Dalilدليل
العربية

Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3185

The Year 204 AH

ذِكْرُ مَنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ مِنَ الْأَكَابِرِ 1119 - أَشْهَبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَبُو عُمَرَ الْعَامِرِيُّ  . وُلِدَ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، وَكَانَ أَحَدَ فُقَهَاءِ مِصْرَ، وَذَوِي رَأْيِهَا. تُوَفِّي فِي شَعْبَانَ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ الْمُغَافِرِيُّ: رَأَيْتُ فِي الْمَنَامِ قَائِلًا يَقُولُ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، فَأَجَبْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: ذَهَبَ الَّذِينَ يُقَالُ عِنْدَ فِرَاقِهِمْ لَيْتَ الْبِلَادَ بِأَهْلِهَا تَتَصَدَّعُ وَكَانَ أَشْهَبُ مَرِيضًا، فَقُلْتُ: مَا أَخْوَفَنِي أَنْ يَمُوتَ أَشْهَبُ. فَمَاتَ مِنْ مَرَضِهِ ذَلِكَ. 1120 - بُهْلُولُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ بْنِ سِنَانٍ، أَبُو الْهَيْثَمِ التَّنُوخِيُّ  . مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَنْبَارِ، سَمِعَ بِبَغْدَادَ، وَالْبَصْرَةَ، وَالْكُوفَةَ، وَمَكَّةَ، وَالْمَدِينَةَ، وَحَدَّثَ عَنْ شَيَّبَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَوَرْقَاءَ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَالْفَرَجِ بْنِ فَضَالَةَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، وَشُعْبَةَ، وَحَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، وَهُشَيْمٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ وَكَذَا حَدَّثَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ. عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الْأَزْرَقِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمِّي الْبُهْلُولُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ الْبُهْلُولِ قَالَ: كَانَ جَدِّي الْبُهْلُولُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ قَدْ طَلَبَ الْأَخْبَارَ، وَاللُّغَةَ، وَالشِّعْرَ، وَأَيَّامَ النَّاسِ، وَالتَّفْسِيرَ، وَالسِّيَرَ، فَأَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ تَزَهَّدَ إِلَى أَنْ مَاتَ بِالْأَنْبَارِ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَمِائَتَيْنِ. 1121 - الْحَسَنُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، أَبُو عَلِيٍّ اللُّؤْلُؤِيُّ  . أَحَدُ أَصْحَابِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ فَرَوَى عَنْهُ ابْنُ سَمَاعَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ شُجَاعٍ الْبَلْخِيُّ، وَوَلِيَ الْقَضَاءَ بَعْدَ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، وَكَانَ إِذَا جَاءَهُ خَصْمَانِ لَمْ يَدْرِ كَيْفَ يَحْكُمُ، فَإِذَا ذَهَبَا عَرَفَ الْحُكْمَ وَلَمْ يُوَفَّقْ فِي الْقَضَاءِ، وَكَانَ يُحْكَى عَنْهُ قِلَّةُ دِينٍ. قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ: هُوَ كَذَّابٌ خَبِيثٌ  ، وَقَالَ أَبُو ثَوْرٍ: مَا رَأَيْتُ أَكْذَبَ مِنْهُ، قَالَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ: مَتْرُوكٌ تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. 1122 - سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْجَارُودِ [أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ مَوْلَى قُرَيْشٍ  . وَأَصْلُهُ فَارِسِيٌّ، سَكَنَ الْبَصْرَةَ، وَحَدَّثَ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ وَالثَّوْرِيِّ، وَخَلْقٍ كَثِيرٍ، وَرَوَى عَنْهُ: أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، وَجَمَاعَةٍ. وَكَانَ حَافِظًا مُكْثِرًا ثَبْتًا، كَتَبُوا عَنْهُ أَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفَ حَدِيثٍ، وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُ كِتَابٌ. قَالَ: أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ بَصْرِيٌّ ثِقَةٌ  ، وَكَانَ كَثِيرَ الْحِفْظِ، وَكَانَ قَدْ شَرِبَ الْبَلَاذِرَ هُوَ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، فَجُذِمَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، وَبَرِصَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ فَحَفِظَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ أَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفَ حَدِيثٍ، وَحَفِظَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ عَشْرَةَ آلَافِ حَدِيثٍ. تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي صَفَرِ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، وَقِيلَ فِي رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ وَهُوَ ابْنُ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَسَبْعِينَ سَنَةً. وَقِيلَ: فِي سَنَةِ ثَلَاثٍ. 1123 - لَهِيعَةُ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ لَهِيعَةَ، أَبُو عُقْبَةَ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ  . يَرْوِي عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ لَهِيعَةَ، وَكَانَ قَاضِيَ مِصْرَ. تُوُفِّيَ فِي ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. 1124 - مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ - وَاسْمُهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ - وَيُكَنَّى مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْإِيَادِيَّ الطَّنَافِسِيَّ الْكُوفِيَّ. وُلِدَ سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، وَسَمِعَ هِشَامَ بْنَ عُرْوَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ، وَالْأَعْمَشَ، وَغَيْرَهُمْ. نَزَلَ بَغْدَادَ دَهْرًا، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ، فَمَاتَ بِهَا فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ وَقِيلَ: فِي سَنَةِ خَمْسٍ. وَقِيلَ: فِي سَنَةِ ثَلَاثٍ. [حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَابْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَابْنُ رَاهُوَيْهِ، وَخَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ]. عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ غَالِبٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الدارَقُطْنيَّ يَقُولُ: يَعْلَى، وَمُحَمَّدٌ، وَعُمَرُ، وَإِدْرِيسُ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بَنُو عُبَيْدٍ كُلُّهُمْ ثِقَاتٌ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ ثِقَةٌ [وَأَبُوهُمْ ثِقَةٌ]  . 1125 - الْإِمَامُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ  بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ شَافِعِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَاشِمِ بْنِ الْمُطَّلَبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافِ بْنِ قُصَيِّ بْنِ كِلَابِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ لُؤَيِّ بْنِ غَالِبٍ، أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ. عَنْ [أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ] الْخَطِيبِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْقَاضِيَ أَبَا الطَّيِّبِ الطَّبَرِيَّ يَقُولُ: شَافِعُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ الَّذِي يُنْسَبُ إِلَيْهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ ؓ لَقِيَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَهُوَ مَرْتُوعٌ، وَأَسْلَمَ أَبُوهُ السَّائِبُ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ صَاحِبَ رَايَةِ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، فَأُسِرَ وَفَدَى نَفْسَهُ، ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ فَقِيلَ لَهُ: لِمَ لَمْ تُسْلِمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُفْتَدَى؟ فَقَالَ: مَا كُنْتُ لِأَحْرِمَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ طَعْمًا لَهُمْ فِيَّ. قَالَ الْقَاضِي: وَقَدْ وَصَفَ بَعْضُ أْهَلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالنَّسَبِ الشَّافِعِيَّ فَقَالَ: شَقِيقُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي نَسَبِهِ، وَشَرِيكُهُ فِي حَسْبِهِ، لَمْ يَنَلْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ طَهَارَةً فِي مَوْلِدِهِ، وَفَضِيلَةً فِي آبَائِهِ إِلَّا وَهُوَ قَسِيمُهُ فِيهَا إِلَى أَنِ افْتَرَقَا مِنْ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ، فَزَوَّجَ الْمُطَّلِبُ ابْنَهُ هَاشِمًا الشِّفَا بِنْتَ هَاشِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ عَبْدَ يَزِيدَ جَدَّ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَكَانَ يُقَالُ لِعَبْدِ يَزِيدَ الْمَحْضُ لَا قَذًى فِيهِ، فَقَدْ وَلَدَ الشَّافِعِيَّ الْهَاشِمَانِ: هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَهَاشِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ. وَالشَّافِعِيُّ ابْنُ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَابْنُ عَمَّتِهِ، لِأَنَّ الْمُطَّلِبَ عَمُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَالشِّفَا بِنْتُ هَاشِمٍ أُخْتُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ عَمَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَمَّا أُمُّ الشَّافِعِيِّ فَهِيَ أَزْدِيَّةٌ، وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " الْأَزْدُ جُرْثُومَةُ الْعَرَبِ ". وُلِدَ بِغَزَّةَ مِنْ بِلَادِ الشَّامِ، وَقِيلَ: بِالْيَمَنِ، وَنَشَأَ بِمَكَّةَ وَكَتَبَ الْعِلْمَ بِهَا وَبِمَدِينَةِ الرَّسُولِ ﷺ، وَكَانَ خَفِيفَ الْعَارِضَيْنِ يُخَضِّبُ بِالْحِنَّاءِ، وَقَدِمَ بَغْدَادَ مَرَّتَيْنِ وَحَدَّثَ بِهَا، وَسُمِّي فِيهَا نَاصِرَ الْحَدِيثِ، وَخَرَجَ إِلَى مِصْرَ فَنَزَلَهَا إِلَى حِينِ وَفَاتِهِ. وَسَمِعَ مِنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَسُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَعَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ، وَمُسْلِمِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الزِّنْجِيِّ، وَخَلْقٍ كَثِيرٍ. وَرَوَى عَنْهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْأَكَابِرِ. عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وُلِدْتُ بِغَزَّةَ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ، وَحُمِلْتُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ وَأَنَا ابْنُ سَنَتَيْنِ. قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي غَيْرُهُ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ: لَمْ يَكُنْ لِي مَالٌ وَكُنْتُ أَطْلُبُ الْعِلْمَ فِي الْحَدَاثَةِ، أَذْهَبُ إِلَى الدَّوَاوِينِ أَسْتَوْهِبُ الظُّهُورَ، أَكْتُبُ فِيهَا. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: حَفِظْتُ الْقُرْآنَ وَأَنَا ابْنُ سَبْعِ سِنِينَ، وَحَفِظْتُ الْمُوَطَّأَ، وَأَنَا ابْنُ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ، وَمَا أَفْتَيْتُ حَتَّى حَفِظْتُ عَشَرَةَ آلَافِ حَدِيثٍ، وَكَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي أَوَّلِ أَمْرِهِ قَلِيلَ التِّلَاوَةِ لِلْقُرْآنِ لِاشْتِغَالِهِ بِالْعِلْمِ ثُمَّ أَكْثَرَ آخِرَ عُمْرِهِ مِنَ الْقِرَاءَةِ. فَرَوَى عَنْهُ الرَّبِيعُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَخْتِمُ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ خَتْمَةً، وَإِذَا كَانَ رَمَضَانُ خَتَمَ سِتِّينَ خَتْمَةً، وَكَانَ حَسَنَ الصَّوْتِ، إِذَا سَمِعَهُ النَّاسُ يَتْلُو اشْتَدَّ بُكَاؤُهُمْ، كَانَ أَوَّلَ أَمْرِهِ يَنَامُ ثُلُثَ اللَّيْلِ، وَيُصَلِّي ثُلُثَ اللَّيْلِ، وَيَطْلُبُ الْعِلْمَ ثُلُثُ اللَّيْلِ، ثُمَّ صَارَ يُحْيِي اللَّيْلَ، وَأَفْتَى وَلَهُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً. عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْجَارُودِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الرَّبِيعَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ يَقُولُ: كَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ يُفْتِي وَلَهُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، وَكَانَ يُحْيِي اللَّيْلَ إِلَى أَنْ مَاتَ. وَذَكَرَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ بَدْرَانَ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِخَالوَيْهِ فِي كِتَابِ "فْضَائِلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ": عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ: أَنَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ كَانَ عِنْدَ مَالِكٍ وَعِنْدَهُ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ وَالزِّنْجِيُّ فَأَقْبَلَ رَجُلَانِ، فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا: أَنَا الرَّبِيعُ الْقُمَارِيُّ وَقَدْ بِعْتُ هَذَا قُمْرِيًّا، وَحَلَفْتُ لَهُ بِالطَّلَاقِ أَنَّهُ لَا يَهْدَأُ مِنَ الصِّيَاحِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَعْدَ سَاعَةٍ أَتَانِي فَقَالَ: قَدْ سَكَتُّ فَرُدَّ عَلَيَّ دَرَاهِمِي، وَقَدْ حَنِثْتُ، فَقَالَ مَالِكٌ: بَانَتْ مِنْكَ امْرَأَتُكَ. فَمَرَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ، فَقَالَ لِلْبَائِعِ: أَرَدْتَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَهْدَأُ أَبَدًا وَأَنَّ كَلَامَهُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ سُكُوتِهِ؟ فَقَالَ: قَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّهُ يَنَامُ وَيَأْكُلُ وَيَشْرَبُ، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَدْتُ كَلَامَهُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ سُكُوتِهِ، فَقَالَ: رُدَّ عَلَيْكَ امْرَأَتَكَ فَأَخْبَرَ مَالِكًا، فَقَالَ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: مِنْ أَيْنَ قُلْتَ؟ فَقَالَ: حَدِيثُ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ قَالَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَأَبَا جَهْمٍ خَطَبَانِي فَقَالَ: إِنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ صُعْلُوكٌ، وَإِنَّ أَبَا جَهْمٍ لَا يَضَعُ عَصَاهُ عَنْ عَاتِقِهِ. وَقَدْ كَانَ يَنَامُ وَيَسْتَرِيحُ، وَإِنَّمَا خَرَجَ كَلَامُهُ عَلَى الْأَغْلَبِ، فَعَجِبَ مَالِكٌ فَقَالَ الزِّنْجِيُّ: أَفْتِ فَقَدْ آنَ لَكَ أَنْ تُفْتِيَ. وَهُوَ ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِمَكَّةَ سَلُونِي عَمَّا شِئْتُمْ أُخْبِرُكُمْ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَسُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ: مَا تَقُولُ فِي الْمُحْرِمِ قَتَلَ زُنْبُورًا، فَقَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا. عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. "اقْتَدُوا بِاللَّذَيْنِ مِنْ بَعْدِي: أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ ". عَنْ عُمَرَ: أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِ الزُّنْبُورِ. عَنْ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: أَشَدُّ الْأَعْمَالِ ثَلَاثَةٌ: الْجُودُ مِنْ قِلَّةٍ وَالْوَرَعُ فِي خَلْوَةٍ وَكَلِمَةُ الْحَقِّ عِنْدَ مَنْ يُرْجَى وَيُخَافُ. عَنْ الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: لَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّ الْخَلْقَ يَتَعَلَّمُونَ مِنِّي وَلَا يُنْسَبُ إِلَيَّ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ. وَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: طَلَبُ الْعِلْمِ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ صَلَاةِ النَّافِلَةِ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْهُ: مَا نَاظَرْتُ أَحَدًا فَأَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ يُخْطِئَ بَلْ أُحِبُّ أَنْ يُوَفَّقَ وَيُسَدَّدَ، وَمَا نَاظَرْتُ أَحَدًا إِلَّا وَلَمْ أُبَالِ بَيَّنَ اللَّهُ الْحَقَّ عَلَى لِسَانِي أَوْ لِسَانِهِ. عَنْ الْمُزَنِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: مَنْ تَعَلَّمَ الْقُرْآنَ عَظُمَتْ قِيمَتُهُ، وَمَنْ نَظَرَ فِي الْفِقْهِ نَبُلَ مِقْدَارُهُ، وَمَنْ تَعَلَّمَ اللُّغَةَ رَقَّ طَبْعُهُ، وَمَنْ تَعَلَّمَ الْحِسَابَ جَزَلَ رَأْيُهُ، وَمَنْ كَتَبَ الْحَدِيثَ قَوِيَتْ حُجَّتُهُ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَصُنْ نَفْسَهُ لَمْ يَنْفَعْهُ عِلْمُهُ. عَنِ الْمُزَنِيِّ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي عِلَّتِهِ الَّتِي مَاتَ فِيهَا، فَقُلْتُ كَيْفَ أَصْبَحْتَ قَالَ: أَصْبَحْتُ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا رَاحِلًا، وَلِإِخْوَانِي مُفَارِقًا، وَكَأْسَ الْمَنِيَّةِ شَارِبًا، وَلِسُوءِ أَعْمَالِي مُلَاقِيًا، وَعَلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَارِدًا، فَلَا أَدْرِي أَرُوحِي تَصِيرُ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ فَأُهَنِّيهَا، أَوْ إِلَى النَّارِ فَأُعَزِّيهَا، ثُمَّ بَكَى، وَأَنْشَأَ يَقُولُ: وَلَمَّا قَسَى قَلْبِي وَضَاقَتْ مَذَاهِبِي     جَعَلْتُ الرَّجَا مِنِّي لِعَفْوِكَ سُلَّمَا تَعَاظَمَنِي ذَنْبِي فَلَمَّا قَرَنْتُهُ     بِعَفْوِكَ رَبِّي كَانَ عَفْوُكَ أَعْظَمَا وَمَا زِلْتَ ذَا عَفْوٍ عَنِ الذَّنْبِ لَمْ تَزَلْ     تَجُودُ وَتَعْفُوَ مِنَّةً وَتَكَرُّمَا عَنْ الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: تُوُفِّيَ الشَّافِعِيُّ لَيْلَةَ الْجُمْعَةِ بَعْدَ الْعَشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ آخَرَ يَوْمٍ مِنْ رَجَبٍ، وَدَفَنَّاهُ يَوْمَ الْجُمْعَةِ، فَانْصَرَفْنَا فَرَأَيْنَا هِلَالَ شَعْبَانَ. قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ: رَأَيْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ بَعْدَ وَفَاتِهِ فِي الْمَنَامِ فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، مَا صَنَعَ اللَّهُ بِكَ؟ قَالَ: أَجْلَسَنِي عَلَى كُرْسِيٍّ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ، وَنَثَرَ عَلَيَّ اللُّؤْلُؤَ الرَّطْبَ. عَنْ أَبِي بَيَانٍ الْأَصْفَهَانِيِّ يَقُولُ: رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فِي النَّوْمِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ابْنُ عَمِّكَ، هَلْ نَفَعْتَهُ بِشَيْءٍ؟ أَوْ خَصَصْتَهُ بِشَيْءٍ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، سَأَلْتُ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَنْ لَا يُحَاسِبَهُ، فَقُلْتُ: بِمَاذَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّهُ كَانَ يُصَلِّي عَلَيَّ صَلَاةً لَمْ يُصَلِّ بِمِثْلِ تِلْكَ الصَّلَاةِ أَحَدٌ، فَقُلْتُ: وَمَا تِلْكَ الصَّلَاةُ؟ قَالَ: كَانَ يُصَلِّي عَلَيَّ اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ كُلَّمَا ذَكَرَهُ الذَّاكِرُونَ، وَصَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ كُلَّمَا غَفَلَ عَنْهُ الْغَافِلُونَ. كَانَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ كَثِيرَ الثَّنَاءِ عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ، قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْقَرْمَانِيُّ: قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُقَيِّضُ لِلنَّاسِ فِي رَأْسِ كُلِّ مِائَةِ سَنَةٍ مَا يُعَلِّمُهُمُ السُّنَنَ، وَيَنْفِي عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْكَذِبَ. فَنَظَرْنَا فَإِذَا فِي الْمِائَةِ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ فِي رَأْسِ الْمِائَتَيْنِ الشَّافِعِيُّ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: عَنْ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: مَا بِتُّ مُنْذُ ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً إِلَّا وَأَنَا أَدْعُو إِلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ وَأَسْتَغْفِرُ لَهُ، وَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: يَا أَبَهْ، أَيُّ رَجُلٍ كَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ؟ فَإِنِّي أَسْمَعُكَ تُكْثِرُ مِنَ الدُّعَاءِ لَهُ، قَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّ، كَانَ كَالشَّمْسِ لِلدُّنْيَا، وَكَالْعَافِيَةِ لِلنَّاسِ، فَانْظُرْ هَلْ لِهَذَيْنَ مَنْ خَلَفٍ أَوْ مِنْهُمَا مِنْ عِوَضٍ. وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ لِإِسْحَاقَ بْنِ رَاهُوَيْهِ: تَعَالَى حَتَّى أَذْهَبَ بِكَ إِلَى مَنْ لَمْ تَرَ عَيْنَاكَ مِثْلَهُ، فَذَهَبَ بِهِ إِلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ. وَقَالَ صَالِحُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ: مَشَى أَبِي مَعَ بَغْلَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ مَا رَضِيتَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَمْشِيَ مَعَ بَغْلَتِهِ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا زَكَرِيَّا، لَوْ مَشَيْتُ مِنَ الْجَانِبِ الْآخَرِ كَانَ أَنْفَعَ لَكَ. وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحْمَدَ يَمِيلُ إِلَى أَحَدٍ مَيْلَهُ إِلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ. وصية الشافعي لمؤدب أولاد الرشيد عَنْ نَهْشَلِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: دَخَلَ الشَّافِعِيُّ يَوْمًا إِلَى بَعْضِ حُجَرِ هَارُونَ الرَّشِيدِ اسْتَأْذَنَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ فَأَقْعَدَهُ الْخَادِمُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ مُؤَدِّبِ أَوْلَادِ الرَّشِيدِ، قَالَ لَهُ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، هَؤُلَاءِ أَوْلَادُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَهَذَا مُؤَدِّبُهُمْ، فَلَوْ أَوْصَيْتَهُ، فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: لِيَكُنْ أَوَّلَ مَا نَبْدَأُ بِهِ مِنْ إِصْلَاحِ أَوْلَادِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِصْلَاحُكَ نَفْسَكَ، فَإِنَّ أَعْيُنَهُمْ مَغْفُورَةٌ بِعَيْنِكَ، فَالْحَسَنُ عِنْدَهُمْ مَا تَسْتَحْسِنُهُ، وَالْقَبِيحُ عِنْدَهُمْ مَا تَسْتَقْبِحُهُ، عَلِّمْهُمْ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ، وَلَا تُكْرِهُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ فَيَمَلُّوهُ، وَلَا تَتْرُكْهُمْ فَيَهْجُرُوهُ، ثُمَّ زِدْهُمْ مِنَ الشِّعْرِ أَعَفَّهُ وَمِنَ الْحَدِيثِ أَشْرَفَهُ، وَلَا تُخْرِجَنَّهُمْ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ حَتَّى يُتْقِنُوهُ، فَإِنَّ ازْدِحَامَ الْكَلَامِ فِي الْمَسْمَعِ مُصِدٌّ لِلْفَهْمِ. بين الشافعي والرشيد ومحمد بن الحسن وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ، بسنده عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ أَنَّهُ وَلِيَ الْحُكْمَ بِنَجْرَانَ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْيَمَنِ، ثُمَّ تَعَصَّبُوا عَلَيْهِ وَوَشَوْا بِهِ إِلَى الرَّشِيدِ هَارُونَ أَنَّهُ يَرُومُ الْخِلَافَةَ، فَحُمِلَ عَلَى بَغْلٍ فِي قَيْدٍ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ فَدَخَلَهَا فِي سَنَةِ أَرْبَعٍ وَثَمَانِينَ وَمِائَةٍ وَعُمُرُهُ ثَلَاثُونَ سَنَةً فَاجْتَمَعَ بِالرَّشِيدِ فَتَنَاظَرَ هُوَ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، وَأَحْسَنَ الْقَوْلَ فِيهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَتَبَيَّنَ لِلرَّشِيدِ بَرَاءَتَهُ مِمَّا نُسِبَ إِلَيْهِ، وَأَنْزَلَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ عِنْدَهُ. وَكَانَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ قَدْ مَاتَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ بِسَنَةٍ وَقِيلَ: بِسَنَتَيْنِ وَأَكْرَمَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَكَتَبَ عَنْهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَقْرَ بَعِيرٍ. ثُمَّ أَطْلَقَ لَهُ الرَّشِيدُ أَلْفَيْ دِينَارٍ وَقِيلَ: خَمْسَةَ آلَافِ دِينَارٍ وَعَادَ الشَّافِعِيُّ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَفَرَّقَ عَامَّةَ مَا حَصَلَ لَهُ فِي أَهْلِهِ وَذَوِي رَحِمِهِ مِنْ بَنِي عَمِّهِ، ثُمَّ عَادَ الشَّافِعِيُّ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ فِي سَنَةِ خَمْسٍ وَتِسْعِينَ وَمِائَةٍ فَاجْتَمَعَ بِهِ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ هَذِهِ الْمَرَّةَ؛ مِنْهُمْ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَأَبُو ثَوْرٍ، وَالْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْكَرَابِيسِيُّ، وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ سُرَيْجٍ النَّقَّالُ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَالزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُمْ. ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ. وَرَجَعَ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ أَيْضًا سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ وَتِسْعِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، ثُمَّ انْتَقَلَ مِنْهَا إِلَى مِصْرَ فَأَقَامَ بِهَا إِلَى أَنْ مَاتَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ؛ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، كَمَا سَيَأْتِي. وَصَنَّفَ بِهَا كِتَابَهُ " " الْأُمَّ " "، وَهُوَ مِنْ كُتُبِهِ الْجَدِيدَةِ؛ لِأَنَّهَا مِنْ رِوَايَةِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ وَهُوَ مِصْرِيٌّ. وَقَدْ زَعَمَ إِمَامُ الْحَرَمَيْنِ وَغَيْرُهُ أَنَّهَا مِنَ الْقَدِيمِ. وَهَذَا بَعِيدٌ وَعَجِيبٌ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقَدْ أَثْنَى عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ كِبَارِ الْأَئِمَّةِ، مِنْهُمْ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ وَسَأَلَهُ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ لَهُ كِتَابًا فِي الْأُصُولِ فَكَتَبَ لَهُ " " الرِّسَالَةَ " "، وَكَانَ يَدْعُو لَهُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ دَائِمًا ثناء العلماء عليه وطرفا من مآثره ؓ وَقَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ: هُوَ صَدُوقٌ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ. وَقَالَ مَرَّةً: لَوْ كَانَ الْكَذِبُ لَهُ مُطْلَقًا لَكَانَتْ مُرُوءَتُهُ تَمْنَعُهُ أَنْ يَكْذِبَ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ: الشَّافِعِيُّ فَقِيهُ الْبَدَنِ، صَدُوقُ اللِّسَانِ. وَحَكَى بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ أَبِي زُرْعَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَا عِنْدَ الشَّافِعِيِّ حَدِيثٌ غَلِطَ فِيهِ. وَحُكِيَ عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ نَحْوَهُ. وَقَالَ إِمَامُ الْأَئِمَّةِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، وَقَدْ سُئِلَ: هَلْ سُنَّةٌ لَمْ تَبْلُغِ الشَّافِعِيَّ ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا. وَمَعْنَى هَذَا أَنَّهَا تَارَةً تَبْلُغُهُ بِسَنَدِهَا، وَتَارَةً مُرْسَلَةً، وَتَارَةً مُنْقَطِعَةً، كَمَا هُوَ الْمَوْجُودُ فِي كُتُبِهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقَالَ حَرْمَلَةُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: سُمِّيتُ بِبَغْدَادَ نَاصِرُ السُّنَّةِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو ثَوْرٍ: مَا رَأَيْنَا مِثْلَ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَلَا رَأَى هُوَ مِثْلَ نَفْسِهِ. وَكَذَا قَالَ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ. وَقَالَ دَاوُدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الظَّاهِرِيُّ فِي كِتَابٍ جَمَعَهُ فِي فَضَائِلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ: لِلشَّافِعِيِّ مِنَ الْفَضَائِلِ مَا لَمْ يَجْتَمِعْ لِغَيْرِهِ؛ مِنْ شَرَفِ نَسَبِهِ، وَصِحَّةِ دِينِهِ، وَمُعْتَقَدِهِ، وَسَخَاوَةِ نَفْسِهِ، وَمَعْرِفَتِهِ بِصِحَّةِ الْحَدِيثِ وَسَقَمِهِ وَنَاسِخِهِ وَمَنْسُوخِهِ، وَحِفْظِهِ الْكِتَابَ وَالسُّنَّةَ وَسِيرَةَ الْخُلَفَاءِ، وَحُسْنِ التَّصْنِيفِ، وَجَوْدَةِ الْأَصْحَابِ وَالتَّلَامِذَةِ، مِثْلَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ فِي زُهْدِهِ وَوَرَعِهِ، وَإِقَامَتِهِ عَلَى السُّنَّةِ. ثُمَّ سَرَدَ أَعْيَانَ أَصْحَابِهِ مِنَ الْبَغَادِدَةِ وَالْمِصْرِيِّينَ. وَكَذَا عَدَّ أَبُو دَاوُدَ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ تَلَامِيذِهِ فِي الْفِقْهِ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ. وَقَدْ كَانَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ أَعْلَمِ النَّاسِ بِمَعَانِي الْقُرْآنِ وَالسُّنَّةِ، وَأَشَدِّ النَّاسِ انْتِزَاعًا لِلدَّلَائِلِ مِنْهُمَا، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَحْسَنِ النَّاسِ قَصْدًا وَإِخْلَاصًا، كَانَ يَقُولُ: وَدِدْتُ أَنَّ النَّاسَ تَعَلَّمُوا هَذَا الْعِلْمَ، وَلَا يُنْسَبُ إِلَيَّ شَيْءٌ مِنْهُ أَبَدًا، فَأُؤْجَرُ عَلَيْهِ وَلَا يَحْمَدُونِي. وَقَدْ قَالَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ عَنْهُ: إِذَا صَحَّ عِنْدَكُمُ الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقُولُوا بِهِ وَدَعُوا قَوْلِي فَإِنِّي أَقُولُ بِهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ تَسْمَعُوهُ مِنِّي. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: فَلَا تُقَلِّدُونِي. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: فَلَا تَلْتَفِتُوا إِلَى قَوْلِي. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: فَاضْرِبُوا بِقَوْلِي عُرْضَ الْحَائِطِ، فَلَا قَوْلَ لِي مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَقَالَ: لِأَنْ يَلْقَى اللَّهَ الْعَبْدُ بِكُلِّ ذَنْبٍ مَا خَلَا الشِّرْكَ بِاللَّهِ خَيْرٌ لَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَلْقَاهُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ الْأَهْوَاءِ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: خَيْرٌ لَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَلْقَاهُ بِعِلْمِ الْكَلَامِ. وَقَالَ: لَوْ عَلِمَ النَّاسُ مَا فِي عِلْمِ الْكَلَامِ مِنَ الْأَهْوَاءِ لَفَرُّوا مِنْهُ كَمَا يَفِرُّونَ مِنَ الْأَسَدِ. وَقَالَ أَيْضًا: حُكْمِي فِي أَهْلِ الْكَلَامِ أَنْ يُضْرَبُوا بِالْجَرِيدِ، وَيُطَافَ بِهِمْ فِي الْقَبَائِلِ وَيُنَادَى عَلَيْهِمْ: هَذَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ تَرَكَ الْكِتَابَ وَالسُّنَّةَ وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى عِلْمِ الْكَلَامِ. وَقَالَ الْبُوَيْطِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: عَلَيْكُمْ بِأَصْحَابِ الْحَدِيثِ؛ فَإِنَّهُمْ أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ صَوَابًا. وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: إِذَا رَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْحَدِيثِ، فَكَأَنَّمَا رَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، جَزَاهُمُ اللَّهُ خَيْرًا، حَفِظُوا لَنَا الْأَصْلَ، فَلَهُمْ عَلَيْنَا الْفَضْلُ. وَمِنْ شِعْرِهِ فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى قَوْلُهُ: كُلُّ الْعُلُومِ سِوَى الْقُرْآنِ مَشْغَلَةٌ     إِلَّا الْحَدِيثَ وَإِلَّا الْفِقْهَ فِي الدِّينِ الْعِلْمُ مَا كَانَ فِيهِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا     وَمَا سِوَى ذَاكَ وَسْوَاسُ الشَّيَاطِينِ وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: الْقُرْآنُ كَلَامُ اللَّهِ غَيْرُ مَخْلُوقٍ، وَمَنْ قَالَ: مَخْلُوقٌ، فَهُوَ كَافِرٌ. وَقَدْ رَوَى عَنْهُ الرَّبِيعُ وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ رُءُوسِ أَصْحَابِهِ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَمُرُّ بِآيَاتِ الصِّفَاتِ وَأَحَادِيثِهَا كَمَا جَاءَتْ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَكْيِيفٍ وَلَا تَشْبِيهٍ وَلَا تَعْطِيلٍ وَلَا تَحْرِيفٍ، عَلَى طَرِيقَةِ السَّلَفِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ: أَنْشَدَنِي الْمُزَنِيُّ، قَالَ: أَنْشَدَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ لِنَفْسِهِ: مَا شِئْتَ كَانَ وَإِنْ لَمْ أَشَأْ     وَمَا شِئْتُ إِنْ لَمْ تَشَأْ لَمْ يَكُنْ خَلَقْتَ الْعِبَادَ عَلَى مَا عَلِمْتَ     فَفِي الْعِلْمِ يَجْرِي الْفَتَى وَالْمُسِنْ فَمِنْهُمْ شَقِيٌّ وَمِنْهُمْ سَعِيدٌ     وَمِنْهُمْ قَبِيحٌ وَمِنْهُمْ حَسَنْ عَلَى ذَا مَنَنْتَ وَهَذَا خَذَلْتَ     وَهَذَا أَعَنْتَ وَذَا لَمْ تُعِنْ وَقَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: أَفْضَلُ النَّاسِ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، ثُمَّ عُمَرُ، ثُمَّ عُثْمَانُ، ثُمَّ عَلِيٌّ. وَعَنِ الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: أَنْشَدَنِي الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ عَوِجَ النَّاسُ حَتَّى أَحْدَثُوا بِدَعًا     فِي الدِّينِ بِالرَّأْيِ لَمْ تُبْعَثْ بِهَا الرُّسُلُ حَتَّى اسْتَخَفَّ بِحَقِّ اللَّهِ أَكْثَرُهُمْ     وَفِي الَّذِي حُمِّلُوا مِنْ حَقِّهِ شُغُلُ - هِشَامُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ، أَبُو الْمُنْذِرِ الْكَلْبِيُّ. صَاحِبُ سَمَرٍ وَنَسَبٍ، حَدَّثَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، رَوَى عَنْهُ ابْنُهُ، وَخَلِيفَةُ بْنُ خَيَّاطٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَهُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ، قَدِمَ بَغْدَادَ، وَحَدَّثَ بِهَا. وَكَانَ أَحْمَدُ يَقُولُ: وَمَنْ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْهُ إِنَّمَا هُوَ صَاحِبُ سَمَرٍ وَنَسَبٍ، مَا ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ أَحَدًا حَدَّثَنِي عَنْهُ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي السُّرَى: قَالَ لِي هِشَامٌ الْكَلْبِيُّ: حَفِظْتُ مَا لَمْ يَحْفَظْهُ أَحَدٌ، وَنَسَبْتُ مَا لَمْ يَنْسُبْهُ أَحَدٌ، كَانَ لِي عَمٌّ يُعَاتِبُنِي عَلَى حِفْظِ الْقُرْآنِ، فَدَخَلْتُ بَيْتًا وَحَلَفْتُ أَنْ لَا أَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ حَتَّى أَحْفَظَ الْقُرْآنَ، فَحَفِظْتُهُ فِي ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ، وَنَظَرْتُ يَوْمًا فِي الْمِرْآةِ فَقَبَضْتُ عَلَى لِحْيَتِي لِآخُذَ مَا زَادَ عَلَى الْقَبْضَةِ، فَأَخَذْتُ مَا فَوْقَ الْقَبْضَةِ. تُوُفِّيَ هِشَامٌ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ سِتٍّ.

Translation

✧ Mention of the notables who died in this year 1119 - Ashhab b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Dāwūd b. Ibrāhīm, Abū ʿUmar al-ʿĀmirī. He was born in the year 140 AH, and he was one of the jurists of Egypt and among its men of considered opinion. He died in Shaʿbān of this year. Muḥammad b. ʿĀṣim al-Mughāfirī said: I saw in a dream someone saying: O Muḥammad, so I answered him, and he said: Those who are gone, at whose parting one would say: Would that the lands with their people might split asunder. And Ashhab was ill, so I said: How I fear that Ashhab may die. And he died of that illness of his. 1120 - Buhlūl b. Ḥassān b. Sinān, Abū al-Haytham al-Tanūkhī. From the people of al-Anbār. He heard [ḥadīth] in Baghdad, al-Baṣra, al-Kūfa, Makkah, and al-Madīna. He related from Shaybān b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, Warqāʾ b. ʿUmar, al-Faraj b. Faḍāla, Ismāʿīl b. ʿAyyāsh, Saʿīd b. Abī ʿArūba, Shuʿba, Ḥammād b. Salama, Hushaym, and others. He also related from Mālik and Ibn ʿUyayna. On the authority of Aḥmad b. Yūsuf al-Azraq, who said: My uncle al-Buhlūl b. Isḥāq b. al-Buhlūl informed me, saying: My grandfather al-Buhlūl b. Ḥassān had sought out histories, language, poetry, the battle-days of the people, exegesis, and biographical accounts, and he amassed much of that. Then he turned to asceticism until he died at al-Anbār in the year 204 AH. 1121 - Al-Ḥasan b. Ziyād, Abū ʿAlī al-Luʾluʾī. One of the companions of Abū Ḥanīfa. He related from him, and from him related Ibn Samāʿa and Muḥammad b. Shujāʿ al-Balkhī. He was appointed judge after Ḥafṣ b. Ghiyāth. When two litigants came to him, he did not know how to judge; and when they went away, he knew the ruling. He was not granted success in judging. He was reported to have little religiousness. Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn said: He is a wicked liar. Abū Thawr said: I have not seen anyone more lying than him. Al-Dāraquṭnī said: Abandoned [in ḥadīth]. He died in this year. 1122 - Sulaymān b. Dāwūd b. al-Jārūd, [Abū al-Walīd al-Ṭayālisī, client of Quraysh. His origin was Persian. He settled in al-Baṣra. He related from Shuʿba, al-Thawrī, and many others. From him related Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī, and a group. He was a memorizer, prolific, and reliable. They wrote down from him forty thousand ḥadīths, while he had no book with him. He said: Abū Dāwūd al-Ṭayālisī was a Baṣran, trustworthy, and of great memorization. He and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Mahdī had drunk balādhur [a cashew-like drug], and Abū Dāwūd became leprous and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān developed vitiligo. Abū Dāwūd memorized forty thousand ḥadīths, and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān memorized ten thousand ḥadīths. Abū Dāwūd died in Ṣafar of this year, and it is said in Rabīʿ al-Awwal, at the age of seventy-two. It is also said: in the year 203. 1123 - Lahīʿa b. ʿĪsā b. Lahīʿa, Abū ʿUqba al-Ḥaḍramī. He related from his paternal uncle ʿAbd Allāh b. Lahīʿa, and he was judge of Egypt. He died in Dhū al-Qaʿda of this year. 1124 - Muḥammad b. ʿUbayd b. Abī Umayya — whose name was ʿAbd al-Raḥmān — and Muḥammad was given the kunya Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Iyādī al-Ṭanāfisī al-Kūfī. He was born in the year 127 AH. He heard from Hishām b. ʿUrwa, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq, al-Aʿmash, and others. He resided in Baghdad for a long time, then returned to al-Kūfa and died there in this year. It is also said: in the year 205, and it is said: in the year 203. [From him related Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, Ibn Maʿīn, Ibn Rāhwayh, and many others.] On the authority of Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Ghālib, who said: I heard Abū al-Ḥasan al-Dāraquṭnī say: Yaʿlā, Muḥammad, ʿUmar, Idrīs, and Ibrāhīm, the sons of ʿUbayd, are all trustworthy, and Ibrāhīm is trustworthy [and their father is trustworthy]. 1125 - The Imam Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Idrīs b. al-ʿAbbās b. ʿUthmān b. Shāfiʿ b. al-Sāʾib b. ʿUbayd b. ʿAbd Yazīd b. Hāshim b. al-Muṭṭalib b. ʿAbd Manāf b. Quṣayy b. Kilāb b. Murra b. Kaʿb b. Luʾayy b. Ghālib, Abū ʿAbd Allāh. On the authority of [Aḥmad b. ʿAlī] al-Khaṭīb, who said: I heard the judge Abū al-Ṭayyib al-Ṭabarī say: Shāfiʿ b. al-Sāʾib, to whom al-Shāfiʿī is attributed, met the Prophet ﷺ while he was a youth, and his father al-Sāʾib embraced Islam on the day of Badr, for he was the bearer of the banner of Banū Hāshim. He was taken captive and ransomed himself, then embraced Islam. It was said to him: Why did you not embrace Islam before being ransomed? He said: I would not deprive the believers of a meal they would have through me. The judge said: Some people of knowledge have described al-Shāfiʿī by lineage, saying: He is the full brother of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in his lineage, and his partner in his nobility. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not attain any purity in his birth or virtue in his forefathers but that he shared it with him until they diverged from ʿAbd Manāf. Al-Muṭṭalib married his son Hāshim to al-Shifāʾ bt. Hāshim b. ʿAbd Manāf, and she bore him ʿAbd Yazīd, the grandfather of al-Shāfiʿī. ʿAbd Yazīd used to be called "the pure, with no impurity in him." So al-Shāfiʿī was born of the two Hāshims: Hāshim b. al-Muṭṭalib and Hāshim b. ʿAbd Manāf. Al-Shāfiʿī is the paternal cousin of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the son of his paternal aunt, because al-Muṭṭalib is the paternal uncle of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and al-Shifāʾ bt. Hāshim is the sister of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, the paternal aunt of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. As for the mother of al-Shāfiʿī, she was an Azdī woman, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The Azd are the root of the Arabs." He was born in Ghazza in the lands of Syria, and it is said: in Yemen. He grew up in Makkah and studied knowledge there and in the City of the Messenger ﷺ. He had a light beard and dyed it with henna. He came to Baghdad twice and related ḥadīth there, where he was called Nāṣir al-Ḥadīth (Champion of Ḥadīth). He went to Egypt and resided there until his death. He heard from Mālik b. Anas, Ibrāhīm b. Saʿd, Sufyān b. ʿUyayna, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Darāwardī, Muslim b. Khālid al-Zinjī, and many others. From him related Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal and other notables. On the authority of Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Ḥakam, who said: Muḥammad b. Idrīs al-Shāfiʿī said to me: I was born in Ghazza in the year 150, and I was carried to Makkah when I was two years old. He said: And someone other than him informed me, on the authority of al-Shāfiʿī, who said: I had no wealth, and I sought knowledge in my youth. I would go to the government offices to ask for the blank backs (of used scrolls) and write on them. In another report from al-Shāfiʿī, he said: I memorized the Qurʾān when I was seven years old, and I memorized the Muwaṭṭaʾ when I was ten years old. I did not give legal opinions until I had memorized ten thousand ḥadīths. At the beginning of his career, al-Shāfiʿī recited the Qurʾān little because of his preoccupation with learning; then he increased his recitation at the end of his life. Al-Rabīʿ related from him that he used to complete a full recitation of the Qurʾān every night, and in Ramaḍān he completed sixty recitations. He had a beautiful voice; when people heard him recite, their weeping intensified. At the beginning he used to sleep a third of the night, pray a third of the night, and seek knowledge for a third of the night. Then he began to stay awake the whole night. He gave legal opinions at the age of fifteen. On the authority of Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Jārūd, who said: I heard al-Rabīʿ b. Sulaymān say: Al-Shāfiʿī gave legal opinions when he was fifteen years old, and he stayed awake at night until he died. Abū Bakr b. Badrān, known as Khālawayh, mentioned in his book "Faḍāʾil al-Shāfiʿī" from al-Rabīʿ that al-Shāfiʿī was with Mālik, and with him were Sufyān b. ʿUyayna and al-Zinjī, when two men came forward. One of them said: I am al-Rabīʿ al-Qumārī. I sold this man a turtledove, and I swore to him by divorce that it would never cease from cooing. After a while he came to me and said: It has fallen silent, so return my dirhams, for I have broken my oath. Mālik said: Your wife is irrevocably divorced from you. Al-Shāfiʿī passed by and said to the seller: Did you mean that it would never coo at all, and that its cooing would be more than its silence? He said: I knew that it sleeps, eats, and drinks; I only meant that its cooing would be more than its silence. He said: Your wife is returned to you. Then he informed Mālik, and Mālik said to al-Shāfiʿī: From where did you say this? He said: From the ḥadīth of Fāṭima bt. Qays. She said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: Muʿāwiya and Abū Jahm have proposed to me. He said: "Muʿāwiya is a pauper, and Abū Jahm does not put his staff down from his shoulder." But he did sleep and rest; his statement was made according to what is predominant. Mālik was amazed. Al-Zinjī said: Give legal opinions, for the time has come for you to do so. He was fifteen years old. Muḥammad b. Idrīs al-Shāfiʿī said in Makkah: Ask me whatever you wish, and I will inform you from the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Prophet ﷺ. A man said to him: What do you say about a pilgrim in iḥrām who kills a hornet? He said: Allah, exalted be He, said: "And whatever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatever he forbids you, abstain from it." On the authority of Ḥudhayfa, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Follow the two after me: Abū Bakr and ʿUmar." On the authority of ʿUmar, that he ordered the killing of the hornet. On the authority of al-Rabīʿ b. Sulaymān, who said: I heard al-Shāfiʿī say: The hardest of deeds are three: generosity in poverty, piety in seclusion, and a word of truth before one who is hoped and feared. On the authority of al-Rabīʿ, who said: I heard al-Shāfiʿī say: I would love for people to learn from me without anything being attributed to me. And I heard him say: Seeking knowledge is superior to voluntary prayer. In another report from him: I have never debated anyone but that I loved for him to be right and guided, and I never debated anyone except that I did not care whether Allah made the truth manifest on my tongue or on his. On the authority of al-Muzanī, who said: I heard al-Shāfiʿī say: Whoever learns the Qurʾān, his worth becomes great; whoever studies jurisprudence, his rank becomes noble; whoever learns language, his character becomes refined; whoever learns arithmetic, his judgment becomes sound; whoever writes down ḥadīth, his proof becomes strong; and whoever does not guard himself, his knowledge does not benefit him. On the authority of al-Muzanī, who said: I entered upon al-Shāfiʿī during the illness of which he died, and I said: How are you this morning? He said: This morning I am departing from this world, parting from my brothers, drinking the cup of death, meeting my evil deeds, and coming to Allah, exalted be He. I do not know whether my soul will go to Paradise and I should congratulate it, or to the Fire and I should console it. Then he wept and began to recite: When my heart hardened and my paths grew narrow, I made my hope for Your pardon a ladder. My sin seemed great to me, but when I compared it with Your pardon, my Lord, Your pardon was greater. You have always been one who pardons sin, and You never cease to bestow and pardon out of grace and generosity. On the authority of al-Rabīʿ, who said: Al-Shāfiʿī died on the night of Friday after the last evening prayer, on the last day of Rajab. We buried him on Friday, and when we dispersed we saw the crescent of Shaʿbān. Al-Rabīʿ b. Sulaymān said: I saw al-Shāfiʿī in a dream after his death, and I said: O Abū ʿAbd Allāh, what has Allah done with you? He said: He seated me on a chair of gold and scattered over me fresh pearls. On the authority of Abū Bayān al-Aṣfahānī, who said: I saw the Prophet ﷺ in a dream, and I said: O Messenger of Allah, Muḥammad b. Idrīs al-Shāfiʿī, your paternal cousin, have you benefited him with anything? Or singled him out for anything? He said: Yes, I asked Allah, exalted be He, not to call him to account. I said: By what means, O Messenger of Allah? He said: He used to invoke blessings upon me with an invocation the like of which no one else has invoked. I said: What is that invocation? He said: He used to say: O Allah, bless Muḥammad whenever the mindful ones remember him, and bless Muḥammad whenever the heedless ones are heedless of him. Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal was profuse in his praise of al-Shāfiʿī. Abū Saʿīd al-Qarmānī said: Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal said: Indeed, Allah raises up for the people at the head of every hundred years someone who teaches them the Sunnahs and repels lies from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. So we looked, and in the first hundred there was ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, and at the head of the second hundred al-Shāfiʿī. In another report from Aḥmad, he said: For thirty years I have not spent a night except that I supplicate for al-Shāfiʿī and seek forgiveness for him. His son ʿAbd Allāh said to him: Father, what kind of man was al-Shāfiʿī? For I hear you supplicating for him a great deal. He said: My son, he was like the sun for the world, and like well-being for the people. Consider whether there is any successor or substitute for these two. Aḥmad said to Isḥāq b. Rāhwayh: Come, so that I may take you to someone the like of whom your eyes have never seen. So he took him to al-Shāfiʿī. Ṣāliḥ b. Aḥmad said: My father walked alongside al-Shāfiʿī's mule. Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn sent word to him: Are you not content except to walk beside his mule? He said: O Abū Zakariyyā, if I had walked on the other side, it would have been more beneficial for you. Abū Dāwūd said: I have not seen Aḥmad incline to anyone as he inclined to al-Shāfiʿī. The advice of al-Shāfiʿī to the tutor of al-Rashīd's children, on the authority of Nahshal b. Kathīr, from his father, who said: Al-Shāfiʿī entered one day into one of the chambers of Hārūn al-Rashīd, having asked permission to see him. The servant seated him near Abū ʿAbd al-Ṣamad, the tutor of al-Rashīd's children. He said to him: O Abū ʿAbd Allāh, these are the children of the Commander of the Faithful, and this is their tutor. Would you advise him? So he turned to Abū ʿAbd al-Ṣamad and said: Let the first thing you begin with in reforming the children of the Commander of the Faithful be reforming yourself, for their eyes are fixed on your eye. What is good in their view is what you deem good, and what is ugly in their view is what you deem ugly. Teach them the Book of Allah, but do not force them to it lest they grow weary of it, and do not leave them lest they abandon it. Then add to them the most chaste poetry and the most noble ḥadīth. Do not move them from one branch of knowledge to another until they have mastered it, for crowding words into the ear blocks understanding. Between al-Shāfiʿī, al-Rashīd, and Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan: Ibn Abī Ḥātim related with his chain from al-Shāfiʿī that he was appointed judge of Najrān in the land of Yemen. Then they banded together against him and slandered him to al-Rashīd Hārūn, saying that he sought the caliphate. He was carried on a mule in shackles to Baghdad, which he entered in the year 184 AH, at the age of thirty. He met with al-Rashīd, and he and Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan debated in his presence. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan spoke well of him, and it became clear to al-Rashīd that he was innocent of what had been attributed to him. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan lodged him at his place. And Abū Yūsuf had died one year before that, and it is said: two years before. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan honored him, and al-Shāfiʿī wrote down from him a camel-load. Then al-Rashīd granted him two thousand dinars, and it is said: five thousand dinars. Al-Shāfiʿī returned to Makkah and distributed most of what he had obtained among his family and his relatives from his paternal cousins. Then al-Shāfiʿī returned to Baghdad in the year 195 AH. This time a group of scholars met with him, among them Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, Abū Thawr, al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī al-Karābīsī, al-Ḥārith b. Surayj al-Naqqāl, Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Shāfiʿī, al-Zaʿfarānī, and others. Then he returned to Makkah. He also returned to Baghdad in the year 198 AH. Then he moved from it to Egypt and resided there until he died in this year, the year 204 AH, as will follow. He composed there his book "al-Umm," which is one of his new books, because it is from the transmission of al-Rabīʿ b. Sulaymān, who is Egyptian. Imam al-Ḥaramayn and others claimed that it is among the old books. This is far-fetched and strange from the like of him, and God knows best. More than one of the major imams praised al-Shāfiʿī, among them ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Mahdī, who asked him to write for him a book on legal theory, so he wrote for him "al-Risālah," and he used to supplicate for him constantly in prayer. The scholars' praise of him and some of his merits ؓ. Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn said about al-Shāfiʿī: "He is truthful, there is no harm in him." He said once: "If lying were absolutely permissible for him, his sense of honor would prevent him from lying." Ibn Abī Ḥātim said: "I heard my father say: al-Shāfiʿī is a jurist of sound body and truthful tongue." Some have related from Abū Zurʿah that he said: "There is no hadith in al-Shāfiʿī's possession in which he erred." Something similar was related from Abū Dāwūd. The Imam of Imams Muḥammad b. Isḥāq b. Khuzaymah, when asked: "Is there any sunnah that did not reach al-Shāfiʿī?" said: "No." The meaning of this is that sometimes it reached him with its chain of transmission, sometimes as mursal, and sometimes as munqaṭiʿ, as is found in his books, and God knows best. Ḥarmalah said: "I heard al-Shāfiʿī say: I was called in Baghdad 'Nāṣir al-Sunnah' (Supporter of the Sunnah)." Abū Thawr said: "We have not seen the like of al-Shāfiʿī, nor has he seen the like of himself." Al-Zaʿfarānī and others said the same. Dāwūd b. ʿAlī al-Ẓāhirī said in a book he compiled on the virtues of al-Shāfiʿī: "Al-Shāfiʿī has virtues that have not been combined for anyone else: nobility of lineage, soundness of his religion and creed, generosity of spirit, knowledge of the soundness and weakness of hadith and its abrogating and abrogated, his memorization of the Book and the Sunnah and the biographies of the caliphs, excellence in authorship, and quality of companions and students, such as Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal in his asceticism and piety and his adherence to the Sunnah." Then he listed the notables of his companions from Baghdad and Egypt. Likewise, Abū Dāwūd counted Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal among his students in jurisprudence. He, may God have mercy on him, was among the most knowledgeable people of the meanings of the Qur'an and the Sunnah, and the most skilled at extracting evidence from them. He was among the purest in intention and sincerity. He used to say: "I wish that people learned this knowledge and nothing of it was ever attributed to me, so that I would be rewarded for it and they would not praise me." More than one has related from him: "When a hadith from the Messenger of God ﷺ is authentic in your view, then speak according to it and abandon my saying, for I say it too, even if you have not heard it from me." In another transmission: "then do not follow me blindly." In another transmission: "then do not pay attention to my saying." In another transmission: "then strike my saying against the wall, for I have no saying alongside the Messenger of God ﷺ." He said: "For a servant to meet God with every sin except associating partners with God is better for him than to meet Him with any of the whims (ahwāʾ)." In another transmission: "better for him than to meet Him with the science of kalām." He said: "If people knew what is in the science of kalām of whims, they would flee from it as they flee from a lion." He also said: "My ruling concerning the people of kalām is that they should be beaten with palm branches, paraded around the tribes, and it should be announced about them: this is the recompense of one who abandoned the Book and the Sunnah and turned to the science of kalām." Al-Buwayṭī said: "I heard al-Shāfiʿī say: Adhere to the people of hadith, for they are the most correct of people." He used to say: "When you see a man from the people of hadith, it is as if you have seen a man from the Companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ. May God reward them well; they preserved for us the foundation, so they have virtue over us." Among his poetry on this meaning is his saying: Every science other than the Qur'an is a distraction except hadith and except jurisprudence in the religion Knowledge is that in which it is said 'he narrated to us' and what is other than that is the whispering of devils He used to say: "The Qur'an is the speech of God, uncreated, and whoever says it is created is an unbeliever." Al-Rabīʿ and more than one of his leading companions related from him what indicates that he passed the verses and hadiths of the divine attributes as they came, without asking how, without likening, without negating, and without distorting, upon the way of the Salaf. Ibn Khuzaymah said: "Al-Muzanī recited to me, saying: al-Shāfiʿī recited to us his own verse: Whatever You willed came to be, even if I did not will and whatever I willed, if You did not will, did not come to be You created the servants upon what You knew so in the knowledge the young and the old proceed Among them are wretched and among them are blessed and among them are ugly and among them are beautiful Upon this You bestowed favor and this You abandoned and this You aided and this You did not aid Al-Rabīʿ said: "I heard al-Shāfiʿī say: The best of people after the Messenger of God ﷺ are Abū Bakr, then ʿUmar, then ʿUthmān, then ʿAlī." From al-Rabīʿ, who said: "Al-Shāfiʿī recited to me: People have deviated until they introduced innovations in the religion by opinion that the messengers were not sent with Until most of them made light of the right of God and in that which they were made to carry of His right there is occupation - Hishām b. Muḥammad b. al-Sāʾib b. Bishr, Abū al-Mundhir al-Kalbī. Companion of evening tales and genealogy. He narrated from his father. From him narrated his son, Khalīfah b. Khayyāṭ, and Muḥammad b. Saʿd. He was from the people of Kufa. He came to Baghdad and narrated there. Aḥmad used to say: "Whoever narrates from him, he is only a companion of evening tales and genealogy. I did not think that anyone would narrate to me from him." Muḥammad b. Abī al-Sarī said: "Hishām al-Kalbī said to me: I memorized what no one memorized, and I traced genealogies as no one did. I had a paternal uncle who reproached me for memorizing the Qur'an, so I entered a house and swore that I would not leave it until I memorized the Qur'an. I memorized it in three days. One day I looked in the mirror and grabbed my beard to remove what exceeded a fistful, but I removed what was above the fistful." Hishām died in this year. It is said: in the year 206 AH.

Grades by grader

No grade is recorded for this wording.