Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2747
Then the Year 139 AH Began
ذِكْرُ دُخُولِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ إِلَى الْأَنْدَلُسِ قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا فِي سَنَةِ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَتِسْعِينَ فَتْحَ الْأَنْدَلُسِ، وَعَزْلَ مُوسَى بْنِ نُصَيْرٍ عَنْهَا. فَلَمَّا عُزِلَ عَنْهَا وَسَارَ إِلَى الشَّامِ اسْتُخْلِفَ عَلَيْهَا ابْنُهُ عَبْدَ الْعَزِيزِ، وَضَبَطَهَا وَحَمَى ثُغُورَهَا، وَافْتَتَحَ فِي وِلَايَتِهِ مَدَائِنَ كَثِيرَةً، وَكَانَ خَيِّرًا فَاضِلًا، وَبَقِيَ أَمِيرًا إِلَى سَنَةِ سَبْعٍ وَتِسْعِينَ، وَقِيلَ: ثَمَانٍ وَتِسْعِينَ، فَقُتِلَ بِهَا. وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ سَبَبُ قَتْلِهِ. فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ بَقِيَ أَهْلُ الْأَنْدَلُسِ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ لَا يَجْمَعُهُمْ وَالٍ، ثُمَّ اتَّفَقُوا عَلَى أَيُّوبَ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ اللَّخْمِيِّ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ أُخْتِ مُوسَى بْنِ نُصَيْرٍ، فَكَانَ يُصَلِّي بِهِمْ لِصَلَاحِهِ، وَتَحَوَّلَ إِلَى قُرْطُبَةَ، وَجَعَلَهَا دَارَ إِمَارَةٍ فِي أَوَّلِ سَنَةِ تِسْعٍ وَتِسْعِينَ، وَقِيلَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ وَتِسْعِينَ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ اسْتَعْمَلَ بَعْدَهُ الْحُرَّ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الثَّقَفِيَّ، فَقَدِمَهَا سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ وَتِسْعِينَ، فَأَقَامَ وَالِيًا عَلَيْهَا سَنَتَيْنِ وَتِسْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ. فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْخِلَافَةَ اسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَى الْأَنْدَلُسِ السَّمْحَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ الْخَوْلَانِيَّ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُمَيِّزَ أَرْضَهَا، وَيُخْرِجَ مِنْهَا مَا كَانَ عَنْوَةً وَيَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ الْخُمْسَ وَيَكْتُبَ إِلَيْهِ بِصِفَةِ الْأَنْدَلُسِ، وَكَانَ رَأْيُهُ إِقْفَالَ أَهْلِهَا مِنْهَا لِانْقِطَاعِهِمْ عَنِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. فَقَدِمَهَا السَّمْحُ سَنَةَ مِائَةٍ فِي رَمَضَانَ، وَفَعَلَ مَا أَمَرَهُ عُمَرُ، وَقُتِلَ عِنْدَ انْصِرَافِهِ مِنْ دَارِ الْحَرْبِ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَمِائَةٍ، وَكَانَ قَدْ بَدَا لِعُمَرَ فِي نَقْلِ أَهْلِهَا عَنْهَا وَتَرْكِهِمْ، وَدَعَا لِأَهْلِهَا. ثُمَّ وَلِيَهَا بَعْدَ السَّمْحِ عَنْبَسَةُ بْنُ سُحَيْمٍ الْكَلْبِيُّ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَمِائَةٍ، وَتُوُفِّيَ فِي شَعْبَانَ سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ وَمِائَةٍ عِنْدَ انْصِرَافِهِ مِنْ غَزْوَةِ الْإِفْرِنْجِ. ثُمَّ وَلِيَهَا بَعْدَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَلْمَى الْكَلْبِيُّ فِي ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ، فَبَقِيَ عَلَيْهَا وَالِيًا سَنَتَيْنِ وَسِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ. ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الْأَنْدَلُسَ حُذَيْفَةُ بْنُ الْأَبْرَصِ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ وَمِائَةٍ فَبَقِيَ وَالِيًا عَلَيْهَا سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ، ثُمَّ عُزِلَ. ثُمَّ وَلِيَهَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي نِسْعَةَ الْخَثْعَمِيُّ، فَقَدِمَهَا سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ وَمِائَةٍ، ( وَعُزِلَ آخِرَ سَنَةِ عَشْرٍ وَمِائَةٍ أَيْضًا، كَانَتْ وِلَايَتُهُ خَمْسَةَ أَشْهُرٍ. ثُمَّ وَلِيَهَا الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الْكِنَانِيُّ، فَقَدِمَهَا فِي الْمُحَرَّمِ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ وَمِائَةٍ )، فَأَقَامَ وَالِيًا عَلَيْهَا عَشَرَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَأَيَّامًا ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ، فَقَدَّمَ أَهْلُ الْأَنْدَلُسِ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَشْجَعِيَّ، وَكَانَتْ وِلَايَتُهُ شَهْرَيْنِ. وَوَلِيَ بَعْدَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْغَافِقِيُّ فِي صَفَرٍ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ وَمِائَةٍ، وَاسْتُشْهِدَ فِي أَرْضِ الْعَدُوِّ فِي رَمَضَانَ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ وَمِائَةٍ. ثُمَّ وَلِيَهَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ قَطَنٍ الْفِهْرِيُّ، فَأَقَامَ عَلَيْهَا سَنَتَيْنِ وَعُزِلَ. ثُمَّ وَلِيَهَا بَعْدَهُ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ السَّلُولِيُّ، دَخَلَهَا سَنَةَ سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ وَمِائَةٍ، فَوَلِيَهَا خَمْسَ سِنِينَ، وَثَارَ أَهْلُ الْأَنْدَلُسِ بِهِ فَخَلَعُوهُ فَوَلَّوْا بَعْدَهُ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ قَطَنٍ، وَهِيَ وِلَايَتُهُ الثَّانِيَةُ، ( وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ بَعْضُ مُؤَرِّخِي الْأَنْدَلُسِ أَنَّهُ تُوُفِّيَ فَوَلَّى أَهْلُ الْأَنْدَلُسِ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ ). ثُمَّ وَلِيَهَا بَلْجُ بْنُ بشْرٍ الْقُشَيْرِيُّ، بَايَعَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ، فَهَرَبَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ وَلَحِقَ بِدَارِهِ، وَهَرَبَ ابْنَاهُ قَطَنٌ وَأُمَيَّةُ فَلَحِقَ أَحَدُهُمَا بِمَارِدَةَ وَالْآخَرُ بِسَرَقُسْطَةَ، ثُمَّ ثَارَتِ الْيَمَنُ عَلَى بَلْجٍ وَسَأَلُوهُ قَتْلَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ قَطَنٍ، فَلَمَّا خَشِيَ فَسَادَهُمْ أَمَرَ بِهِ فَقُتِلَ وَصُلِبَ، وَكَانَ عُمُرُهُ تِسْعِينَ سَنَةً. فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ابْنَيْهِ قَتْلُهُ حَشَدَا مِنْ مَارِدَةَ إِلَى أَرْبُونَةَ، فَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِمَا مِائَةُ أَلْفٍ، وَزَحَفُوا إِلَى بَلْجٍ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ بِقُرْطُبَةَ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ بَلْجٌ فَلَقِيَهُمْ فِيمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ بِقُرْبِ قُرْطُبَةَ فَهَزَمَهُمَا، وَرَجَعَ إِلَى قُرْطُبَةَ فَمَاتَ بَعْدَ أَيَّامٍ يَسِيرَةٍ. وَكَانَ سَبَبُ قُدُومِ بَلْجٍ الْأَنْدَلُسَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ مَعَ عَمِّهِ كُلْثُومِ بْنِ عِيَاضٍ فِي وَقْعَةِ الْبَرْبَرِ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُهَا، فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ عَمُّهُ سَارَ إِلَى الْأَنْدَلُسِ، فَأَجَازَهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ قَطَنٍ إِلَيْهَا، وَكَانَ سَبَبَ قَتْلِهِ. ثُمَّ وَلَّى أَهْلُ الشَّامِ عَلَى الْأَنْدَلُسِ مَكَانَهُ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنَ سَلَامَةَ الْعَامِلِيَّ فَأَقَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَدِمَ أَبُو الْخَطَّارِ وَالِيًا عَلَى الْأَنْدَلُسِ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ وَعِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، فَدَانَ لَهُ أَهْلُ الْأَنْدَلُسِ، وَأَقْبَلَ إِلَيْهِ ثَعْلَبَةُ، وَابْنُ أَبِي نِسْعَةَ، وَابْنَا عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، فَآمَنَهُمْ وَأَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَاسْتَقَامَ أَمْرُهُ، وَكَانَ شُجَاعًا ذَا رَأْيٍ وَكَرَمٍ. وَكَثُرَ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ عِنْدَهُ، فَلَمْ تَحْمِلْهُمْ قُرْطُبَةَ، فَفَرَّقَهُمْ فِي الْبِلَادِ، فَأَنْزَلَ أَهْلَ دِمَشْقَ إِلْبِيرَةَ لِشَبَهِهَا بِهَا وَسَمَّاهَا دِمَشْقَ، وَأَنْزَلَ أَهْلَ حِمْصَ إِشْبِيلِيَّةَ، وَسَمَّاهَا حِمْصَ، وَأَنْزَلَ أَهْلَ قِنَّسْرِينَ بَجَيَّانَ، وَسَمَّاهَا قِنَّسْرِينَ، وَأَنْزَلَ أَهْلَ الْأُرْدُنِّ بِرَيَّةَ وَسَمَّاهَا الْأُرْدُنَّ، وَأَنْزَلَ أَهْلَ فِلَسْطِينَ بِشَذُونَةَ وَسَمَّاهَا فِلَسْطِينَ. وَأَنْزَلَ أَهْلَ مِصْرَ بِتُدْمِيرَ وَسَمَّاهَا مِصْرَ لِشَبَهِهَا بِهَا، ثُمَّ تَعَصَّبَ الْيَمَانِيَّةُ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ سَبَبًا لَتَأَلُّبِ الصُّمَيْلِ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ عَلَيْهِ مَعَ مُضَرَ وَحَرْبِهِ وَخَلْعِهِ. وَقَامَتْ هَذِهِ الْفِتْنَةُ سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ. وَكَانَ الصُّمَيْلُ بْنُ حَاتِمِ بْنِ شَمِرِ بْنِ ذِي الْجَوْشَنِ قَدْ قَدِمَ الْأَنْدَلُسَ فِي أَمْدَادِ الشَّامِ، فَرَأَسَ بِهَا، فَأَرَادَ أَبُو الْخَطَّارِ أَنْ يَضَعَ مِنْهُ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ يَوْمًا وَعِنْدَهُ الْجُنْدُ فَشُتِمَ وَأُهِينَ، فَخَرَجَ وَعِمَامَتُهُ مَائِلَةٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ بَعْضُ الْحُجَّابِ: مَا بَالُ عِمَامَتِكَ مَائِلَةً ؟ فَقَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ لِي قَوْمٌ فَسَيُقِيمُونَهَا، وَبَعَثَ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَشَكَا إِلَيْهِمْ مَا لَقِيَ. فَقَالُوا: نَحْنُ لَكَ تَبَعٌ، وَكَتَبُوا إِلَى ثَوَابَةَ بْنِ سَلَامَةَ الْجُذَامِيِّ، وَهُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ فِلَسْطِينَ، فَوَفَدَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَجَابَهُمْ وَتَبِعَهُمْ لَخْمٌ وَجُذَامٌ. فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَبِي الْخَطَّارِ فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَقَاتَلُوهُ فَانْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُهُ وَأُسِرَ أَبُو الْخَطَّارِ، وَدَخَلَ ثَوَابَةُ قَصْرَ قُرْطُبَةَ وَأَبُو الْخَطَّارِ فِي قُيُودِهِ، فَوَلِيَ ثَوَابَةُ الْأَنْدَلُسَ سَنَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ، فَأَرَادَ أَهْلُ الْيَمَنِ إِعَادَةَ أَبِي الْخَطَّارِ، وَامْتَنَعَتْ مُضَرُ، وَرَأَسَهُمُ الصُّمَيْلُ، فَافْتَرَقَتِ الْكَلِمَةُ، فَأَقَامَتِ الْأَنْدَلُسُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ بِغَيْرِ أَمِيرٍ. ( وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ أَبْسَطَ مِنْ هَذَا سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ. فَلَمَّا بَقُوا بِغَيْرِ أَمِيرٍ ) قَدَّمُوا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ كَثِيرٍ اللَّخْمِيَّ لِلْأَحْكَامِ. فَلَمَّا تَفَاقَمَ الْأَمْرُ اتَّفَقَ رَأْيُهُمْ عَلَى يُوسُفَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ الْفِهْرِيِّ، فَوَلِيَهَا يُوسُفُ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، فَاسْتَقَرَّ الْأَمْرُ أَنْ يَلِيَ سَنَةً ثُمَّ يَرُدَّ الْأَمْرَ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ فَيُوَلُّوا مَنْ أَحَبُّوا مِنْ قَوْمِهِمْ. فَلَمَّا انْقَضَتِ السَّنَةُ أَقْبَلَ أَهْلُ الْيَمَنِ بِأَسْرِهِمْ يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُوَلُّوا رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ، فَبَيَّتَهُمْ الصُّمَيْلُ فَقَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ خَلْقًا كَثِيرًا، فَهِيَ وَقْعَةُ شَقُنْدَةَ الْمَشْهُورَةُ، وَفِيهَا قُتِلَ أَبُو الْخَطَّارِ وَاقْتَتَلُوا بِالرِّمَاحِ حَتَّى تَقَطَّعَتْ وَبِالسُّيُوفِ حَتَّى تَكَسَّرَتْ، ثُمَّ تَجَاذَبُوا بِالشُّعُورِ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثِينَ، وَاجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ عَلَى يُوسُفَ وَلَمْ يَعْتَرِضْهُ أَحَدٌ. ( وَقَدْ قِيلَ غَيْرُ مَا ذَكَرْنَا، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُهُ سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ ). ثُمَّ تَوَالَى الْقَحْطُ عَلَى الْأَنْدَلُسِ، وَجَلَا أَهْلُهَا عَنْهَا وَتَضَعْضَعَتْ إِلَى سَنَةِ سِتٍّ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، وَفِيهَا اجْتَمَعَ تَمِيمُ بْنُ مَعْبَدٍ الْفِهْرِيُّ، وَعَامِرٌ الْعَبْدَرِيُّ بِمَدِينَةِ سَرَقُسْطَةَ، وَحَارَبَهُمَا الصُّمَيْلُ، ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَيْهِمَا يُوسُفُ الْفِهْرِيُّ فَحَارَبَهُمَا فَقَتَلَهُمَا، وَبَقِيَ يُوسُفُ عَلَى الْأَنْدَلُسِ إِلَى أَنْ غَلَبَ عَلَيْهَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ هِشَامٍ. هَذَا مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ مِنْ وُلَاةِ الْأَنْدَلُسِ عَلَى الِاخْتِصَارِ، ( وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ أَبْسَطُ مِنْ هَذَا مُتَفَرِّقًا، وَإِنَّمَا أَوْرَدْنَاهُ هَاهُنَا مُتَتَابِعًا لِيَتَّصِلَ بَعْضُ أَخْبَارِ الْأَنْدَلُسِ بِبَعْضٍ لِأَنَّهَا وَرَدَتْ مُتَفَرِّقَةً ). وَنَرْجِعُ إِلَى ذِكْرِ عُبُورِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ هِشَامٍ إِلَيْهَا. وَأَمَّا سَبَبُ مَسِيرِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِلَى الْغَرْبِ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُحْكَى عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا ظَهَرَتِ الدَّوْلَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّةُ، وَقُتِلَ مِنْ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ مَنْ قُتِلَ وَمِنْ شِيعَتِهِمْ، فَرَّ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ نَجَا فِي الْأَرْضِ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ بِذَاتِ الزَّيْتُونِ، فَفَرَّ مِنْهَا إِلَى فِلَسْطِينَ، وَأَقَامَ هُوَ وَمَوْلَاهُ بَدْرٌ يَتَجَسَّسُ الْأَخْبَارَ. فَحُكِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا أُعْطِينَا الْأَمَانَ ثُمَّ نُكِثَ بِنَا بِنَهْرِ أَبِي فُطْرُسٍ، وَأُبِيحَتْ دِمَاؤُنَا أَتَانَا الْخَبَرُ، وَكُنْتُ مُنْتَبَذًا مِنَ النَّاسِ، فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى مَنْزِلِي آيِسًا، وَنَظَرْتُ فِيمَا يُصْلِحُنِي وَأَهْلِي، وَخَرَجْتُ خَائِفًا حَتَّى صِرْتُ إِلَى قَرْيَةٍ عَلَى الْفُرَاتِ ذَاتِ شَجَرٍ وَغِيَاضٍ، فَبَيْنَا أَنَا ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ بِهَا وَوَلَدِي سُلَيْمَانُ يَلْعَبُ بَيْنَ يَدَيَّ، وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ ابْنُ أَرْبَعِ سِنِينَ، خَرَجَ عَنِّي ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الصَّبِيُّ مِنْ بَابِ الْبَيْتِ بَاكِيًا فَزِعًا فَتَعَلَّقَ بِي، وَجَعَلْتُ أَدْفَعُهُ وَهُوَ يَتَعَلَّقُ بِي، فَخَرَجْتُ لِأَنْظُرَ وَإِذَا بِالْخَوْفِ قَدْ نَزَلَ بِالْقَرْيَةِ، وَإِذَا بِالرَّايَاتِ السُّودِ مُنْحَطَّةٌ عَلَيْهَا، وَأَخٌ لِي حَدِيثُ السِّنِّ يَقُولُ لِي: النَّجَاءَ النَّجَاءَ ! فَهَذِهِ رَايَاتُ الْمُسَوِّدَةِ !. فَأَخَذْتُ دَنَانِيرَ مَعِي وَنَجَوْتُ بِنَفْسِي وَأَخِي، وَأَعْلَمْتُ أَخَوَاتِي بِمُتَوَجَّهِي، فَأَمَرْتُهُنَّ أَنْ يُلْحِقْنَنِي مَوْلَايَ بَدْرًا، وَأَحَاطَتِ الْخَيْلُ بِالْقَرْيَةِ، فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا لِي أَثَرًا، فَأَتَيْتُ رَجُلًا مِنْ مَعَارِفِي وَأَمَرْتُهُ فَاشْتَرَى لِي دَوَابَّ وَمَا يُصْلِحُنِي، فَدَلَّ عَلَيَّ عَبْدٌ لَهُ الْعَامِلَ، فَأَقْبَلَ فِي خَيْلِهِ يَطْلُبُنِي، فَخَرَجْنَا عَلَى أَرْجُلِنَا هُرَّابًا وَالْخَيْلُ تُبْصِرُنَا، فَدَخَلْنَا فِي بَسَاتِينَ عَلَى الْفُرَاتِ، فَسَبَقْنَا الْخَيْلَ إِلَى الْفُرَاتِ فَسَبَحْنَا. فَأَمَّا أَنَا فَنَجَوْتُ، وَالْخَيْلُ يُنَادُونَنَا بِالْأَمَانِ وَلَا أَرْجِعُ. وَأَمَّا أَخِي فَإِنَّهُ عَجَزَ عَنِ السِّبَاحَةِ فِي نِصْفِ الْفُرَاتِ فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْأَمَانِ وَأَخَذُوهُ فَقَتَلُوهُ وَأَنَا أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، فَاحْتَمَلْتُ فِيهِ ثَكَلًا، وَمَضَيْتُ لِوَجْهِي، فَتَوَارَيْتُ فِي غَيْضَةٍ أَشِبَةٍ، حَتَّى انْقَطَعَ الطَّلَبُ عَنِّي، وَخَرَجْتُ فَقَصَدْتُ الْمَغْرِبَ فَبَلَغْتُ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ أُخْتَهُ أُمَّ الْأَصْبَغِ أَلْحَقَتْهُ بَدْرًا مَوْلَاهُ، وَمَعَهُ نَفَقَةٌ لَهُ وَجَوْهَرٌ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ لَجَّ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ الْفِهْرِيُّ، قِيلَ هُوَ وَالِدُ يُوسُفَ أَمِيرِ الْأَنْدَلُسِ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ عَامِلُ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ فِي طَلَبِهِ، وَاشْتَدَّ عَلَيْهِ، فَهَرَبَ مِنْهُ فَأَتَى مِكْنَاسَةَ، وَهُمْ قَبِيلٌ مِنَ الْبَرْبَرِ، فَلَقِيَ عِنْدَهُمْ شِدَّةً يَطُولُ ذِكْرُهَا، ثُمَّ هَرَبَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِمْ فَأَتَى نِفْزَاوَةَ، وَهُمْ أَخْوَالُهُ، وَبَدْرٌ مَعَهُ. وَقِيلَ: أَتَى قَوْمًا مِنَ الزَّنَاتِيِّينَ، فَأَحْسَنُوا قَبُولَهُ وَاطْمَأَنَّ فِيهِمْ، وَأَخَذَ فِي تَدْبِيرِ الْمُكَاتَبَةِ إِلَى الْأُمَوِيِّينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَنْدَلُسِ يُعْلِمُهُمْ بِقُدُومِهِ وَيَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ، وَوَجَّهَ بَدْرًا مَوْلَاهُ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَأَمِيرُ الْأَنْدَلُسِ حِينَئِذٍ يُوسُفُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْفِهْرِيُّ. فَسَارَ بَدْرٌ إِلَيْهِمْ وَأَعْلَمَهُمْ حَالَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَيْهِ، فَأَجَابُوهُ وَوَجَّهُوا لَهُ مَرْكَبًا فِيهِ ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ عَلْقَمَةَ، وَوَهْبُ بْنُ الْأَصْفَرِ، وَشَاكِرُ بْنُ أَبِي الْأَشْمَطِ، فَوَصَلُوا إِلَيْهِ وَأَبْلَغُوهُ طَاعَتَهُمْ لَهُ، وَأَخَذُوهُ وَرَجَعُوا إِلَى الْأَنْدَلُسِ، فَأَرْسَى فِي الْمُنَكَّبِ فِي شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، فَأَتَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ رُؤَسَائِهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ إِشْبِيلِيَّةَ، وَكَانَتْ أَيْضًا نُفُوسُ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ حَنِقَةً عَلَى الصُّمَيْلِ وَيُوسُفَ الْفِهْرِيِّ، فَأَتَوْهُ. ثُمَّ انْتَقَلَ إِلَى كُورَةِ رَيَّةَ فَبَايَعَهُ عَامِلُهَا عِيسَى بْنُ مُسَاوِرٍ. ثُمَّ أَتَى شَذُونَةَ فَبَايَعَهُ غِيَاثُ بْنُ عَلْقَمَةَ اللَّخْمِيُّ. ثُمَّ أَتَى مُوَرْوِرَ فَبَايَعَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ شَجَرَةَ عَامِلُهَا. ثُمَّ أَتَى إِشْبِيلِيَّةَ فَبَايَعَهُ أَبُو الصُّبَاحِ يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، وَنَهَدَ إِلَى قُرْطُبَةَ. فَبَلَغَ خَبَرُهُ إِلَى يُوسُفَ وَكَانَ غَائِبًا عَنْ قُرْطُبَةَ بِنَوَاحِي طُلَيْطُلَةَ، فَأَتَاهُ الْخَبَرُ وَهُوَ رَاجِعٌ إِلَى قُرْطُبَةَ، فَسَارَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ نَحْوَ قُرْطُبَةَ. فَلَمَّا أَتَى قُرْطُبَةَ تَرَاسَلَ هُوَ وَيُوسُفُ فِي الصُّلْحِ، فَخَادَعَهُ نَحْوَ يَوْمَيْنِ، أَحَدُهُمَا يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ، وَلَمْ يَشُكَّ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ يُوسُفَ أَنَّ الصُّلْحَ قَدْ أُبْرِمَ، وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى إِعْدَادِ الطَّعَامِ لِيَأْكُلَهُ النَّاسُ عَلَى السِّمَاطِ يَوْمَ الْأَضْحَى، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ مُرَتِّبٌ خَيْلَهُ وَرَجِلَهُ، وَعَبَرَ النَّهْرَ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ لَيْلًا، وَنَشِبَ الْقِتَالُ لَيْلَةَ الْأَضْحَى، وَصَبَرَ الْفَرِيقَانِ إِلَى أَنِ ارْتَفَعَ النَّهَارُ، وَرَكِبَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ عَلَى بَغْلٍ لِئَلَّا يَظُنَّ النَّاسُ أَنَّهُ يَهْرُبُ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ كَذَلِكَ سَكَنَتْ نُفُوسُهُمْ، وَأَسْرَعَ الْقَتْلُ فِي أَصْحَابِ يُوسُفَ وَانْهَزَمَ، وَبَقِيَ الصُّمَيْلُ يُقَاتِلُ مَعَ عِصَابَةٍ مِنْ عَشِيرَتِهِ، ثُمَّ انْهَزَمُوا، فَظَفِرَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَلَمَّا انْهَزَمَ يُوسُفُ ( أَتَى مَارِدَةَ، وَأَتَى عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ قُرْطُبَةَ فَأَخْرَجَ حَشَمَ يُوسُفَ ) مِنَ الْقَصْرِ عَلَى عَوْدَةٍ وَدَخَلَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ سَارَ فِي طَلَبِ يُوسُفَ، فَلَمَّا أَحَسَّ بِهِ يُوسُفُ خَالَفَهُ إِلَى قُرْطُبَةَ فَدَخَلَهَا وَمَلَكَ قَصْرَهَا، فَأَخَذَ جَمِيعَ أَهْلِهِ وَمَالِهِ وَلَحِقَ بِمَدِينَةِ إِلْبِيرَةَ، وَكَانَ الصُّمَيْلُ لَحِقَ بِمَدِينَةِ شَوْذَرَ. وَوَرَدَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ الْخَبَرُ فَرَجَعَ إِلَى قُرْطُبَةَ طَمَعًا فِي لَحَاقِهِ بِهَا، فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَجِدْهُ عَزَمَ عَلَى النُّهُوضِ إِلَيْهِ، ( فَسَارَ إِلَى إِلْبِيرَةَ، وَكَانَ الصُّمَيْلُ قَدْ لَحِقَ بِيُوسُفَ وَتَجَمَّعَ لَهُمَا هُنَاكَ جَمْعٌ )، فَتَرَاسَلُوا فِي الصُّلْحِ، فَاصْطَلَحُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَنْزِلَ يُوسُفُ بِأَمَانٍ هُوَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ، وَأَنْ يَسْكُنَ مَعَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بِقُرْطُبَةَ، وَرَهَنَهُ يُوسُفُ ابْنَيْهِ: أَبَا الْأَسْوَدِ مُحَمَّدًا، وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ. وَسَارَ يُوسُفُ مَعَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ قُرْطُبَةَ تَمَثَّلَ: فَبَيْنَا نَسُوسُ النَّاسَ وَالْأَمْرُ أَمْرُنَا إِذَا نَحْنُ فِيهِمْ سُوقَةٌ نَتَنَصَّفُ. وَاسْتَقَرَّ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بِقُرْطُبَةَ، وَبَنَى الْقَصْرَ وَالْمَسْجِدَ الْجَامِعَ، وَأَنْفَقَ فِيهِ ثَمَانِينَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ، وَمَاتَ قَبْلَ تَمَامِهِ، وَبَنَى مَسَاجِدَ الْجَمَاعَاتِ، وَوَافَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، وَكَانَ يَدْعُو لِلْمَنْصُورِ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ أَنَّ دُخُولَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ كَانَ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ، وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ، عَلَى مَا ذَكَرْنَا. وَهَذَا الْقَدْرُ كَافٍ فِي ذِكْرِ دُخُولِهِ الْأَنْدَلُسَ لِئَلَّا نَخْرُجَ عَنِ الَّذِي قَصَدْنَا لَهُ مِنْ الِاخْتِصَارِ.
Translation
✧ Mention of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muʿāwiyah's entry into al-Andalus We have already mentioned in the year ninety-two the conquest of al-Andalus and the removal of Mūsā b. Nuṣayr from it. When he was removed from it and went to Syria, his son ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz was appointed as his successor over it, and he controlled it, protected its frontiers, and conquered many cities during his governorship. He was good and virtuous, and remained as amir until the year ninety-seven, and it is said: ninety-eight, when he was killed there. The reason for his killing has already been mentioned. When he was killed, the people of al-Andalus remained for six months without a governor to unite them. Then they agreed upon Ayyūb b. Ḥabīb al-Lakhmī, who was the son of Mūsā b. Nuṣayr's sister. He led them in prayer because of his piety, and he moved to Cordoba and made it the seat of government at the beginning of the year ninety-nine, and it is said: the year ninety-eight. Then Sulaymān b. ʿAbd al-Malik appointed after him al-Ḥurr b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Thaqafī, who arrived there in the year ninety-eight and remained as its governor for two years and nine months. When ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz became caliph, he appointed al-Samḥ b. Mālik al-Khawlānī over al-Andalus and ordered him to survey its land, to separate from it what had been taken by force, to take the fifth from it, and to write to him a description of al-Andalus. His view was to evacuate its people from it because of their isolation from the Muslims. Al-Samḥ arrived there in the year one hundred in Ramadan and did what ʿUmar had ordered him, and he was killed upon his return from enemy territory in the year one hundred and two. ʿUmar had changed his mind about transferring its people from it and abandoning them, and he prayed for its people. Then ʿAnbasah b. Suḥaym al-Kalbī governed it after al-Samḥ in the year one hundred and three, and he died in Shaʿbān of the year one hundred and seven upon his return from a campaign against the Franks. Then Yaḥyā b. Salmā al-Kalbī governed it after him in Dhū al-Qaʿdah of the year one hundred and seven, and he remained as its governor for two years and six months. Then Ḥudhayfah b. al-Abraṣ al-Ashjaʿī entered al-Andalus in the year one hundred and ten and remained as its governor for six months, then he was dismissed. Then ʿUthmān b. Abī Nisʿah al-Khathʿamī governed it, and he arrived there in the year one hundred and ten, and he was dismissed at the end of the year one hundred and ten as well; his governorship lasted five months. Then al-Haytham b. ʿUbayd al-Kinānī governed it, and he arrived there in Muḥarram of the year one hundred and eleven, and he remained as its governor for ten months and some days, then he died in Dhū al-Ḥijjah. The people of al-Andalus then put forward Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Ashjaʿī over themselves, and his governorship lasted two months. After him ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Ghāfiqī governed in Ṣafar of the year one hundred and twelve, and he was martyred in enemy territory in Ramadan of the year one hundred and fourteen. Then ʿAbd al-Malik b. Qaṭan al-Fihrī governed it, and he remained over it for two years and was dismissed. Then ʿUqbah b. al-Ḥajjāj al-Salūlī governed it after him. He entered it in the year one hundred and sixteen and governed it for five years. The people of al-Andalus rose against him and deposed him, and after him they appointed ʿAbd al-Malik b. Qaṭan, which was his second governorship. Some historians of al-Andalus have mentioned that he died, and the people of al-Andalus appointed ʿAbd al-Malik. Then Balj b. Bishr al-Qushayrī governed it. His companions pledged allegiance to him, and ʿAbd al-Malik fled and joined his own house, and his two sons Qaṭan and Umayyah fled, one of them joining Māridah and the other Saraqusta. Then the Yemenis rose against Balj and asked him to kill ʿAbd al-Malik b. Qaṭan. When he feared their corruption, he ordered him to be killed and crucified. He was ninety years old. When the news of his killing reached his two sons, they gathered forces from Māridah to Arbūnah, and a hundred thousand gathered to them, and they marched against Balj and those with him in Cordoba. Balj went out to meet them with those of the Syrians who were with him near Cordoba and defeated the two of them. He returned to Cordoba and died a few days later. The reason for Balj's coming to al-Andalus was that he was with his paternal uncle Kulthūm b. ʿIyāḍ at the battle of the Berbers in the year one hundred and twenty-three, which has already been mentioned. When his uncle was killed, he went to al-Andalus, and ʿAbd al-Malik b. Qaṭan allowed him to cross into it, which was the cause of his being killed. Then the Syrians appointed over al-Andalus in his place Thaʿlabah b. Salāmah al-ʿĀmilī, and he remained until Abū al-Khaṭṭār came as governor over al-Andalus in the year one hundred and twenty-five. The people of al-Andalus submitted to him, and Thaʿlabah, Ibn Abī Nisʿah, and the two sons of ʿAbd al-Malik came to him. He granted them safety and treated them well, and his rule became established. He was brave, judicious, and generous. The Syrians became numerous with him, and Cordoba could not accommodate them, so he distributed them among the regions. He settled the people of Damascus in Elvira because of its resemblance to it and named it Damascus. He settled the people of Homs in Seville and named it Homs. He settled the people of Qinnasrīn in Jaén and named it Qinnasrīn. He settled the people of Jordan in Rayya and named it Jordan. He settled the people of Palestine in Sidonia and named it Palestine. He settled the people of Egypt in Tudmir and named it Egypt because of its resemblance to it. Then the Yemenis showed factional partisanship, and that was a cause for al-Ṣumayl b. Ḥātim to unite with Muḍar against him, to fight him, and to depose him. This strife arose in the year one hundred and twenty-seven. Al-Ṣumayl b. Ḥātim b. Shimr b. Dhī al-Jawshan had come to al-Andalus among the Syrian reinforcements and had become a leader there. Abū al-Khaṭṭār wanted to humble him, so one day he ordered him to be insulted and humiliated in the presence of the army. He went out with his turban tilted, and one of the chamberlains said to him, "Why is your turban tilted?" He replied, "If I have a people, they will set it straight." He sent to his people and complained to them of what he had suffered. They said, "We are your followers." They wrote to Thawābah b. Salāmah al-Judhāmī, who was from the people of Palestine, and he came to them, answered their call, and the Lakhm and Judhām followed him. That reached Abū al-Khaṭṭār, so he marched against them. They fought him, his companions were defeated, and Abū al-Khaṭṭār was taken prisoner. Thawābah entered the palace of Cordoba while Abū al-Khaṭṭār was in his chains, and Thawābah governed al-Andalus for two years, then he died. The people of Yemen wanted to restore Abū al-Khaṭṭār, but Muḍar refused, with al-Ṣumayl as their leader. Thus the word was divided, and al-Andalus remained for four months without an amir. This has already been mentioned in more detail in the year one hundred and twenty-seven. When they remained without an amir, they put forward ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Kathīr al-Lakhmī for the judicial functions. When the matter worsened, their opinion agreed upon Yūsuf b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Ḥabīb b. Abī ʿUbaydah al-Fihrī, and Yūsuf governed it in the year one hundred and twenty-nine. It was settled that he should govern for a year, then return the matter to the Yemenis so that they might appoint whomever they liked from their people. When the year ended, all the people of Yemen came forward wanting to appoint one of their own men, but al-Ṣumayl ambushed them at night and killed a great number of them. That was the famous battle of Shaqunda, in which Abū al-Khaṭṭār was killed. They fought with spears until they broke, and with swords until they shattered, then they grappled with one another by the hair. That was in the year one hundred and thirty. The people united upon Yūsuf, and no one opposed him. It has been said otherwise than what we have mentioned, and it has already been mentioned in the year one hundred and twenty-seven. Then drought afflicted al-Andalus repeatedly, and its people emigrated from it, and it remained weakened until the year one hundred and thirty-six. In that year Tamīm b. Maʿbad al-Fihrī and ʿĀmir al-ʿAbdarī gathered in the city of Saraqusta, and al-Ṣumayl fought them. Then Yūsuf al-Fihrī marched against them and fought them and killed them. Yūsuf remained over al-Andalus until ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muʿāwiyah b. Hishām conquered it. This is what we have mentioned of the governors of al-Andalus in abbreviated form. It has already been mentioned in greater detail in scattered places, and we have brought it here in sequence so that some reports about al-Andalus may be connected with others, because they came scattered. We now return to the mention of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muʿāwiyah b. Hishām's crossing into it. As for the reason for ʿAbd al-Raḥmān's going to the west, it is related from him that when the Abbasid dynasty appeared and many of the Umayyads and their partisans were killed, those of them who survived fled throughout the land. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muʿāwiyah was at Dhāt al-Zaytūn, and he fled from there to Palestine, and he and his mawlā Badr stayed spying out the news. It is related from him that he said: When we were given the amnesty and then it was broken with us at the river of Abū Fuṭrus, and our blood was made lawful, the news came to us while I had withdrawn from the people. I returned to my dwelling in despair and considered what would be best for me and my family. I went out in fear until I came to a village on the Euphrates with trees and thickets. While I was there one day, with my son Sulaymān playing before me, he was then four years old, the boy went away from me and then came in through the door of the house crying in terror and clung to me. I kept pushing him away while he clung to me. I went out to look and found that fear had descended upon the village, and black banners were lowered upon it. A young brother of mine said to me, "Escape, escape! These are the banners of the wearers of black!" So I took some dinars with me and saved myself and my brother. I informed my sisters of my destination and ordered them to send my mawlā Badr after me. The cavalry surrounded the village, but they found no trace of me. I went to a man of my acquaintance and ordered him to buy mounts and what I needed. A slave of his informed the governor about me, so he came with his cavalry seeking me. We went out on foot as fugitives while the cavalry could see us. We entered gardens on the Euphrates and outran the cavalry to the Euphrates and swam. As for me, I escaped, while the cavalry called to us with a guarantee of safety, and I did not turn back. As for my brother, he was unable to swim in the middle of the Euphrates, so he returned to them under the guarantee of safety, and they took him and killed him while I was watching him. He was thirteen years old. I bore the bereavement of him and went on my way. I hid in a dense thicket until the pursuit ceased, and I went out and made for the west and reached Ifrīqiyah. Then his sister Umm al-Aṣbagh sent after him his mawlā Badr, together with provisions and jewels for him. When he reached Ifrīqiyah, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Ḥabīb b. Abī ʿUbaydah al-Fihrī, it is said he was the father of Yūsuf the amir of al-Andalus, and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān was the governor of Ifrīqiyah, persisted in seeking him and pressed him hard. He fled from him and came to Miknāsah, a tribe of the Berbers, and he met hardship among them that would take long to describe. Then he fled from them and came to Nafzāwah, who were his maternal uncles, with Badr accompanying him. It is said: he came to a people of the Zanātah, and they received him well, and he felt at ease among them. He began to arrange correspondence with the Umayyads among the people of al-Andalus, informing them of his arrival and summoning them to himself. He sent his mawlā Badr to them, while the amir of al-Andalus at that time was Yūsuf b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Fihrī. Badr went to them and informed them of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān's situation and summoned them to him. They answered him and sent to him a ship in which were Thumāmah b. ʿAlqamah, Wahb b. al-Aṣfar, and Shākir b. Abī al-Ashmaṭ. They reached him and conveyed their obedience to him, and they took him and returned to al-Andalus. He anchored at al-Munakkab in the month of Rabīʿ al-Awwal of the year one hundred and thirty-eight. A group of their chiefs from the people of Seville came to him, and the people of Yemen were also resentful of al-Ṣumayl and Yūsuf al-Fihrī, so they came to him. Then he moved to the province of Rayya, and its governor ʿĪsā b. Musāwir pledged allegiance to him. Then he came to Sidonia, and Ghiyāth b. ʿAlqamah al-Lakhmī pledged allegiance to him. Then he came to Moron, and its governor Ibrāhīm b. Shajarah pledged allegiance to him. Then he came to Seville, and Abū al-Ṣabāḥ Yaḥyā b. Yaḥyā pledged allegiance to him, and he advanced toward Cordoba. His news reached Yūsuf, who was absent from Cordoba in the vicinity of Toledo. The news came to him while he was returning to Cordoba, and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān marched toward Cordoba. When he came to Cordoba, he and Yūsuf exchanged messages about a peace settlement, and he deceived him for about two days, one of which was the Day of ʿArafah. None of Yūsuf's companions doubted that the peace had been concluded, and they turned to preparing food for the people to eat at the table on the Day of Sacrifice. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān arranged his cavalry and infantry, crossed the river with his companions at night, and fighting broke out on the night of the sacrifice. Both parties held firm until daylight rose. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān rode a mule so that the people would not think he was fleeing. When they saw him thus, their hearts were reassured, and killing hastened among Yūsuf's companions, and he fled. Al-Ṣumayl remained fighting with a band of his kinsmen, then they fled, and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān was victorious. When Yūsuf fled, he went to Māridah, and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān came to Cordoba and expelled Yūsuf's retinue from the palace, then entered it after that. Then he went in pursuit of Yūsuf. When Yūsuf sensed him, he doubled back to Cordoba and entered it and took possession of its palace. He took all his family and wealth and joined the city of Elvira. Al-Ṣumayl had joined the city of Shūdhar. The news reached ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, and he returned to Cordoba hoping to catch him there. When he did not find him, he resolved to go after him. He marched to Elvira. Al-Ṣumayl had joined Yūsuf, and a force had gathered to them there. They exchanged messages about a peace settlement and made peace on the condition that Yūsuf and those with him should come down under a guarantee of safety, and that he should reside with ʿAbd al-Raḥmān in Cordoba. Yūsuf gave as hostages his two sons, Abū al-Aswad Muḥammad and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. Yūsuf went with ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, and when he entered Cordoba, he recited: While we were governing the people and the affair was ours, lo, we are among them as commoners seeking justice. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān settled in Cordoba, built the palace and the congregational mosque, and spent eighty thousand dinars on it, and he died before its completion. He built congregational mosques, and a group of his family came to him, and he used to pray for al-Manṣūr. Abū Jaʿfar has mentioned that ʿAbd al-Raḥmān's entry was in the year one hundred and thirty-nine, and it is said: the year one hundred and thirty-eight, as we have mentioned. This amount is sufficient in mentioning his entry into al-Andalus, so that we do not depart from the brevity we have intended.
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