Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1576
The Pilgrimage of Abū Bakr with the People
[ نُزُولُ بَرَاءَةٍ فِي نَقْضِ مَا بَيْنَ الرَّسُولِ وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ ] وَنَزَلَتْ بَرَاءَةٌ فِي نَقْضِ مَا بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبَيْنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِنْ الْعَهْدِ، الَّذِي كَانُوا عَلَيْهِ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُمْ: أَنْ لَا يُصَدَّ عَنْ الْبَيْتِ أَحَدٌ جَاءَهُ، وَلَا يَخَافُ أَحَدٌ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحِرَامِ. وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَهْدًا عَامًّا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ النَّاسِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ، وَكَانَتْ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ عُهُودٌ بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبَيْنَ قَبَائِلَ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ خَصَائِصَ، إلَى آجَالٍ مُسَمَّاةٍ، فَنَزَلَتْ فِيهِ وَفِيمَنْ تَخَلَّفَ مِنْ الْمُنَافِقِينَ عَنْهُ فِي تَبُوكَ وَفِي قَوْلِ مَنْ قَالَ مِنْهُمْ، فَكَشَفَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهَا سَرَائِرَ أَقْوَامٍ كَانُوا يَسْتَخْفُونَ بِغَيْرِ مَا يُظْهِرُونَ، مِنْهُمْ مَنْ سَمَّى لَنَا، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ لَمْ يُسَمَّ لَنَا، فَقَالَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: بَرَاءَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَيْ لِأَهْلِ الْعَهْدِ الْعَامِّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ فَسِيحُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ غَيْرُ مُعْجِزِي اللَّهِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ مُخْزِي الْكَافِرِينَ وَأَذَانٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى النَّاسِ يَوْمَ الْحَجِّ الْأَكْبَرِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ بَرِيءٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَرَسُولُهُ أَيْ بَعْدَ هَذِهِ الْحِجَّةِ فَإِنْ تُبْتُمْ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ وَإِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ غَيْرُ مُعْجِزِي اللَّهِ وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَيْ الْعَهْدَ الْخَاصَّ إلَى الْأَجَلِ الْمُسَمَّى ثُمَّ لَمْ يَنْقُصُوكُمْ شَيْئًا وَلَمْ يُظَاهِرُوا عَلَيْكُمْ أَحَدًا فَأَتِمُّوا إِلَيْهِمْ عَهْدَهُمْ إِلَى مُدَّتِهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فَإِذَا انْسَلَخَ الْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ يَعْنِي الْأَرْبَعَةَ الَّتِي ضَرَبَ لَهُمْ أَجَلًا فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ وَخُذُوهُمْ وَاحْصُرُوهُمْ وَاقْعُدُوا لَهُمْ كُلَّ مَرْصَدٍ فَإِنْ تَابُوا وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ فَخَلُّوا سَبِيلَهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَيْ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ أَمَرْتُكَ بِقَتْلِهِمْ اسْتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرْهُ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ أَبْلِغْهُ مَأْمَنَهُ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: كَيْفَ يَكُونُ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا هُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ عَلَى الْعَهْدِ الْعَامِّ أَنْ لَا يُخِيفُوكُمْ وَلَا يُخِيفُوهُمْ فِي الْحُرْمَةِ، وَلَا فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ عَهْدٌ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَعِنْدَ رَسُولِهِ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ عِنْدَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَهِيَ قَبَائِلُ مِنْ بَنِي بَكْرٍ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا دَخَلُوا فِي عَقْدِ قُرَيْشٍ وَعَهْدِهِمْ يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، إلَى الْمُدَّةِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبَيْنَ قُرَيْشٍ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ نَقَضَهَا إلَّا هَذَا الْحَيُّ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، وَهِيَ الدِّيلُ مِنْ بَنِي بَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، الَّذِينَ كَانُوا دَخَلُوا فِي عَقْدِ قُرَيْشٍ وَعَهْدِهِمْ. فَأُمِرَ بِإِتْمَامِ الْعَهْدِ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ نَقَضَ مِنْ بَنِي بَكْرٍ إلَى مُدَّتِهِ فَمَا اسْتَقَامُوا لَكُمْ فَاسْتَقِيمُوا لَهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُتَّقِينَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: كَيْفَ وَإِنْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَيْكُمْ أَيْ الْمُشْرِكُونَ الَّذِينَ لَا عَهْدَ لَهُمْ إلَى مُدَّةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ الْعَامِّ لَا يَرْقُبُوا فِيكُمْ إِلًّا وَلَا ذِمَّةً. وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو صَخْرٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا مُعَاوِيَةَ الْبَجَلِيَّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الصَّهْبَاءِ الْبَكْرِيَّ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: سَأَلْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَنْ يَوْمِ الْحَجِّ الْأَكْبَرِ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ يُقِيمُ لِلنَّاسِ الْحَجَّ، وَبَعَثَنِي مَعَهُ بِأَرْبَعِينَ آيَةً مِنْ " بَرَاءَةَ " حَتَّى أَتَى عَرَفَةَ، فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى خُطْبَتَهُ الْتَفَتَ إِلَيَّ فَقَالَ: قُمْ يَا عَلِيُّ فَأَدِّ رِسَالَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَقُمْتُ، فَقَرَأْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَرْبَعِينَ آيَةً مِنْ " بَرَاءَةَ "، ثُمَّ صَدَرْنَا فَأَتَيْنَا مِنًى، فَرَمَيْتُ الْجَمْرَةَ، وَنَحَرْتُ الْبَدَنَةَ ثُمَّ حَلَقْتُ رَأْسِي، وَعَلِمْتُ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَمْعِ لَمْ يَكُونُوا حُضُورًا كُلُّهُمْ خُطْبَةَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ، يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ، فَطَفِقْتُ أَتَتَبَّعُ بِهَا الْفَسَاطِيطَ أَقْرَؤُهَا عَلَيْهِمْ. قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: فَمِنْ ثَمَّ إِخَالُ حَسِبْتُمْ أَنَّهُ يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ، أَلَا وَهُوَ يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ.
Translation
✧ [The Revelation of Barāʾah Concerning the Abrogation of the Treaty Between the Messenger and the Polytheists] And Barāʾah was revealed concerning the abrogation of the treaty between the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the polytheists, the covenant upon which they had been regarding the matters between him and them: that no one who came to the House should be turned away, and no one should be afraid during the sacred month. That was a general pact between him and the people of polytheism, and between that there were specific treaties between the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and tribes of the Arabs, until appointed times. So it was revealed concerning it, and concerning those hypocrites who stayed behind from it at Tabūk, and concerning their words. Allah, Exalted be He, exposed therein the secrets of people who were concealing other than what they showed; some of them He named for us, and some He did not name. He said, Mighty and Exalted: "A declaration of immunity from Allah and His Messenger to those of the polytheists with whom you made a covenant," meaning to the people of the general pact from among the people of polytheism. "So travel through the land for four months, and know that you cannot escape Allah, and that Allah will disgrace the disbelievers." "And an announcement from Allah and His Messenger to the people on the day of the greater pilgrimage," that Allah is free from the polytheists, and His Messenger—meaning after this pilgrimage. "So if you repent, it is better for you; but if you turn away, then know that you cannot escape Allah. And give tidings to those who disbelieve of a painful punishment. Except those of the polytheists with whom you made a covenant," meaning the specific covenant until the appointed time, "then they did not fail you in anything and did not support anyone against you; so complete for them their treaty until their term. Indeed, Allah loves the righteous. So when the sacred months have passed," meaning the four months which He appointed for them as a term, "then kill the polytheists wherever you find them, and seize them, and besiege them, and sit in wait for them at every place of ambush. But if they repent, and establish prayer, and give zakāh, then leave their way free. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. And if any one of the polytheists," that is, of those whom I commanded you to kill, "seeks your protection, then grant him protection so that he may hear the word of Allah; then convey him to his place of safety. That is because they are a people who do not know." Then He said: "How can there be for the polytheists a covenant with Allah and His Messenger," those who were, you and they, upon the general pact, that they would not frighten you nor you them in the sanctuary, nor in the sacred month. "Except those with whom you made a covenant at the Sacred Mosque," and these are tribes of Banū Bakr who had entered into the pact of Quraysh and their treaty on the day of al-Ḥudaybiyah, until the term that was between the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Quraysh. None broke it except this clan of Quraysh, namely al-Dīl of Banū Bakr b. Wāʾil, who had entered into the pact of Quraysh and their treaty. So he was commanded to complete the covenant for those of Banū Bakr who had not broken it until its term. "So as long as they are upright toward you, be upright toward them. Indeed, Allah loves the righteous." Then He, Exalted, said: "How? And if they gain dominance over you," meaning the polytheists who have no covenant until a term from among the people of general polytheism, "they will not observe toward you any tie of kinship or any covenant of protection." And Abū Ṣakhr informed us that he heard Abū Muʿāwiyah al-Bajalī, from the people of Kūfah, saying: I heard Abū al-Ṣahbāʾ al-Bakrī saying: I asked ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib about the day of the greater pilgrimage, and he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Abū Bakr b. Abī Quḥāfah to conduct the pilgrimage for the people, and he sent me with him with forty verses of "Barāʾah" until he came to ʿArafah. He addressed the people on the day of ʿArafah, and when he finished his address, he turned to me and said: "Rise, O ʿAlī, and deliver the message of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." So I rose and recited to them forty verses of "Barāʾah." Then we departed and came to Minā, and I threw the pebbles, and sacrificed the camel, then shaved my head. And I knew that the people of the gathering had not all been present at the address of Abū Bakr ؓ on the day of ʿArafah, so I went about seeking the tents, reciting it to them. ʿAlī said: From that, I suppose you thought it was the day of sacrifice. Nay, it is the day of ʿArafah.
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