Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1681
The messengers of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his correspondence to the kings and the like
إِرْسَالِهِ ﷺ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ ؓ إِلَى نَجْرَانَ وَغَيْرِهَا أَرْسَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى أُكَيْدِرِ صَاحِبِ دُومَةَ، فَأَسَرَهُ وَأَحْضَرَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، فَصَالَحَهُ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ وَرَدَّهُ إِلَى بَلَدِهِ وَأَرْسَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ إِلَى بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَرْجِحَ بِنَجْرَانَ، فِي رَبِيعٍ الْآخِرِ - أَوْ فِي جُمَادَى الْأُولَى - فِي سَنَةِ عَشْرٍ وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَدْعُوَهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقَاتِلَهُمْ ثَلَاثًا، فَإِنِ اسْتَجَابُوا فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا فَقَاتِلْهُمْ. فَخَرَجَ خَالِدٌ حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَبَعَثَ الرُّكْبَانَ يَضْرِبُونَ فِي كُلِّ وَجْهٍ، وَيَدْعُونَ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَيَقُولُونَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَسْلِمُوا تَسْلَمُوا. فَأَسْلَمَ النَّاسُ وَدَخَلُوا فِيمَا دُعُوا إِلَيْهِ، فَأَقَامَ فِيهِمْ خَالِدٌ يُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ وَكِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ كَمَا أَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنْ هُمْ أَسْلَمُوا وَلَمْ يُقَاتِلُوا، ثُمَّ كَتَبَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، فَإِنِّي أَحْمَدُ إِلَيْكَ اللَّهَ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ، أَمَّا بَعْدُ، يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ، فَإِنَّكَ بَعَثْتَنِي إِلَى بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، وَأَمَرْتَنِي إِذَا أَتَيْتُهُمْ أَنْ لَا أُقَاتِلَهُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَأَنْ أَدْعُوَهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، فَإِنْ أَسْلَمُوا قَبِلْتُ مِنْهُمْ وَعَلَّمْتُهُمْ مَعَالِمَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَكِتَابَ اللَّهِ، وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُسْلِمُوا قَاتَلْتُهُمْ، وَإِنِّي قَدِمْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَدَعَوْتُهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ كَمَا أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَبَعَثْتُ فِيهِمْ رُكْبَانًا قَالُوا: يَا بَنِي الْحَارِثِ أَسْلِمُوا تَسْلَمُوا. فَأَسْلَمُوا وَلَمْ يُقَاتِلُوا، وَأَنَا مُقِيمٌ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ آمُرُهُمْ بِمَا أَمَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِهِ، وَأَنْهَاهُمْ عَمَّا نَهَاهُمُ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، وَأُعَلِّمُهُمْ مَعَالِمَ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَسُنَّةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، حَتَّى يَكْتُبَ إِلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ. فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ إِلَى خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ، فَإِنِّي أَحْمَدُ إِلَيْكَ اللَّهَ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ، أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنَّ كِتَابَكَ جَاءَنِي مَعَ رَسُولِكَ، تُخْبِرُ أَنَّ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ قَدْ أَسْلَمُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ تُقَاتِلَهُمْ، وَأَجَابُوا إِلَى مَا دَعَوْتَهُمْ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَشَهِدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ، وَأَنْ قَدْ هَدَاهُمُ اللَّهُ بِهُدَاهُ، فَبَشِّرْهُمْ وَأَنْذِرْهُمْ، وَأَقْبِلْ وَلْيُقْبِلْ مَعَكَ وَفْدُهُمْ، وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ ". فَأَقْبَلَ خَالِدٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَقْبَلَ مَعَهُ وَفْدُ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، مِنْهُمْ ; قَيْسُ بْنُ الْحُصَيْنِ ذِي الْغُصَّةِ، وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَدَانِ، وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ الْمُحَجَّلِ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ قُرَادٍ الزِّيَادِيُّ، وَشَدَّادُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْقَنَانِيُّ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الضِّبَابِيُّ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَرَآهُمْ قَالَ: " مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمُ الَّذِينَ كَأَنَّهُمْ رِجَالُ الْهِنْدِ ؟ ! " قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَؤُلَاءِ بَنُو الْحَارِثِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ. فَلَمَّا وَقَفُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَلَّمُوا عَلَيْهِ وَقَالُوا: نَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، وَأَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " وَأَنَا أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ". ثُمَّ قَالَ: " أَنْتُمُ الَّذِينَ إِذَا زُجِرُوا اسْتَقْدَمُوا ؟ " فَسَكَتُوا فَلَمْ يُرَاجِعْهُ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ ثُمَّ أَعَادَهَا الثَّانِيَةَ، ثُمَّ الثَّالِثَةَ، فَلَمْ يُرَاجِعْهُ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ ثُمَّ أَعَادَهَا الرَّابِعَةَ، فَقَالَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَدَانِ: نَعَمْ، يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ نَحْنُ الَّذِينَ إِذَا زُجِرُوا اسْتَقْدَمُوا. قَالَهَا أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " لَوْ أَنَّ خَالِدًا لَمْ يَكْتُبْ إِلَيَّ أَنَّكُمْ أَسْلَمْتُمْ وَلَمْ تُقَاتِلُوا لَأَلْقَيْتُ رُءُوسَكُمْ تَحْتَ أَقْدَامِكُمْ ". فَقَالَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَدَانِ: أَمَا وَاللَّهِ مَا حَمِدْنَاكَ وَلَا حَمِدْنَا خَالِدًا قَالَ: " فَمَنْ حَمِدْتُمْ ؟ " قَالُوا: حَمِدْنَا اللَّهَ الَّذِي هَدَانَا بِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " صَدَقْتُمْ ". ثُمَّ قَالَ: " بِمَ كُنْتُمْ تَغْلِبُونَ مَنْ قَاتَلَكُمْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ؟ ". قَالُوا: لَمْ نَكُ نَغْلِبُ أَحَدًا: قَالَ: " بَلَى، قَدْ كُنْتُمْ تَغْلِبُونَ مَنْ قَاتَلَكُمْ ". قَالُوا: كُنَّا نَغْلِبُ مَنْ قَاتَلَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَنَّا كُنَّا نَجْتَمِعُ وَلَا نَتَفَرَّقُ، وَلَا نَبْدَأُ أَحَدًا بِظُلْمٍ، قَالَ: " صَدَقْتُمْ " ثُمَّ أَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَيْسَ بْنَ الْحُصَيْنِ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا إِلَى قَوْمِهِمْ فِي بَقِيَّةِ شَوَّالٍ، أَوْ فِي صَدْرِ ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ بَعْدَ أَنْ وَلَّى وَفْدُهُمْ عَمْرَو بْنَ حَزْمٍ ; لِيُفَقِّهَهُمْ فِي الدِّينِ، وَيُعَلِّمَهُمُ السُّنَّةَ وَمَعَالِمَ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَيَأْخُذَ مِنْهُمْ صَدَقَاتِهِمْ، وَكَتَبَ لَهُ كِتَابًا عَهِدَ إِلَيْهِ فِيهِ عَهْدَهُ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَمْرَهُ. وتُوُفِّيَ خالد بن الوليد فِي خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ ؓ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ، وَكَانَتْ وَفَاتُهُ بِحِمْصَ، وَقَبْرُهُ مَشْهُورٌ، وَعَلَى نَحْوِ مِيلٍ مِنْ حِمْصَ، وَقِيلَ: تُوُفِّيَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ [وَلَكِنَّ الْأَكْثَرَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ مَاتَ بِحِمْصَ ].
Translation
✧ His ﷺ sending of Khālid b. al-Walīd ؓ to Najrān and elsewhere The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent him to Ukaydir, the lord of Dūmah, and he took him captive and brought him before the Messenger of Allah. He made peace with him on the jizyah and returned him to his land. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ also sent him in the year ten to the Banū al-Ḥārith b. Kaʿb b. Marjihah in Najrān, in Rabīʿ al-Ākhir—or in Jumādā al-Ūlā—of the year ten, and commanded him to call them to Islam before fighting them for three days. If they responded, he was to accept from them, and if they did not, he was to fight them. Khālid went out until he reached them, and he sent riders striking out in every direction, calling to Islam and saying: "O people, submit and you will be safe." So the people submitted and entered into what they were called to. Khālid stayed among them teaching them Islam, the Book of Allah, and the Sunnah of His Prophet ﷺ, as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had commanded him if they submitted and did not fight. Then Khālid b. al-Walīd wrote to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. To Muḥammad, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, from Khālid b. al-Walīd. Peace be upon you, O Messenger of Allah, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. I praise to you Allah, besides whom there is no god. To proceed: O Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless you, you sent me to the Banū al-Ḥārith b. Kaʿb and commanded me, when I reached them, not to fight them for three days and to call them to Islam; if they submitted, I was to accept from them and teach them the landmarks of Islam, the Book of Allah, and the Sunnah of His Prophet, and if they did not submit, I was to fight them. I came to them and called them to Islam for three days as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded me, and I sent riders among them who said: 'O Banū al-Ḥārith, submit and you will be safe.' They submitted and did not fight. I am staying among them, commanding them with what Allah has commanded them, forbidding them from what Allah has forbidden them, and teaching them the landmarks of Islam and the Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ writes to me. Peace be upon you, O Messenger of Allah, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrote to him: "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. From Muḥammad the Prophet, the Messenger of Allah, to Khālid b. al-Walīd. Peace be upon you. I praise to you Allah, besides whom there is no god. To proceed: Your letter came to me with your messenger, informing that the Banū al-Ḥārith b. Kaʿb had submitted before you fought them and answered to what you called them to of Islam, and testified that there is no god but Allah and that Muḥammad is the servant of Allah and His Messenger, and that Allah has guided them by His guidance. So give them glad tidings and warn them. Come forward, and let their delegation come forward with you. Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah and His blessings." Khālid came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and with him came the delegation of the Banū al-Ḥārith b. Kaʿb, among them: Qays b. al-Ḥuṣayn Dhū al-Ghuṣṣah, Yazīd b. ʿAbd al-Madān, Yazīd b. al-Muḥajjal, ʿAbd Allāh b. Qurād al-Ziyādī, Shaddād b. ʿUbayd Allāh al-Qanānī, and ʿAmr b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḍibābī. When they came before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he saw them, he said: "Who are these people who look like men of India?!" It was said: "O Messenger of Allah, these are the Banū al-Ḥārith b. Kaʿb." When they stood before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, they greeted him and said: "We bear witness that you are the Messenger of Allah and that there is no god but Allah." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "And I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah." Then he said: "Are you the ones who, when they are rebuked, press forward?" They remained silent, and none of them answered him. He repeated it a second time, then a third, and none of them answered him. Then he repeated it a fourth time, and Yazīd b. ʿAbd al-Madān said: "Yes, O Messenger of Allah, we are the ones who, when rebuked, press forward." He said it four times. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Had Khālid not written to me that you had submitted and did not fight, I would have thrown your heads under your feet." Yazīd b. ʿAbd al-Madān said: "By Allah, we did not praise you, nor did we praise Khālid." He said: "Whom did you praise?" They said: "We praised Allah who guided us through you, O Messenger of Allah." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "You have spoken truth." Then he said: "By what means did you used to overcome those who fought you in the Jāhiliyyah?" They said: "We used not to overcome anyone." He said: "Indeed you did overcome those who fought you." They said: "We used to overcome those who fought us, O Messenger of Allah, because we would gather together and not separate, and we would not begin with injustice against anyone." He said: "You have spoken truth." Then he appointed over them Qays b. al-Ḥuṣayn. Ibn Isḥāq said: Then they returned to their people in the remainder of Shawwāl or at the beginning of Dhū al-Qaʿdah. He said: Then after their delegation had departed, he sent to them ʿAmr b. Ḥazm to instruct them in the religion, teach them the Sunnah and the landmarks of Islam, and take from them their alms. He wrote for him a letter in which he entrusted him with his covenant and commanded him his command. Khālid b. al-Walīd died during the caliphate of ʿUmar ؓ in the year twenty-one. His death was in Ḥimṣ, and his grave is well known, about a mile from Ḥimṣ. It was also said: He died in al-Madīnah [but the predominant view is that he died in Ḥimṣ].
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