Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2849
Then the year 151 AH began
ذِكْرُ عَزْلِ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ عَنِ السِّنْدِ وَوِلَايَةِ هِشَامِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَفِيهَا عَزَلَ الْمَنْصُورُ عُمَرَ بْنَ حَفْصِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ أَبِي صُفْرَةَ الْمَعْرُوفَ بِهَزَارْمَرْدَ، يَعْنِي أَلْفَ رَجُلٍ، عَنِ السِّنْدِ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهَا هِشَامَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو التَّغْلِبِيَّ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عُمَرَ بْنَ حَفْصٍ عَلَى إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ. وَكَانَ سَبَبُ عَزْلِهِ عَنِ السِّنْدِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ عَلَيْهَا لَمَّا ظَهَرَ مُحَمَّدُ وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ ابْنَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ، فَوَجَّهَ مُحَمَّدُ ابْنَهُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ الْمَعْرُوفَ بِالْأَشْتَرِ إِلَى الْبَصْرَةِ، فَاشْتَرَى مِنْهَا خَيْلًا عِتَاقًا لِيَكُونَ سَبَبَ وُصُولِهِمْ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ، لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ فِيمَنْ بَايَعَهُ مِنْ قُوَّادِ الْمَنْصُورِ، وَكَانَ يَتَشَيَّعُ. وَسَارُوا فِي الْبَحْرِ إِلَى السِّنْدِ، فَأَمَرَهُمْ عُمَرُ أَنْ يُحْضِرُوا خَيْلَهُمْ، فَقَالَ لَهُ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّا جِئْنَاكَ بِمَا هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْخَيْلِ وَبِمَا لَكَ فِيهِ خَيْرُ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ فَأَعْطِنَا الْأَمَانَ إِمَّا قَبِلْتَ مِنَّا وَإِمَّا سَتَرْتَ وَأَمْسَكْتَ عَنْ إِيذَائِنَا حَتَّى نَخْرُجَ عَنْ بِلَادِكَ رَاجِعِينَ. فَآمَنُهُ. فَذَكَرَ لَهُ حَالَهُمْ وَحَالَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَرْسَلَهُ أَبُوهُ إِلَيْهِ، فَرَحَّبَ بِهِمْ وَبَايَعَهُمْ وَأَنْزَلَ الْأَشْتَرَ عِنْدَهُ مُخْتَفِيًا، وَدَعَا كُبَرَاءَ أَهْلِ الْبَلَدِ وَقُوَّادَهُ وَأَهْلَ بَيْتِهِ إِلَى الْبَيْعَةِ، فَأَجَابُوهُ، فَقَطَعَ أَلْوِيَتَهُمُ الْبِيضَ، وَهَيَّأَ لُبْسَهُ مِنَ الْبَيَاضِ لِيَخْطُبَ فِيهِ وَتَهَيَّأَ لِذَلِكَ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ. فَوَصَلَهُ مَرْكَبٌ لَطِيفٌ فِيهِ رَسُولٌ مِنِ امْرَأَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ تُخْبِرُهُ بِقَتْلِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَى الْأَشْتَرِ فَأَخْبَرَهُ وَعَزَّاهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْأَشْتَرُ: إِنَّ أَمْرِي قَدْ ظَهَرَ وَدَمِي فِي عُنُقِكَ. قَالَ عُمَرُ: قَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَأْيًا، هَاهُنَا مَلِكٌ مِنْ مُلُوكِ السِّنْدِ عَظِيمُ الشَّأْنِ كَثِيرُ الْمَمْلَكَةِ، وَهُوَ عَلَى شَوْكَةٍ، أَشَدُّ النَّاسِ تَعْظِيمًا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ وَفِيٌّ، أَرْسِلْ إِلَيْهِ فَاعْقِدْ بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُ عَقْدًا، فَأُوَجِّهُكَ إِلَيْهِ فَلَسْتَ تُرَامُ مَعَهُ. فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، وَسَارَ إِلَيْهِ الْأَشْتَرُ، فَأَكْرَمَهُ وَأَظْهَرَ بِرَّهُ، وَتَسَلَّلَتْ إِلَيْهِ الزَّيْدِيَّةُ حَتَّى اجْتَمَعَ مَعَهُ أَرْبَعُمِائَةِ إِنْسَانٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَصَائِرِ، فَكَانَ يَرْكَبُ فِيهِمْ وَيَتَصَيَّدُ فِي هَيْئَةِ الْمُلُوكِ وَآلَاتِهِمْ. فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى [ ذَلِكَ ] إِلَى الْمَنْصُورِ بَلَغَ مِنْهُ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ يُخْبِرُهُ مَا بَلَغَهُ، فَقَرَأَ الْكِتَابَ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ وَقَالَ لَهُمْ: إِنْ أَقْرَرْتُ بِالْقِصَّةِ عَزَلَنِي، وَإِنْ صِرْتُ إِلَيْهِ قَتَلَنِي، وَإِنِ امْتَنَعْتُ حَارَبَنِي. فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ: أَلْقِ الذَّنْبَ عَلَيَّ وَخُذْنِي وَقَيِّدْنِي، فَإِنَّهُ سَيَكْتُبُ فِي حَمْلِي إِلَيْهِ، فَاحْمِلْنِي فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَقْدَمُ عَلَيَّ لِمَكَانِكَ فِي السِّنْدِ وَحَالِ أَهْلِ بَيْتِكَ بِالْبَصْرَةِ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: أَخَافُ عَلَيْكَ خِلَافَ مَا تَظُنُّ. قَالَ: إِنْ قُتِلْتُ فَنَفْسِي فِدًا لِنَفْسِكَ. فَقَيَّدَهُ وَحَبَسَهُ وَكَتَبَ إِلَى الْمَنْصُورِ بِأَمْرِهِ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَنْصُورُ يَأْمُرُهُ بِحَمْلِهِ، فَلَمَّا صَارَ إِلَيْهِ ضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ. ثُمَّ اسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَى السِّنْدِ هِشَامَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو التَّغْلِبِيَّ، وَكَانَ سَبَبُ اسْتِعْمَالِهِ أَنَّ الْمَنْصُورَ كَانَ تَفَكَّرَ فِيمَنْ يُوَلِّيهِ السِّنْدَ، فَبَيْنَا هُوَ رَاكِبٌ وَالْمَنْصُورُ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ إِذْ غَابَ يَسِيرًا ثُمَّ عَادَ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ عَلَى الْمَنْصُورِ، فَأَدْخَلَهُ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي لَمَّا انْصَرَفْتُ مِنَ الْمَوْكِبِ لَقِيَتْنِي أُخْتِي فُلَانَةُ، فَرَأَيْتُ مِنْ جِمَالِهَا وَعَقْلِهَا وَدِينِهَا مَا رَضِيتُهَا لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. فَأَطْرَقَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: اخْرُجْ يَأْتِكَ أَمْرِي. فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ قَالَ الْمَنْصُورُ لِحَاجِبِهِ الرَّبِيعِ: لَوْلَا قَوْلُ جَرِيرٍ: لَا تَطْلُبَنَّ خَئُولَةً فِي تَغْلِبٍ فَالزِّنْجُ أَكْرَمُ مِنْهُمْ أَخْوَالَا لَتَزَوَّجْتُ إِلَيْهِ، قُلْ لَهُ: لَوْ كَانَ لَنَا حَاجَةٌ فِي النِّكَاحِ لَقَبِلْتُ، فَجَزَاكَ اللَّهُ خَيْرًا، وَقَدْ وَلَّيْتُكَ السِّنْدَ. فَتَجَهَّزْ إِلَيْهَا، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُكَاتِبَ ذَلِكَ الْمَلِكَ بِتَسْلِيمِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَإِنْ سَلَّمَهُ وَإِلَّا حَارِبْهُ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ بِوِلَايَتِهِ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ. فَسَارَ هِشَامٌ إِلَى السِّنْدِ فَمَلَكَهَا، وَسَارَ عُمَرُ إِلَى إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ فَوَلِيَهَا. فَلَمَّا صَارَ هِشَامٌ بِالسِّنْدِ كَرِهَ أَخْذَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَشْتَرِ، وَأَقْبَلَ يُرِي النَّاسَ أَنَّهُ يُكَاتِبُ ذَلِكَ الْمَلِكَ، وَاتَّصَلَتِ الْأَخْبَارُ بِالْمَنْصُورِ بِذَلِكَ، فَجَعَلَ يَكْتُبُ إِلَيْهِ يَسْتَحِثُّهُ، فَبَيْنَا هُوَ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ خَرَجَتْ خَارِجَةٌ بِبِلَادِ السِّنْدِ، فَوَجَّهَ هِشَامٌ أَخَاهُ سَفَنَّجًا، فَخَرَجَ فِي جَيْشِهِ وَطَرِيقُهُ بِجَنَبَاتِ ذَلِكَ الْمَلِكِ. فَبَيْنَا هُوَ يَسِيرُ إِذَا غُبْرَةٌ قَدِ ارْتَفَعَتْ، فَظَنَّ أَنَّهُمْ مُقَدِّمَةُ الْعَدُوِّ الَّذِي يَقْصِدُهُ، فَوَجَّهَ طَلَائِعَهُ، فَزَحَفَتْ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالُوا: هَذَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَلَوِيُّ يَتَنَزَّهُ عَلَى شَاطِئِ مِهْرَانَ. فَمَضَى يُرِيدُهُ، فَقَالَ نُصَحَاؤُهُ: هَذَا ابْنُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَدْ تَرَكَهُ أَخُوكَ مُتَعَمِّدًا مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَبُوءَ بِدَمِهِ، فَلَمْ يَقْصِدْهُ، فَقَالَ: مَا كُنْتُ لِأَدَعَ أَخْذَهُ، وَلَا أَدَعُ أَحَدًا يَحْظَى بِأَخْذِهِ أَوْ قَتْلِهِ عِنْدَ الْمَنْصُورِ. وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فِي عَشَرَةٍ، فَقَصَدَهُ فَقَاتَلَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، وَقَاتَلَ أَصْحَابُهُ حَتَّى قُتِلَ وَقُتِلُوا جَمِيعًا، فَلَمْ يُفْلِتْ مِنْهُمْ مُخْبِرٌ، وَسَقَطَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بَيْنَ الْقَتْلَى فَلَمْ يُشْعَرْ بِهِ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ أَصْحَابَهُ قَذَفُوهُ فِي مِهْرَانَ حَتَّى لَا يُحْمَلَ رَأْسُهُ، فَكَتَبَ هِشَامٌ بِذَلِكَ إِلَى الْمَنْصُورِ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَنْصُورُ يَشْكُرُهُ وَيَأْمُرُهُ بِمُحَارَبَةِ ذَلِكَ الْمَلِكِ، فَحَارَبَهُ حَتَّى ظَفِرَ بِهِ وَقَتَلَهُ وَغَلَبَ عَلَى مَمْلَكَتِهِ. وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ قَدِ اتَّخَذَ سَرَارِيَّ فَأَوْلَدَ وَاحِدَةً مِنْهُنَّ وَلَدًا، وَهُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي يُقَالُ لَهُ ابْنُ الْأَشْتَرِ، فَأَخَذَ هِشَامٌ السَّرَارِيَّ وَالْوَلَدَ مَعَهُنَّ فَسَيَّرَهَنُ إِلَى الْمَنْصُورِ، فَسَيَّرَ الْمَنْصُورُ الْوَلَدَ إِلَى عَامِلِهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَكَتَبَ مَعَهُ بِصِحَّةِ نَسَبِهِ وَتَسْلِيمِهِ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the dismissal of ʿUmar b. Ḥafṣ from al-Sind and the appointment of Hishām b. ʿAmr In this year al-Manṣūr dismissed ʿUmar b. Ḥafṣ b. ʿUthmān b. Qabīṣa b. Abī Ṣufra, known as Hazārmard, meaning "a thousand men," from al-Sind, and appointed over it Hishām b. ʿAmr al-Taghlibī, and appointed ʿUmar b. Ḥafṣ over Ifrīqiya. The reason for his dismissal from al-Sind was that he was its governor when Muḥammad and Ibrāhīm, the two sons of ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Ḥasan, rose up. Muḥammad sent his son ʿAbd Allāh, known as al-Ashtar, to al-Baṣra, where he bought excellent horses so that they might be a means of reaching ʿUmar b. Ḥafṣ, for he was among those commanders of al-Manṣūr who had pledged allegiance to him and he held Shīʿī leanings. They traveled by sea to al-Sind. ʿUmar ordered them to present their horses. One of them said to him: "We have brought you what is better than horses, and what holds for you the good of this world and the hereafter. Grant us safe conduct—whether you accept from us, or conceal us and refrain from harming us until we leave your land returning." So he granted him safe conduct. Then he told him of their situation and of ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh, whom his father had sent to him. He welcomed them, pledged allegiance to them, lodged al-Ashtar with him in hiding, and summoned the notables of the town, his commanders, and his household to pledge allegiance. They answered him, so he cut their white banners and prepared white garments for himself to wear when he would deliver the sermon. He made ready for that on Thursday. Then a light vessel reached him with a messenger from the wife of ʿUmar b. Ḥafṣ, informing him of the killing of Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. He went in to al-Ashtar, told him, and consoled him. Al-Ashtar said to him: "My affair has become known, and my blood is on your neck." ʿUmar said: "I have had an idea. Here there is a king among the kings of al-Sind, great in standing, vast in dominion, and he is a man of power, the most honoring of people toward the Messenger of God ﷺ, and he is loyal. Send to him and make a pact between you and him, and I will send you to him, and with him you will not be assailed." So he did that, and al-Ashtar traveled to him. He honored him and showed him kindness, and the Zaydīs slipped away to him until four hundred men of insight gathered with him. He used to ride among them and hunt in the manner and equipage of kings. When this reached al-Manṣūr, it distressed him greatly. He wrote to ʿUmar b. Ḥafṣ telling him what had reached him. ʿUmar read the letter to his household and said to them: "If I admit the affair, he will dismiss me; if I go to him, he will kill me; and if I refuse, he will fight me." A man among them said to him: "Cast the blame on me, seize me, and shackle me. He will write to have me brought to him, so send me, for he will not proceed against me because of your position in al-Sind and the standing of your family in al-Baṣra." ʿUmar said: "I fear for you something other than what you suppose." The man said: "If I am killed, my life is a ransom for yours." So he shackled him, imprisoned him, and wrote to al-Manṣūr about his affair. Al-Manṣūr wrote back commanding him to send the man. When he came to him, he struck off his head. Then al-Manṣūr appointed over al-Sind Hishām b. ʿAmr al-Taghlibī. The reason for his appointment was that al-Manṣūr was thinking about whom to appoint over al-Sind. While he was riding and al-Manṣūr was watching him, he disappeared for a little while, then returned and asked permission to enter upon al-Manṣūr. He admitted him. He said: "When I left the procession, my sister so-and-so met me, and I saw in her beauty, intelligence, and religion what made me deem her fit for the Commander of the Faithful." Al-Manṣūr bowed his head, then said: "Go out; my command will come to you." When he left, al-Manṣūr said to his chamberlain al-Rabīʿ: "Were it not for the saying of Jarīr: Do not seek maternal uncles among Taghlib, for the Zanj are nobler than they as maternal uncles. I would have married into his family. Tell him: 'Had we any need of marriage, I would have accepted; may God reward you well. I have appointed you over al-Sind.'" "So prepare to go there." He commanded him to correspond with that king to hand over ʿAbd Allāh; if he handed him over, well and good, otherwise to fight him. And he wrote to ʿUmar b. Ḥafṣ appointing him over Ifrīqiya. Hishām traveled to al-Sind and took possession of it, and ʿUmar traveled to Ifrīqiya and governed it. When Hishām was in al-Sind, he disliked seizing ʿAbd Allāh al-Ashtar, and he began to show people that he was corresponding with that king. Reports of this kept reaching al-Manṣūr, and he kept writing to him urging him on. While this was going on, a Khārijite rebellion broke out in the land of al-Sind. Hishām sent his brother Safannaj, and he went out with his army; his route passed by the borders of that king's territory. While he was marching, a dust cloud rose. He thought they were the vanguard of the enemy he was heading toward, so he sent his scouts, and they advanced toward him. They said: "This is ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad the ʿAlawī, taking his leisure on the bank of the Mihrān." So he went toward him. His advisers said: "This is the son of the Messenger of God ﷺ. Your brother deliberately left him alone, fearing to bear responsibility for his blood." But he did not turn back. He said: "I will not fail to seize him, nor will I let anyone else gain favor with al-Manṣūr by seizing or killing him." ʿAbd Allāh was with ten men. He advanced upon him, and ʿAbd Allāh fought him, and his companions fought until he was killed and they were all killed. Not one of them escaped to bring news, and ʿAbd Allāh fell among the slain unnoticed. It is also said that his companions threw him into the Mihrān so that his head would not be carried off. Hishām wrote of this to al-Manṣūr, and al-Manṣūr wrote back thanking him and commanding him to fight that king. So he fought him until he overcame him, killed him, and took possession of his kingdom. ʿAbd Allāh had taken concubines, and one of them bore him a son, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh, called Ibn al-Ashtar. Hishām took the concubines and the child with them and sent them to al-Manṣūr. Al-Manṣūr sent the child to his governor in al-Madīna, and wrote with him confirming his lineage and delivering him to his family.
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