَ الْخُجُسْتَانِيَّ، وَأَعْلَمَهُ أَنَّهُ يَعْمَلُ ضِيَافَةً لِيَعْمُرَ وَقُوَّادِهِ، وَيَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَيْهِ يَوْمًا ذَكَرَهُ. وَيَأْمُرُهُ بِالنُّهُوضِ إِلَيْهِمْ فِيهِ، فَإِنَّهُ يُسَاعِدُهُ، وَشَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ إِلَيْهِ أَبَا طَلْحَةَ، فَأَجَابَهُ أَحْمَدُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ، فَصَنَعَ ابْنُ بِلَالٍ طَعَامًا، وَدَعَا يَعْمُرَ، وَأَصْحَابَهُ، وَكَبَسَهُمْ أَحْمَدُ، وَقَبَضَ عَلَى يَعْمُرَ، وَسَيَّرَهُ إِلَى نَائِبِهِ بِنَيْسَابُورَ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَى أَبِي طَلْحَةَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ أَخِيهِ فَقَتَلُوا ابْنَ بِلَالٍ، وَسَارُوا إِلَى نَيْسَابُورَ وَكَانَ بِهَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ طَاهِرٍ أَخُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ طَاهِرٍ قَدْ وَرَدَهَا مِنْ أَصْبَهَانَ، طَمَعًا أَنْ يَخْطُبَ لَهُمْ أَحْمَدُ كَمَا كَانَ يُظْهِرُهُ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ، فَلَمْ يَفْعَلْ، فَخَطَبَ لَهُ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ بِهَا، وَأَقَامَ مَعَهُ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِ الْخُجُسْتَانِيُّ مِنْ هَرَاةَ فِي اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ عِنَانٍ، فَأَقَامَ عَلَى ثَلَاثِ مَرَاحِلَ مِنْ نَيْسَابُورَ، وَوَجَّهَ أَخَاهُ الْعَبَّاسَ إِلَيْهَا، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ، فَقَاتَلَهُ، فَقُتِلَ الْعَبَّاسُ وَانْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُهُ. فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ خَبَرُهُمْ إِلَى أَحْمَدَ عَادَ إِلَى هَرَاةَ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ لِأَخِيهِ خَبَرًا، فَبَذَلَ الْأَمْوَالَ لِمَنْ يَأْتِيهِ بِخَبَرِهِ، فَلَمْ يُقْدِمْ أَحَدٌ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَأَجَابَهُ رَافِعُ بْنُ هَرْثَمَةَ إِلَيْهِ، فَاسْتَأْمَنَ إِلَى أَبِي طَلْحَةَ فَأَمَّنَهُ وَقَرَّبَهُ، وَوَثِقَ إِلَيْهِ، وَتَحَقَّقَ رَافِعٌ خَبَرَ الْعَبَّاسِ، فَأَنْهَاهُ إِلَى أَخِيهِ أَحْمَدَ، وَأَنْفَذَهُ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ إِلَى بَيْهَقَ، وَبَسْتَ لِيَجْبِيَ أَمْوَالَهَا لِنَفْسِهِ، وَضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ قَائِدَيْنِ، فَجَبَى رَافِعٌ الْأَمْوَالَ، وَقَبَضَ عَلَى الْقَائِدَيْنِ، وَسَارَ إِلَى الْخُجُسْتَانِيِّ، إِلَى قَرْيَةٍ مِنْ قُرَى خَوَافَ، فَنَزَلَهَا وَبِهَا حَلِيُّ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْخَارِجِيُّ، فَنَزَلَ نَاحِيَةً عَنْهُ. فَبَلَغَ الْخَبَرُ إِلَى أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، فَرَكِبَ مُجِدًّا، فَوَصَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ لَيْلًا، فَأَوْقَعَ بِحَلِيٍّ، وَأَصْحَابِهِ، وَهُوَ يَظُنُّهُ رَافِعًا، وَهَرَبَ رَافِعٌ سَالِمًا، وَعَلِمَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ بِحَالِ حَلِيٍّ بَعْدَ حَرْبٍ شَدِيدَةٍ، فَكَفَّ عَنْهُ، وَأَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِ وَإِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ. ثُمَّ وَجَّهَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ جَيْشًا إِلَى جُرْجَانَ، وَبِهَا ثَابِتُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَمَعَهُ الدَّيْلَمُ، وَكَانَ عَلَى جَيْشِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ إِسْحَاقُ الشَّارِيُّ، فَحَارَبُوا الدَّيْلَمَ بِجُرْجَانَ، وَقَتَلُوا مِنْهُمْ مَقْتَلَةً عَظِيمَةً، وَأَجْلَوْهُمْ عَنْهَا، وَذَلِكَ فِي رَجَبٍ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَسِتِّينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ. ثُمَّ عَصَى إِسْحَاقُ عَلَى أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ، وَاشْتَغَلَ فِي طَرِيقِهِ بِاللَّهْوِ وَالصَّيْدِ، فَكَبَسَهُ إِسْحَاقُ وَقَتَلَ أَصْحَابَهُ، وَانْهَزَمَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ إِلَى نَيْسَابُورَ، فَاسْتَضْعَفَهُ أَهْلُهَا، فَأَخْرَجُوهُ مِنْهَا، فَنَزَلَ عَلَى فَرْسَخٍ عَنْهَا، وَجَمَعَ جَمْعًا وَحَارَبَهُمْ، ثُمَّ افْتَعَلَ كِتَابًا عَنْ أَهْلِ نَيْسَابُورَ إِلَى إِسْحَاقَ، يَسْتَقْدِمُونَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَيَعِدُونَهُ الْمُسَاعَدَةَ عَلَى أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، فَاغْتَرَّ إِسْحَاقُ بِذَلِكَ، وَكَتَبَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ كِتَابًا إِلَى أَهْلِ نَيْسَابُورَ يَعِدُهُمْ أَنَّهُ يُسَاعِدُهُمْ عَلَى أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، وَيَأْمُرُهُمْ بِحِفْظِ الدُّرُوبِ، وَتَرْكِ مُقَارَبَةِ الْبَلَدِ إِلَى أَنْ يُوَافِيَهُمْ، فَاغْتَرُّوا بِذَلِكَ، وَظَنُّوهُ كِتَابَهُ، فَفَعَلُوا مَا أَمَرَهُمْ. وَسَارَ إِسْحَاقُ مُجِدًّا، فَلَمَّا قَارَبَ نَيْسَابُورَ لَقِيَهُ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ، فَغَافَصَهُ، فَطَعَنَهُ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ، فَأَلْقَاهُ عَنْ فَرَسِهِ فِي بِئْرٍ هُنَاكَ، فَلَمْ يُعْلَمْ لَهُ خَبَرٌ، وَانْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُهُ، وَدَخَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى نَيْسَابُورَ، وَضَيَّقَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ، فَكَاتَبُوا الْخُجُسْتَانِيَّ، وَاسْتَقْدَمُوهُ مِنْ هَرَاةَ، فَأَتَاهُمْ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وَلَيْلَتَيْنِ، وَوَرَدَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَيْلًا، فَفَتَحُوا لَهُ الْأَبْوَابَ، وَدَخَلَهَا وَسَارَ عَنْهَا أَبُو طَلْحَةَ إِلَى الْحَسَنِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، فَأَمَدَّهُ بِجُنُودٍ، فَعَادَ إِلَى نَيْسَابُورَ، فَلَمْ يَظْفَرْ بِشَيْءٍ، فَسَارَ إِلَى بَلْخَ، وَحَصَرَ أَبَا دَاوُدَ النَّاهِجَوْزِيَّ، وَاجْتَمَعَ مَعَهُ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَذَلِكَ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ، ( وَقِيلَ سِتٍّ ) وَسِتِّينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ. مسير الخجستاني لمحاربة الحسن بن زيد وَسَارَ الْخُجُسْتَانِيُّ إِلَى مُحَارَبَةِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ لِمُسَاعَدَتِهِ أَبَا طَلْحَةَ، فَاسْتَعَانَ الْحَسَنُ بِأَهْلِ جُرْجَانَ، فَأَعَانُوهُ، فَحَارَبَهُمُ الْخُجُسْتَانِيُّ فَهَزَمَهُمْ، وَأَغَارَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَجَبَاهُمْ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَذَلِكَ فِي رَمَضَانَ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ وَسِتِّينَ [ وَمِائَتَيْنِ ]. وَاتَّفَقَ أَنَّ يَعْقُوبَ بْنَ اللَّيْثِ تُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ وَسِتِّينَ [ وَمِائَتَيْنِ ] أَيْضًا، وَوَلِيَ مَكَانَهُ أَخُوهُ عَمْرٌو، فَعَادَ إِلَى سِجِسْتَانَ وَقَصَدَ هَرَاةَ، فَعَادَ الْخُجُسْتَانِيُّ مِنْ جُرْجَانَ إِلَى نَيْسَابُورَ، وَوَافَاهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ اللَّيْثِ، فَاقْتَتَلَا، وَانْهَزَمَ عَمْرٌو وَرَجَعَ إِلَى هَرَاةَ، وَأَقَامَ أَحْمَدُ بِنَيْسَابُورَ. وَكَانَ كَيْكَانُ، وَهُوَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الذُّهْلِيُّ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْمُتَطَوِّعَةِ وَالْفُقَهَاءِ بِنَيْسَابُورَ يَمِيلُونَ إِلَى عَمْرٍو لِتَوْلِيَةِ السُّلْطَانِ إِيَّاهُ، فَرَأَى الْخُجُسْتَانِيُّ أَنْ يُوقِعَ بَيْنَهُمْ لِيَشْتَغِلَ بَعْضُهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ، وَأَحْضَرَ مِنْهُمْ جَمَاعَةً مِنَ الْفُقَهَاءِ الْقَائِلِينَ بِمَذَاهِبِ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ، فَأَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَقَرَّبَهُمْ، وَأَكْرَمَهُمْ، وَأَظْهَرُوا الْخِلَافَ عَلَى كَيْكَانَ، وَنَابَذُوهُ. وَكَانَ كَيْكَانُ يَقُولُ بِمَذْهَبِ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَكُفِيَ شَرُّهُمْ، وَسَارَ إِلَى هَرَاةَ فَحَصَرَ بِهَا عَمْرَو بْنَ اللَّيْثِ سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ وَسِتِّينَ [ وَمِائَتَيْنِ ]، فَلَمْ يَظْفَرْ بِشَيْءٍ، فَسَارَ نَحْوَ سِجِسْتَانَ فَحَصَرَ فِي طَرِيقِهِ رَمْلَ سِيَّ فَلَمْ يَظْفَرْ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْهَا، فَاحْتَالَ حَتَّى اسْتَمَالَ رَجُلًا قَطَّانًا كَانَتْ دَارُهُ إِلَى جَانِبِ السُّورِ، وَوَعَدَهُ أَنْ يَنْقُبَ مِنَ الْعَسْكَرِ إِلَى دَارِهِ، وَيُخْرِجَ أَصْحَابَهُ إِلَى الْبَلَدِ، فَاسْتَأْمَنَ رَجُلَانِ مِنَ الْبَلَدِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْخُجُسْتَانِيِّ، وَذَكَرَا الْخَبَرَ لِصَاحِبِهِ، فَأُخِذَ الْقَطَّانُ وَأُخْرِبَتْ دَارُهُ، وَبَطَلَ مَا كَانَ الْخُجُسْتَانِيُّ عَزَمَ عَلَيْهِ. وَكَانَ خَلِيفَةُ الْخُجُسْتَانِيُّ بِنَيْسَابُورَ قَدْ أَسَاءَ السِّيرَةَ، وَقَوَّى الْعَيَّارِينَ وَأَهْلَ الْفَسَادِ، فَاجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ إِلَى كَيْكَانَ، فَثَارَ عَلَى نَائِبِهِ، وَأَعَانَهُمْ عَمْرُو بْنُ اللَّيْثِ بِجُنْدِهِ، فَقَبَضُوا عَلَى خَلِيفَةِ الْخُجُسْتَانِيِّ، وَأَقَامَ أَصْحَابُ عَمْرٍو بِنَيْسَابُورَ، فَبَلَغَ الْخَبَرُ إِلَى أَحْمَدَ، فَوَافَى نَيْسَابُورَ، فَخَرَجَ عَنْهَا كَيْكَانُ ( وَغَيْرُهُ، فَرَدَّهُمْ أَصْحَابُ أَحْمَدَ الْخُجُسْتَانِيُّ، فَقَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ جَمَاعَةً، وَغَيَّبَ كَيْكَانَ )، فَلَمْ يَظْهَرْ إِلَّا بَعْدَ مُدَّةٍ مَيِّتًا، وَقَدْ بَنَى عَلَيْهِ حَائِطًا فَمَاتَ فِيهِ. وَأَقَامَ أَحْمَدُ بِنَيْسَابُورَ تَمَامَ سَنَةِ سَبْعٍ وَسِتِّينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَمْرًا كَاتَبَ أَبَا طَلْحَةَ، وَهُوَ يُحَاصِرُ بَلْخَ، يَسْتَقْدِمُهُ إِلَى هَرَاةَ، فَأَتَاهُ، فَأَكْرَمَهُ، وَأَعْطَاهُ مَالًا عَظِيمًا، وَوَعَدَهُ وَتَرَكَهُ بِخُرَاسَانَ، وَعَادَ إِلَى سِجِسْتَانَ ; فَسَارَ أَحْمَدُ إِلَى سَرَخْسَ، وَبِهَا عَامِلُ عَمْرٍو، فَأَتَاهُ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ، فَقَاتَلَهُ، فَانْهَزَمَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ، وَمَرَّ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ، وَسَارَ أَحْمَدُ خَلْفَهُ، فَلَحِقَهُ بُخُلْمُ فَحَارَبَهُ، فَهَزَمَهُ أَيْضًا، وَسَارَ نَحْوَ سِجِسْتَانَ، وَأَقَامَ أَحْمَدُ بِطَخَارِسْتَانَ. ( وَكَانَ نَاسِرَارُ ) عَبَّاسٌ الْقَطَّانُ قَدْ أَتَى طَلْحَةَ، فَسَارَ نَحْوَ نَيْسَابُورَ، فَأَعَانَهُ أَهْلُهَا، فَأَخَذُوا وَالِدَةَ الْخُجُسْتَانِيِّ، وَمَا كَانَ مَعَهَا ; ( وَأَقَامَ بِنَيْسَابُورَ، وَلَحِقَ بِهِ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ، فَمَنَعَهُ أَهْلُ نَيْسَابُورَ مِنْ دُخُولِهَا ). وَاتَّصَلَ الْخَبَرُ بِالْخُجُسْتَانِيِّ، وَهُوَ بِطَايِكَانَ مِنْ طَخَارِسْتَانَ، فَسَارَ مُجِدًّا نَحْوَ نَيْسَابُورَ. وَلَمَّا أَيِسَ الطَّاهِرِيَّةُ مِنَ الْخُجُسْتَانِيِّ، وَكَانَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ طَاهِرٍ بِخُوَارِزْمَ وَالِيًا عَلَيْهَا، أَنْفَذَ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ النَّوْفَلِيَّ فِي خَمْسَةِ آلَافِ رَجُلٍ لِيُخْرِجَ أَحْمَدَ مِنْ نَيْسَابُورَ، فَبَلَغَ خَبَرُهُ أَحْمَدَ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ يَنْهَاهُ عَنْ سَفْكِ الدِّمَاءِ، فَأَخَذَ النَّوْفَلِيُّ الرُّسُلَ، فَأَمَرَ بِضَرْبِهِمْ، وَحَلْقِ لِحَاهُمْ، وَأَرَادَ قَتْلَهُمْ، فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ يَطْلُبُونَ الْجَلَّادِينَ، وَالْحَجَّامِينَ لِيَحْلِقُوا لِحَاهُمْ، أَتَاهُمُ الْخَبَرُ بِقُرْبِ جَيْشِ أَحْمَدَ مِنْهُمْ، فَاشْتَغَلُوا، وَتَرَكُوا الرُّسُلَ، فَهَرَبُوا إِلَى أَحْمَدَ، وَأَعْلَمُوهُ الْخَبَرَ، فَعَبَّأَ أَصْحَابَهُ، وَحَمَلُوا عَلَى النَّوْفَلِيِّ حَمْلَةَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَأَكْثَرُوا فِيهِمُ الْقَتْلَ، وَقَبَضُوا عَلَى النَّوْفَلِيِّ، وَأَحْضَرُوهُ عِنْدَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّ الرُّسُلَ لَتَخْتَلِفُ إِلَى بِلَادِ الْكُفَّارِ، فَلَا تَتَعَرَّضُ لَهُمْ، أَفَلَا اسْتَحْيَيْتَ أَنْ تَأْمُرَ فِي رُسُلِي بِمَا أَمَرْتَ ؟ فَقَالَ النَّوْفَلِيُّ: أَخْطَأْتُ ; فَقَالَ: لَكِنِّي سَأُصِيبُ فِي أَمْرِكَ ! ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِهِ فَقُتِلَ. وَبَلَغَهُ أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ بِمَرْوَ قَدْ جَبَى أَهْلَهَا فِي سَنَتَيْنِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ خَرَاجًا، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِ فِي أَبْيُورْدَ فِي يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ، فَأَخَذَهُ مِنْ عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ، وَأَقَامَ بِمَرْوَ، فَجَبَى خَرَاجَهَا، ثُمَّ وَلَّاهَا مُوسَى الْبَلْخِيَّ، ثُمَّ وَافَاهَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ طَاهِرٍ، فَأَحْسَنَ فِيهِمُ السِّيرَةَ، وَوَصَلَ إِلَيْهِ نَحْوُ عِشْرِينَ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ.
Translation
✧ Accounts of Aḥmad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Khujustānī Aḥmad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Khujustānī was from Khujustān, which is among the mountains of Herat, of the districts of Bādhghīs, and he was one of the companions of Muḥammad b. Ṭāhir. When Yaʿqūb b. al-Layth took possession of Naysābūr, as we have mentioned, he attached Aḥmad to himself and to his brother ʿAlī b. al-Layth. The Banū Sharkūb were three brothers: Ibrāhīm, Abū Ḥafṣ Yaʿmar, and Abū Ṭalḥa Manṣūr, sons of Muslim. The eldest of them was Ibrāhīm, and he had distinguished himself before Yaʿqūb at the engagement with al-Ḥasan b. Zayd in Jurjān, so he advanced him. One day he entered upon him in Naysābūr on a day of severe cold, and Yaʿqūb bestowed upon him a sable fur that was on his shoulder. Al-Khujustānī envied him for it and said to him: "Yaʿqūb intends treachery against you, for he does not bestow a robe of honor on any of his close associates without then betraying him." That distressed Ibrāhīm, and he said: "What is the stratagem for deliverance?" He said: "The stratagem is that we all flee to your brother Yaʿmar, for I fear for him as well." Yaʿmar had been besieging Abū Dāwūd al-Nāhijūzī at Balkh with about five thousand men, so the two agreed to leave that very night. Ibrāhīm preceded him to the rendezvous and waited for him for a while but did not see him, so he traveled toward Sarakhs. Al-Khujustānī went to Yaʿqūb and informed him, so he sent him in his pursuit. They overtook him at Sarakhs and killed him, and Yaʿqūb inclined toward al-Khujustānī. When Yaʿqūb wished to return to Sijistān, he appointed ʿAzīz b. al-Sarrī as his deputy over Naysābūr and appointed his brother ʿAmr b. al-Layth over Herat. ʿAmr appointed as his deputy there Ṭāhir b. Ḥafṣ al-Bādhghīsī. Yaʿqūb marched to Sijistān in the year 261, and al-Khujustānī wished to remain behind because of what he was telling himself. He said to ʿAlī b. al-Layth: "Your two brothers have divided Khurasan between them, and you have no one there to attend to your affairs. You ought to send me back to it so that I may manage your affairs." So ʿAlī asked his brother Yaʿqūb's permission for that, and he permitted him. When Aḥmad came to bid farewell to Yaʿqūb, he spoke well to him, gave him gifts, and bestowed a robe of honor on him. When he turned away from him, Yaʿqūb said: "I bear witness that the back of his neck is the neck of a rebel, and that this is the last of our acquaintance with his obedience." When he left them, he gathered about a hundred men and brought them to Basht of Naysābūr. He fought its governor, expelled him from it, collected its taxes, then went out to Qūmis and inflicted a great slaughter at Bisṭām and gained mastery over it, in the year 261. He marched to Naysābūr, where ʿAzīz b. al-Sarrī was, so ʿAzīz fled, and Aḥmad seized his baggage and took possession of Naysābūr, summoning to the Ṭāhirids, at the beginning of the year 262. He wrote to Rāfiʿ b. Harthama summoning him, and he came to him, and he made him commander of his army. He wrote to Yaʿmar b. Sharkūb, who was besieging Balkh, summoning him so that they might agree over those lands, but Yaʿmar did not trust him because of what he had done to his brother. Yaʿmar marched to Herat and fought Ṭāhir b. Ḥafṣ and killed him, and took possession of Ṭāhir's districts. Aḥmad marched against him, and there were skirmishes between them. Abū Ṭalḥa b. Sharkūb was a youth among the most handsome of youths, and ʿAbd Allāh b. Bilāl inclined toward him, and he was one of Yaʿmar's commanders. He corresponded with al-Khujustānī, informing him that he would prepare a banquet for Yaʿmar and his commanders and invite them on a day he specified, and he commanded him to rush upon them on that day, for he would aid him, on condition that he hand over to him Abū Ṭalḥa. Aḥmad agreed to that. Ibn Bilāl prepared food and invited Yaʿmar and his companions, and Aḥmad fell upon them by surprise, seized Yaʿmar, and sent him to his deputy in Naysābūr, who killed him. A group of his brother's companions gathered around Abū Ṭalḥa and killed Ibn Bilāl, and they marched to Naysābūr. Al-Ḥusayn b. Ṭāhir, brother of Muḥammad b. Ṭāhir, had arrived there from Iṣfahān, hoping that Aḥmad would proclaim allegiance to them as he had shown of himself, but he did not. Abū Ṭalḥa proclaimed allegiance to him there and stayed with him. Al-Khujustānī marched against him from Herat with twelve thousand mounted men, and camped three stages from Naysābūr. He sent his brother al-ʿAbbās to it, and Abū Ṭalḥa went out to meet him and fought him, and al-ʿAbbās was killed and his companions were routed. When news of them reached Aḥmad, he returned to Herat, not knowing any news of his brother. He offered money to anyone who would bring him news of him, but no one dared to do that. Rāfiʿ b. Harthama responded to him, sought safe-conduct from Abū Ṭalḥa, who granted it and brought him near and trusted him. Rāfiʿ ascertained the news of al-ʿAbbās and conveyed it to his brother Aḥmad. Abū Ṭalḥa sent him to Bayhaq and Bust to collect their revenues for himself, and attached to him two commanders. Rāfiʿ collected the revenues, seized the two commanders, and marched to al-Khujustānī at a village among the villages of Khawāf, and he encamped there, where Ḥalī b. Yaḥyā al-Khārijī was, and he encamped at a distance from him. News reached Abū Ṭalḥa, so he rode in haste and reached them at night, and fell upon Ḥalī and his companions, thinking it was Rāfiʿ, while Rāfiʿ fled safely. Abū Ṭalḥa learned the situation of Ḥalī after a fierce battle, so he desisted from him and treated him and his companions well. Then Abū Ṭalḥa sent an army to Jurjān, where Thābit b. al-Ḥasan b. Zayd was with the Daylamites. The commander of Abū Ṭalḥa's army was Isḥāq al-Shārī. They fought the Daylamites at Jurjān, inflicted a great slaughter on them, and expelled them from it, in Rajab of the year 263. Then Isḥāq rebelled against Abū Ṭalḥa, so Abū Ṭalḥa marched against him, and on the way he occupied himself with diversion and hunting. Isḥāq fell upon him by surprise, killed his companions, and Abū Ṭalḥa fled to Naysābūr. Its people considered him weak and expelled him from it, so he encamped a farsakh away, gathered a force, and fought them. Then he forged a letter from the people of Naysābūr to Isḥāq, summoning him to them and promising him aid against Abū Ṭalḥa. Isḥāq was deceived by that. Abū Ṭalḥa wrote a letter in Isḥāq's name to the people of Naysābūr promising them that he would aid them against Abū Ṭalḥa, and commanding them to guard the mountain passes and to avoid approaching the town until he came to them. They were deceived by that and thought it was his letter, so they did what he commanded them. Isḥāq marched in haste. When he approached Naysābūr, Abū Ṭalḥa met him and took him by surprise. Abū Ṭalḥa thrust at him and threw him from his horse into a well there, so no news was known of him. His companions were routed, and some of them entered Naysābūr. Abū Ṭalḥa pressed them hard, so they wrote to al-Khujustānī and summoned him from Herat. He came to them in two days and two nights and arrived at night, so they opened the gates for him, and he entered it. Abū Ṭalḥa departed from it to al-Ḥasan b. Zayd, who reinforced him with troops, and he returned to Naysābūr but gained nothing. He marched to Balkh and besieged Abū Dāwūd al-Nāhijūzī, and a great multitude gathered with him, in the year 265 (or, it is said, 266). Al-Khujustānī's march to fight al-Ḥasan b. Zayd Al-Khujustānī marched to fight al-Ḥasan b. Zayd because of his aiding Abū Ṭalḥa. Al-Ḥasan sought help from the people of Jurjān, and they aided him. Al-Khujustānī fought them and routed them, raided them, and imposed on them four million dirhams, in Ramaḍān of the year 265. It happened that Yaʿqūb b. al-Layth died in the year 265 also, and his brother ʿAmr succeeded him. He returned to Sijistān and aimed for Herat. Al-Khujustānī returned from Jurjān to Naysābūr, and ʿAmr b. al-Layth came to meet him. They fought, and ʿAmr was routed and returned to Herat, while Aḥmad remained in Naysābūr. Kaykān, that is Yaḥyā b. Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā al-Dhuhlī, and a group of volunteers and jurists in Naysābūr inclined toward ʿAmr because of the sultan's appointment of him. Al-Khujustānī decided to set them against each other so that they would be occupied with one another. He summoned a group of the jurists who followed the schools of the people of Iraq, treated them well, brought them near, honored them, and they showed opposition to Kaykān and broke with him. Kaykān followed the school of the people of Madinah, so their mischief was averted. He marched to Herat and besieged ʿAmr b. al-Layth there in the year 267 but gained nothing. He marched toward Sijistān and on the way besieged the fortress of Raml Sīy but gained nothing from it. He resorted to a stratagem until he won over a cotton merchant whose house was beside the wall, and promised him that he would dig a tunnel from the camp to his house and bring out his men into the town. Two men from the town, among al-Khujustānī's companions, sought safe-conduct and mentioned the news to its governor. The cotton merchant was seized and his house was demolished, and what al-Khujustānī had resolved came to nothing. Al-Khujustānī's deputy in Naysābūr had behaved badly and strengthened the ruffians and corrupt people. The people gathered around Kaykān, and he rose against the deputy, and ʿAmr b. al-Layth aided them with his troops. They seized al-Khujustānī's deputy, and ʿAmr's companions stayed in Naysābūr. News reached Aḥmad, and he came to Naysābūr. Kaykān and others left it, but Aḥmad al-Khujustānī's companions brought them back, and he killed a group of them and made Kaykān disappear. He did not appear until after a while, dead; he had built a wall over him and he died inside it. Aḥmad remained in Naysābūr for the rest of the year 267. Then ʿAmr wrote to Abū Ṭalḥa, who was besieging Balkh, summoning him to Herat. He came to him, and he honored him, gave him great wealth, made promises to him, and left him in Khurasan, returning to Sijistān. Aḥmad marched to Sarakhs, where ʿAmr's governor was. Abū Ṭalḥa came to him and fought him, and Abū Ṭalḥa was routed and fled at full speed. Aḥmad marched after him and overtook him at Khulm and fought him, and routed him again. He marched toward Sijistān, and Aḥmad stayed in Ṭukhāristān. Nāsirār ʿAbbās al-Qaṭṭān had come to Ṭalḥa and marched toward Naysābūr, and its people aided him. They seized al-Khujustānī's mother and what was with her. He stayed in Naysābūr, and Abū Ṭalḥa joined him, but the people of Naysābūr prevented him from entering it. News reached al-Khujustānī while he was at Ṭāyiqān in Ṭukhāristān, and he marched in haste toward Naysābūr. When the Ṭāhirids despaired of al-Khujustānī, and Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Ṭāhir was governor of Khwārizm, he sent Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Nawfalī with five thousand men to expel Aḥmad from Naysābūr. News of him reached Aḥmad, and he sent to him forbidding the shedding of blood. Al-Nawfalī seized the messengers and ordered them to be beaten and their beards shaved, and he wanted to kill them. While they were seeking executioners and barbers to shave their beards, news came to them that Aḥmad's army was near. They became occupied and left the messengers, who fled to Aḥmad and informed him of the news. He arrayed his companions, and they charged al-Nawfalī with a single charge, inflicting great slaughter among them. They seized al-Nawfalī and brought him before him. He said to him: "Messengers go back and forth to the lands of the infidels and no one molests them. Were you not ashamed to order what you ordered concerning my messengers?" Al-Nawfalī said: "I erred." He said: "But I shall hit the mark in your affair!" Then he ordered him to be killed. He learned that Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad b. Ṭalḥa in Marw had collected from its people in two years the equivalent of fifteen land taxes. He marched to him at Abīward in a day and a night and seized him from his bed. He stayed in Marw and collected its land tax, then appointed Mūsā al-Balkhī over it. Then al-Ḥusayn b. Ṭāhir came to it, and he governed them well, and about twenty million dirhams reached him.
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