Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1176
The Expulsion of Banu al-Nadir in the Year Four
وَقَبَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْأَمْوَالَ وَالْحَلْقَةَ فَوَجَدَ خَمْسِينَ دِرْعًا، وَخَمْسِينَ بَيْضَةً، وَثَلَاثَمِائَةٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ سَيْفًا. وَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَلَا تُخَمِّسُ مَا أَصَبْتَ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا أَجْعَلُ شَيْئًا جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِي دُونَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ» بِقَوْلِهِ: مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى.. [الْحَشْرِ 7] الْآيَةَ، كَهَيْئَةِ مَا وَقَعَ فِيهِ السَّهْمَانِ. وَكَانَتْ بَنُو النَّضِيرِ مِنْ صَفَايَا رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، جَعَلَهَا حَبْسًا لِنَوَائِبِهِ . وَكَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ مِنْهَا، كَانَتْ خَالِصَةً لَهُ فَأَعْطَى مِنْهَا مَنْ أَعْطَى وَحَبَسَ مَا حَبَسَ. وَكَانَ يَزْرَعُ تَحْتَ النَّخْلِ، وَكَانَ يَدَّخِرُ مِنْهَا قُوتَ أَهْلِهِ سَنَةً مِنَ الشَّعِيرِ وَالتَّمْرِ لِأَزْوَاجِهِ وَبَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَمَا فَضَلَ جَعَلَهُ فِي الْكُرَاعِ وَالسِّلَاحِ. وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا تَحَوَّلَ مِنْ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ تَحَوَّلَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ، فَتَنَافَسَتْ فِيهِمِ الْأَنْصَارُ، فَمَا إِنْ يَنْزِلُوا عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى اقْتَرَعُوا فِيهِمْ بِالسُّهْمَانِ، فَمَا نَزَلَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ إِلَّا بِقَرْعَةٍ بِسَهْمٍ، فَكَانَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ فِي دُورِ الْأَنْصَارِ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ. فَلَمَّا غَنِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ دَعَا ثَابِتَ بْنَ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَمَّاسٍ، فَقَالَ: ادْعُ لِي قَوْمَكَ، قَالَ ثَابِتٌ: الْخَزْرَجَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْأَنْصَارَ كُلَّهَا !» فَدَعَا لَهُ الْأَوْسَ وَالْخَزْرَجَ، فَتَكَلَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ بِمَا هُوَ أَهْلُهُ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْأَنْصَارَ وَمَا صَنَعُوا بِالْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَإِنْزَالَهُمْ إِيَّاهُمْ فِي مَنَازِلِهِمْ وَإِيثَارَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِنْ أَحْبَبْتُمْ قَسَمْتُ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيَّ مِنْ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، وَكَانَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ عَلَى مَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ السُّكْنَى فِي مَسَاكِنِكُمْ وَأَمْوَالِكُمْ، وَإِنْ أَحْبَبْتُمْ أَعْطَيْتُهُمْ وَخَرَجُوا مِنْ دُورِكُمْ». فَتَكَلَّمَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ وَسَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ ؓ وَجَزَاهُمَا خَيْرًا، فَقَالَا: «يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بَلْ تَقْسِمُهُ بَيْنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَيَكُونُونَ فِي دُورِنَا كَمَا كَانُوا»، وَنَادَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ- ؓ وَجَزَاهُمْ خَيْرًا-: «رَضِيَنَا وَسَلَّمْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ». فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اللَّهُمَّ ارْحَمِ الْأَنْصَارَ، وَأَبْنَاءَ الْأَنْصَارِ» . فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ، وَأَعْطَى الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَلَمْ يُعْطِ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْفَيْءِ شَيْئًا إِلَّا رَجُلَيْنِ كَانَا مُحْتَاجَيْنِ: سَهْلَ بْنَ حَنِيفٍ وَأَبَا دُجَانَةَ، وَأَعْطَى سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ ؓ سَيْفَ ابْنِ أَبِي الْحَقِيقِ، وَكَانَ سَيْفًا لَهُ ذِكْرٌ عِنْدَهُمْ. وَذَكَرَ الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ فُتُوحِ الْبُلْدَانِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِلْأَنْصَارِ: «لَيْسَ لِإِخْوَانِكُمْ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ أَمْوَالٌ، فَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ قَسَمْتُمْ هَذِهِ وَأَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ جَمِيعًا، وَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ أَمْسَكْتُمْ أَمْوَالَكُمْ وَقَسَمْتُ هَذِهِ فِيهِمْ خَاصَّةً». قَالُوا: بَلِ اقْسِمْ هَذِهِ فِيهِمْ وَاقْسِمْ لَهُمْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِنَا مَا شِئْتَ فَنَزَلَتْ: وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ [الْحَشْرِ 9]. قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ: جَزَاكُمُ اللَّهُ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ خَيْرًا، فَواللَّهِ مَا مِثْلُنَا وَمِثْلُكُمْ إِلَّا كَمَا قَالَ الْغَنَوِيُّ- وَهُوَ بِالْغَيْنِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ وَالنُّونِ-: جَزَى اللَّهُ عَنَّا جَعْفَرًا حِينَ أَزْلَقَتْ بِنَا نَعْلُنَا فِي الْوَاطِئِينَ فَزَلَّتْ أَبَوْا أَنْ يَمَلُّونَا وَلَوْ أَمِنَّا تَلَاقِيَ الَّذِي يَلْقَوْنَ مِنَّا لَمَلَّتْ وَثَبَتَ فِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَتْ أَمْوَالُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ، مِمَّا لَمْ يُوجِفِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَيْهِ بَخِيلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ، فَكَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَاصَّةً، فَكَانَ يَعْزِلُ نَفَقَةَ أَهْلِهِ سَنَةً، ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِيَ فِي الْكُرَاعِ وَالسِّلَاحِ عُدَّةً فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. ثُمَّ بَيَّنَ تَعَالَى حُكْمَ الْفَيْءِ، وَأَنَّهُ لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ وَالتَّابِعِينَ لَهُمْ بِإِحْسَانٍ عَلَى مِنْوَالِهِمْ وَطَرِيقَتِهِمْ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ كَيْ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةً بَيْنَ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ مِنْكُمْ وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: حَدَّثَنَا عَارِمٌ، وَعَفَّانُ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا مُعْتَمِرٌ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ: حَدَّثَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ كَانَ يَجْعَلُ لَهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ النَّخْلَاتِ، أَوْ كَمَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ، حَتَّى فُتِحَتْ عَلَيْهِ قُرَيْظَةُ وَالنَّضِيرُ. قَالَ: فَجَعَلَ يَرُدُّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ: وَإِنَّ أَهْلِي أَمَرُونِي أَنْ آتِيَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَسْأَلَهُ الَّذِي كَانَ أَهْلُهُ أَعْطُوهُ أَوْ بَعْضَهُ، وَكَانَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْطَاهُ أُمَّ أَيْمَنَ أَوْ كَمَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ. قَالَ: فَسَأَلَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَعْطَانِيهِنَّ، فَجَاءَتْ أُمُّ أَيْمَنَ فَجَعَلَتِ الثَّوْبَ فِي عُنُقِي وَجَعَلَتْ تَقُولُ: كَلَّا وَاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ، لَا يُعْطِيكَهُنَّ وَقَدْ أَعْطَانِيهِنَّ. أَوْ كَمَا قَالَتْ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَكِ كَذَا وَكَذَا. وَتَقُولُ: كَلَّا وَاللَّهِ. قَالَ: وَيَقُولُ لَكِ: كَذَا وَكَذَا. وَتَقُولُ: كَلَّا وَاللَّهِ. قَالَ: وَيَقُولُ: لَكِ كَذَا وَكَذَا. حَتَّى أَعْطَاهَا - حَسِبْتُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ - عَشَرَةَ أَمْثَالِهِ. أَوْ قَالَ: قَرِيبًا مِنْ عَشَرَةِ أَمْثَالِهِ. أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ.
Translation
✧ And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took possession of the wealth and the armor, and he found fifty coats of mail, fifty helmets, and three hundred and forty swords. And ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb said: O Messenger of Allah, will you not take a fifth of what you have acquired? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “I will not make anything that Allah Almighty has assigned to me, to the exclusion of the believers, subject to the fifth,” citing His words: “What Allah has bestowed upon His Messenger from the people of the towns” [al-Ḥashr: 7], the verse, in the manner of what occurred concerning the two shares. Banū al-Naḍīr was among the pure gains of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, which he made an endowment for his emergencies. He used to spend on his family from it; it was exclusively his, so he gave from it to whom he gave and withheld what he withheld. He used to cultivate beneath the palm trees, and he used to store from it a year's provision of barley and dates for his wives and the Banū ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, and what remained he placed in horses and weapons. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ moved from Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf to Madinah, the Muhājirūn moved, and the Anṣār competed over hosting them. They would not settle among them until they drew lots for them with arrows, so no one of the Muhājirūn settled with anyone of the Anṣār except by drawing an arrow. Thus the Muhājirūn were in the homes and properties of the Anṣār. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gained Banū al-Naḍīr as spoil, he summoned Thābit b. Qays b. Shammās and said: “Summon your people for me.” Thābit said: “The Khazraj, O Messenger of Allah?” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “All of the Anṣār!” So he summoned the Aws and the Khazraj for him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ spoke, praised Allah Almighty and extolled Him as He deserves, then mentioned the Anṣār and what they had done for the Muhājirūn, lodging them in their homes and preferring them over themselves. Then he said: “If you wish, I will divide between you and the Muhājirūn from what Allah Almighty has bestowed upon me from Banū al-Naḍīr, and the Muhājirūn will remain as they are, dwelling in your homes and properties; and if you wish, I will give it to them and they will leave your homes.” Then Saʿd b. ʿUbādah and Saʿd b. Muʿādh ؓ spoke, may Allah reward them well, and they said: “O Messenger of Allah, rather divide it among the Muhājirūn, and they will remain in our homes as they have been.” And the Anṣār cried out ؓ, may Allah reward them well: “We are content and we submit, O Messenger of Allah.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “O Allah, have mercy on the Anṣār and the children of the Anṣār.” Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ divided what Allah Almighty had bestowed upon him, and he gave to the Muhājirūn, and he did not give anyone of the Anṣār anything of that fayʾ except two men who were in need: Sahl b. Ḥunayf and Abū Dujānah. And he gave Saʿd b. Muʿādh ؓ the sword of Ibn Abī al-Ḥuqayq, which was a sword renowned among them. Al-Balādhurī mentioned in the book Futūḥ al-Buldān that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to the Anṣār: “Your brothers among the Muhājirūn have no wealth. If you wish, you may divide these and your own wealth between you and them all together; and if you wish, you may keep your wealth and I will divide these among them exclusively.” They said: “Rather divide these among them and divide for them from our wealth whatever you wish.” Then the verse was revealed: “And they prefer [others] over themselves, even though they are in privation” [al-Ḥashr: 9]. Abū Bakr ؓ said: “May Allah reward you, O assembly of the Anṣār, with good. By Allah, the likes of us and you are only as the Ghānawī said—with the dotted ghayn and nūn—: May Allah reward Jaʿfar on our behalf when our sandals slipped among those who tread and faltered. They refused to weary of us, even if we were secure from the meeting they receive from us; they would have wearied.” And it is established in the two Ṣaḥīḥs from the Commander of the Faithful ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb that he said: The wealth of Banū al-Naḍīr was among what Allah bestowed upon His Messenger ﷺ, among that for which the Muslims did not spur horses or camels. It was exclusively for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He used to set aside the expenditure of his family for a year, then make what remained into horses and weapons, as preparation in the path of Allah, Mighty and Majestic. Then Allah Almighty explained the ruling of the fayʾ, and that it is for the Muhājirūn and the Anṣār and those who follow them in goodness, according to their manner and way, and for relatives, orphans, the needy, and the wayfarer, so that it may not become a perpetual distribution among the rich among you. And whatever the Messenger gives you, take it, and whatever he forbids you, abstain from it, and fear Allah; indeed Allah is severe in punishment. Imām Aḥmad said: ʿĀrim and ʿAffān narrated to us, they said: Muʿtamir narrated to us, saying: I heard my father say: Anas b. Mālik narrated to us, from the Prophet of Allah ﷺ, that a man used to assign to him from his wealth some palm trees, or as Allah willed, until Qurayẓah and al-Naḍīr were conquered for him. He said: Then after that he began to return them. He said: My family commanded me to go to the Prophet ﷺ and ask him for what his family had given him, or part of it. The Prophet of Allah ﷺ had given it to Umm Ayman, or as Allah willed. He said: I asked the Prophet ﷺ, and he gave them to me. Then Umm Ayman came and put the garment around my neck and began saying: “No, by Allah besides whom there is no deity, he will not give them to you, for he had given them to me,” or as she said. The Prophet ﷺ said to her: “You shall have such and such.” And she said: “No, by Allah.” He said: And he said to her: “You shall have such and such.” And she said: “No, by Allah.” He said: And he said: “You shall have such and such,” until he gave her—I think he said—ten times its like, or he said: close to ten times its like, or as he said.
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