Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2071
The caliphate of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib
صِفَةُ اجْتِمَاعِ الْحَكَمَيْنِ وَهُمَا أَبُو مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيُّ وَعَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ، ؓ، بِدُومَةِ الْجَنْدَلِ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ كَمَا تَشَارَطُوا عَلَيْهِ وَقْتَ التَّحْكِيمِ بِصِفِّينَ. وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: اجْتَمَعُوا فِي شَعْبَانَ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا، ؓ، لَمَّا كَانَ مَجِيءُ رَمَضَانَ، بَعَثَ أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ فَارِسٍ مَعَ شُرَيْحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ، وَمَعَهُمْ أَبُو مُوسَى، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَإِلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ، وَبَعَثَ مُعَاوِيَةُ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ فِي أَرْبَعِمِائَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَمَعَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، ابْنُهُ فَتَوَافَوْا بِدُومَةِ الْجَنْدَلِ بِأَذْرُحَ - وَهِيَ نِصْفٌ بَيْنَ الشَّامِ وَالْكُوفَةِ، بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ كُلٍّ مِنَ الْبَلَدَيْنِ تِسْعُ مَرَاحِلَ - وَشَهِدَ ذَلِكَ مَعَهُمْ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ رُءُوسِ النَّاسِ ; كَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَالْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَأَبِي جَهْمِ بْنِ حُذَيْفَةَ. شهود سعد بن أبي وقاص التحكيم وَزَعَمَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ أَنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ شَهِدَهُمْ أَيْضًا، وَأَنْكَرَ حُضُورَهُ آخَرُونَ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ خَرَجَ إِلَى أَبِيهِ وَهُوَ بِمَاءٍ لِبَنِي سُلَيْمٍ مُعْتَزِلٌ بِالْبَادِيَةِ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَهْ، قَدْ بَلَغَكَ مَا كَانَ مِنَ النَّاسِ بِصِفِّينَ، وَقَدْ حَكَّمَ النَّاسُ أَبَا مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيَّ، وَعَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ، وَقَدْ شَهِدَهُمْ نَفَرٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، فَاشْهَدْهُمْ فَإِنَّكَ صَاحِبُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، وَأَحَدُ أَصْحَابِ الشُّورَى، وَلَمْ تَدْخُلْ فِي شَيْءٍ كَرِهَتْهُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةُ، فَاحْضُرْ إِنَّكَ أَحَقُّ النَّاسِ بِالْخِلَافَةِ. فَقَالَ: لَا أَفْعَلُ، إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، يَقُولُ: إِنَّهُ سَتَكُونُ فِتْنَةٌ، خَيْرُ النَّاسِ فِيهَا الْخَفِيُّ التَّقِيُّ. وَاللَّهِ لَا أَشْهَدُ شَيْئًا مِنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ أَبَدًا. وَعَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ أَنَّ أَخَاهُ عُمَرَ انْطَلَقَ إِلَى سَعْدٍ فِي غَنَمٍ لَهُ خَارِجًا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ سَعْدٌ قَالَ: أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ شَرِّ هَذَا الرَّاكِبِ، فَلَمَّا أَتَاهُ قَالَ: يَا أَبَهْ، أَرَضِيتَ أَنْ تَكُونَ أَعْرَابِيًّا فِي غَنَمِكَ وَالنَّاسُ يَتَنَازَعُونَ فِي الْمُلْكِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ ؟ فَضَرَبَ سَعْدٌ صَدْرَ عُمَرَ وَقَالَ: اسْكُتْ فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، يَقُولُ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْعَبْدَ التَّقِيَّ الْغَنِيَّ الْخَفِيَّ. وَعَنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّهُ جَاءَهُ ابْنُهُ عَامِرٌ فَقَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّ، أَفِي الْفِتْنَةِ تَأْمُرُنِي أَنْ أَكُونَ رَأْسًا ؟ لَا وَاللَّهِ حَتَّى أُعْطَى سَيْفًا إِنْ ضَرَبْتُ بِهِ مُؤْمِنًا نَبَا عَنْهُ، وَإِنْ ضَرَبْتُ بِهِ كَافِرًا قَتَلْتُهُ، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، يَقُولُ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْغَنِيَّ الْخَفِيَّ التَّقِيَّ وَهَذا السِّيَاقُ كَأَنَّهُ عَكْسُ الْأَوَّلِ، وَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ اسْتَعَانَ بِأَخِيهِ عَامِرٍ عَلَى أَبِيهِ، لِيُشِيرَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَحْضُرَ أَمْرَ التَّحْكِيمِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَعْدِلُونَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ وَمُعَاوِيَةَ وَيُوَلُّونَهُ، فَامْتَنَعَ سَعْدٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَأَبَاهُ أَشَدَّ الْإِبَاءِ وَقَنِعَ بِمَا هُوَ فِيهِ مِنَ الْكِفَايَةِ وَالْخَفَاءِ، كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي " صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ " أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، قَالَ: قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَرُزِقَ كَفَافًا، وَقَنَّعَهُ اللَّهُ بِمَا آتَاهُ. وَكَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ هَذَا يُحِبُّ الدُّنْيَا وَالْإِمَارَةَ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ ذَلِكَ دَأْبَهُ حَتَّى كَانَ هُوَ مِنَ السَّرِيَّةِ الَّتِي قَتَلَتِ الْحُسَيْنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ، ؓ، كَمَا سَيَأْتِي بَيَانُهُ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ وَلَوْ قَنِعَ بِمَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ أَبُوهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ شَيْءٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَالْمَقْصُودُ أَنَّ سَعْدًا لَمْ يَحْضُرْ أَمْرَ التَّحْكِيمِ وَلَا أَرَادَ ذَلِكَ وَلَا هَمَّ بِهِ، وَإِنَّمَا حَضَرَهُ مَنْ ذَكَرْنَا. اجتماع الحكمين وخلع علي وتثبيت معاوية ؓ فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعَ الْحَكَمَانِ تَرَاوَضَا عَلَى الْمَصْلَحَةِ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ بِعِلْمٍ وَنَظَرٍ فِي تَقْدِيرِ أُمُورٍ، ثُمَّ اتَّفَقَا عَلَى أَنْ يَعْزِلَا عَلِيًّا وَمُعَاوِيَةَ، ثُمَّ يَجْعَلَا الْأَمْرَ شُورَى بَيْنَ النَّاسِ لِيَتَّفِقُوا عَلَى الْأَصْلَحِ لَهُمْ مِنْهُمَا أَوْ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمَا، وَقَدْ أَشَارَ أَبُو مُوسَى بِتَوْلِيَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ: فَوَلِّ ابْنِي عَبْدَ اللَّهِ، فَإِنَّهُ يُقَارِبُهُ فِي الْعِلْمِ وَالْعَمَلِ وَالزُّهْدِ. فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو مُوسَى: إِنَّكَ قَدْ غَمَسْتَ ابْنَكَ فِي الْفِتَنِ وَالدُّنْيَا مَعَكَ، وَهُوَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ رَجُلُ صِدْقٍ. قَالَ أَبُو مِخْنَفٍ: عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ: إِنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ لَا يُصْلِحُهُ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ لَهُ ضِرْسٌ يَأْكُلُ وَيُطْعِمُ. وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ فِيهِ غَفْلَةٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ افْطَنْ وَانْتَبِهْ. فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا أَرْشُو عَلَيْهَا شَيْئًا أَبَدًا. ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا ابْنَ الْعَاصِ، إِنَّ الْعَرَبَ قَدْ أَسْنَدَتْ إِلَيْكَ أَمْرَهَا بَعْدَ مَا تَقَارَعَتْ بِالسُّيُوفِ وَتَشَاكَّتْ بِالرِّمَاحِ، فَلَا تَرُدَّنَّهُمْ فِي فِتْنَةٍ مِثْلِهَا أَوْ أَشَدَّ مِنْهَا. ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ حَاوَلَ أَبَا مُوسَى عَلَى أَنْ يُقِرَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَحْدَهُ عَلَى النَّاسِ فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ حَاوَلَهُ لِيَكُونَ ابْنُهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو هُوَ الْخَلِيفَةُ، فَأَبَى أَيْضًا، وَطَلَبَ أَبُو مُوسَى مِنْ عَمْرٍو أَنْ يُوَلِّيَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَأَبَى عَمْرٌو أَيْضًا، ثُمَّ اصْطَلَحَا عَلَى أَنْ يَخْلَعَا مُعَاوِيَةَ وَعَلِيًّا وَيَتْرُكَا الْأَمْرَ شُورَى بَيْنَ النَّاسِ لِيَتَّفِقُوا عَلَى مَنْ يَخْتَارُوهُ لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ، ثُمَّ جَاءَا إِلَى الْمَجْمَعِ الَّذِي فِيهِ النَّاسُ - وَكَانَ عَمْرٌو لَا يَتَقَدَّمُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ أَبِي مُوسَى بَلْ يُقَدِّمُهُ فِي كُلِّ الْأُمُورِ أَدَبًا وَإِجْلَالًا - فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا أَبَا مُوسَى قُمْ فَأَعْلِمِ النَّاسَ بِمَا اتَّفَقْنَا عَلَيْهِ. فَخَطَبَ أَبُو مُوسَى النَّاسَ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ صَلَّى عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا قَدْ نَظَرْنَا فِي أَمْرِ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ فَلَمْ نَرَ أَمْرًا أَصْلَحَ لَهَا وَلَا أَلَمَّ لِشَعَثِهَا مَنْ رَأَيٍ قَدِ اتَّفَقْتُ أَنَا وَعَمْرٌو عَلَيْهِ، وَهُوَ أَنَّا نَخْلَعُ عَلِيًّا وَمُعَاوِيَةَ وَنَتْرُكُ الْأَمْرَ شُورَى، وَتَسْتَقْبِلُ الْأُمَّةُ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ فَيُوَلُّوا عَلَيْهِمْ مَنْ أَحَبُّوهُ وَاخْتَارُوهُ، وَإِنِّي قَدْ خَلَعْتُ عَلِيًّا وَمُعَاوِيَةَ. ثُمَّ تَنَحَّى وَجَاءَ عَمْرٌو فَقَامَ مَقَامَهُ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّ هَذَا قَالَ مَا قَدْ سَمِعْتُمْ، وَإِنَّهُ قَدْ خَلَعَ صَاحِبَهُ، وَإِنِّي قَدْ خَلَعْتُهُ أَيْضًا كَمَا خَلَعَهُ، وَأَثْبَتُّ صَاحِبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَإِنَّهُ وَلِيُّ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، وَالطَّالِبُ بِدَمِهِ، وَهُوَ أَحَقُّ النَّاسِ بِمَقَامِهِ. وَكَانَ عَمْرٌو رَأَى مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ أَنَّ تَرْكَ النَّاسِ بِلَا إِمَامٍ - وَالْحَالَةُ هَذِهِ - يُؤَدِّي إِلَى مَفْسَدَةٍ طَوِيلَةٍ عَرِيضَةٍ أَعْظَمَ مِمَّا النَّاسُ فِيهِ مِنَ الِاخْتِلَافِ، فَأَقَرَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ لَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ فَاجْتَهَدَ، وَالِاجْتِهَادُ يُخْطِئُ وَيُصِيبُ. وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّ أَبَا مُوسَى تَكَلَّمَ مَعَ عَمْرٍو بِكَلَامِ فِيهِ غِلْظَةٌ، وَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ مِثْلَهُ. وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ أَنَّ شُرَيْحَ بْنَ هَانِئٍ - مُقَدَّمَ جَيْشِ عَلِيٍّ - وَثَبَ عَلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ فَضَرَبَهُ بِالسَّوْطِ، وَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنٌ لِعَمْرٍو فَضَرَبَهُ بِالسَّوْطِ، وَتَفَرَّقَ النَّاسُ فِي كُلِّ وَجْهٍ إِلَى بِلَادِهِمْ، فَأَمَّا عَمْرٌو وَأَصْحَابُهُ فَدَخَلُوا عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَسَلَّمُوا عَلَيْهِ بِتَحِيَّةِ الْخِلَافَةِ، وَأَمَّا أَبُو مُوسَى فَاسْتَحْيَى مِنْ عَلِيٍّ فَذَهَبَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، وَرَجَعَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَشُرَيْحُ بْنُ هَانِئٍ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ، فَأَخْبَرَاهُ بِمَا فَعَلَ أَبُو مُوسَى وَعَمْرٌو، فَاسْتَضْعَفُوا رَأْيَ أَبِي مُوسَى، وَعَرَفُوا أَنَّهُ لَا يُوَازِنُ عَمْرًا.
Translation
✧ Description of the meeting of the two arbitrators, Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī and ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, ؓ, at Dūmat al-Jandal That took place in the month of Ramaḍān, as they had stipulated at the time of the arbitration at Ṣiffīn. Al-Wāqidī said: They met in Shaʿbān. That is because when Ramaḍān arrived, ʿAlī, ؓ, sent four hundred horsemen with Shurayḥ b. Hāniʾ, and with them were Abū Mūsā and ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās, and he was the prayer leader. Muʿāwiyah sent ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ with four hundred men from the people of Syria, and with him was his son ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAmr. They all arrived at Dūmat al-Jandal in Adhruḥ — which is halfway between Syria and Kufa, nine stages from each of the two cities — and a group of leading people witnessed it with them, such as ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr, al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Ḥārith b. Hishām al-Makhzūmī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAbd Yaghūth al-Zuhrī, and Abū Jahm b. Ḥudhayfah. Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ witnessing the arbitration Some people claimed that Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ also witnessed it, while others denied his presence. Ibn Jarīr mentioned that ʿUmar b. Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ went out to his father, who was at a watering place belonging to Banū Sulaym, secluded in the desert, and said: “O father, you have heard what happened among the people at Ṣiffīn. The people have appointed Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī and ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ as arbitrators, and a group of Quraysh witnessed them. Witness them too, for you are a companion of the Messenger of God, ﷺ, and one of the members of the consultative council, and you have not entered into anything this community dislikes. Attend, for you are the most entitled of people to the caliphate.” He said: “I will not do that. I heard the Messenger of God, ﷺ, say: ‘There will be a tribulation in which the best of people is the hidden, God-fearing one.’ By God, I will never witness anything of this matter.” From ʿĀmir b. Saʿd, that his brother ʿUmar went to Saʿd among some sheep of his outside Madinah. When Saʿd saw him, he said: “I seek refuge in God from the evil of this rider.” When he came to him, he said: “O father, are you content to be a bedouin among your sheep while the people contend for sovereignty in Madinah?” Saʿd struck ʿUmar on the chest and said: “Be quiet. I heard the Messenger of God, ﷺ, say: ‘God loves the God-fearing, self-sufficient, hidden servant.’” From al-Muṭṭalib, from ʿUmar b. Saʿd, from his father, that his son ʿĀmir came to him and he said: “O my son, do you command me to be a head in tribulation? No, by God, not until I am given a sword that if I strike a believer with it, it turns away from him, and if I strike an unbeliever with it, it kills him. I heard the Messenger of God, ﷺ, say: ‘God loves the self-sufficient, hidden, God-fearing one.’” This account seems to be the reverse of the first. Apparently ʿUmar b. Saʿd sought the help of his brother ʿĀmir with their father, to suggest to him that he attend the arbitration, perhaps they would turn away from ʿAlī and Muʿāwiyah and appoint him. Saʿd refused that and rejected it with the utmost rejection, and was content with the sufficiency and obscurity he was in, as is established in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim that the Messenger of God, ﷺ, said: “He has succeeded who submits and is provided with sufficiency, and God makes him content with what He has given him.” This ʿUmar b. Saʿd loved this world and authority, and that remained his habit until he was among the contingent that killed al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī, ؓ, as will be explained in its place. If he had been content with what his father was upon, none of that would have happened. And God knows best. The point is that Saʿd did not attend the arbitration, did not want that, and did not consider it. Only those we mentioned attended it. The meeting of the two arbitrators, the removal of ʿAlī and the confirmation of Muʿāwiyah ؓ When the two arbitrators met, they deliberated about the welfare of the Muslims with knowledge and consideration in assessing matters. Then they agreed to depose both ʿAlī and Muʿāwiyah, and then make the matter a consultative council among the people, so that they might agree on the best for them from among the two or from others. Abū Mūsā suggested appointing ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, and ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ said to him: “Then appoint my son ʿAbd Allāh, for he is close to him in knowledge, deeds, and asceticism.” Abū Mūsā said to him: “You have plunged your son into tribulations and this world along with you, though he is nonetheless a man of truth.” Abū Mikhnaf said, from Ibn ʿUmar, who said: ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ said: “This matter is only set right by a man who has a molar with which he eats and feeds others.” Ibn ʿUmar was somewhat heedless, so Ibn al-Zubayr said to him: “O ʿAbd Allāh, be alert and pay attention.” Ibn ʿUmar said: “No, by God, I will never bribe for it anything at all.” Then he said: “O Ibn al-ʿĀṣ, the Arabs have entrusted their affair to you after they clashed with swords and wounded one another with spears. Do not return them to a tribulation like it or worse.” Then ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ tried to persuade Abū Mūsā to confirm Muʿāwiyah alone over the people, but he refused. Then he tried to make his son ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAmr the caliph, but he also refused. Abū Mūsā asked ʿAmr to appoint ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, but ʿAmr also refused. Then they agreed to depose Muʿāwiyah and ʿAlī and leave the matter as a consultative council among the people, so that they might agree on whomever they chose for themselves. Then they came to the assembly where the people were — and ʿAmr would not go before Abū Mūsā but rather gave him precedence in all matters out of deference and respect — and he said to him: “O Abū Mūsā, rise and inform the people of what we have agreed upon.” Abū Mūsā addressed the people. He praised and extolled God, then invoked blessings upon the Messenger of God ﷺ, then said: “O people, we have considered the affair of this community and have not seen any matter more beneficial for it or more restorative of its disarray than an opinion upon which I and ʿAmr have agreed, which is that we depose ʿAlī and Muʿāwiyah and leave the matter as a consultative council. The community will face this matter anew and appoint over themselves whomever they love and choose. I have deposed ʿAlī and Muʿāwiyah.” Then he stepped aside, and ʿAmr came and stood in his place. He praised and extolled God, then said: “This man has said what you have heard, and he has deposed his companion, and I also depose him as he deposed him, and I confirm my companion Muʿāwiyah, for he is the heir of ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, the seeker of his blood, and the most entitled of people to his station.” ʿAmr had seen that leaving the people without an imam — in this situation — would lead to a long and broad corruption greater than the disagreement the people were already in. So he confirmed Muʿāwiyah when he saw that benefit, and he exercised judgment, and judgment may err or be correct. It is said that Abū Mūsā spoke to ʿAmr with harsh words, and ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ replied to him in kind. Ibn Jarīr mentioned that Shurayḥ b. Hāniʾ — the commander of ʿAlī's army — leapt at ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ and struck him with a whip, and a son of ʿAmr rose against him and struck him with a whip. The people dispersed in every direction to their lands. As for ʿAmr and his companions, they entered upon Muʿāwiyah and greeted him with the salutation of the caliphate. As for Abū Mūsā, he was ashamed before ʿAlī and went to Makkah. Ibn ʿAbbās and Shurayḥ b. Hāniʾ returned to ʿAlī and told him what Abū Mūsā and ʿAmr had done. They deemed Abū Mūsā's judgment weak and recognized that he did not measure up to ʿAmr.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.