Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1011
The Great Expedition of Badr
إسْلَامُ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ [ صَفْوَانُ يُحَرِّضُهُ عَلَى قَتْلِ الرَّسُولِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: جَلَسَ عُمَيْرُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ الْجُمَحِيُّ مَعَ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ بَعْدَ مُصَابِ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فِي الْحِجْرِ بِيَسِيرٍ، وَكَانَ عُمَيْرُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ شَيْطَانًا مِنْ شَيَاطِينِ قُرَيْشٍ، وَمِمَّنْ كَانَ يُؤْذِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابَهُ، وَيَلْقَوْنَ مِنْهُ عَنَاءً وَهُوَ بِمَكَّةَ، وَكَانَ ابْنُهُ وَهْبُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ فِي أُسَارَى بَدْرٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: أَسَرَهُ رِفَاعَةُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ أَحَدُ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، قَالَ: فَذَكَرَ أَصْحَابَ الْقَلِيبِ وَمُصَابَهُمْ، فَقَالَ صَفْوَانُ: وَاَللَّهِ إنْ فِي الْعَيْشِ بَعْدَهُمْ خَيْرٌ، قَالَ لَهُ عُمَيْرٌ: صَدَقَتْ وَاَللَّهِ، أَمَا وَاَللَّهِ لَوْلَا دَيْنٌ عَلَيَّ لَيْسَ لَهُ عِنْدِي قَضَاءٌ وَعِيَالٌ أَخْشَى عَلَيْهِمْ الضَّيْعَةَ بَعْدِي، لَرَكِبْتُ إلَى مُحَمَّدٍ حَتَّى أَقْتُلَهُ، فَإِنَّ لِي قِبَلَهُمْ عِلَّةً: ابْنِي أَسِيرٌ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ، قَالَ: فَاغْتَنَمَهَا صَفْوَانُ وَقَالَ: عَلَيَّ دَيْنُكَ، أَنَا أَقْضِيهِ عَنْكَ، وَعِيَالُكَ مَعَ عِيَالِي أُوَاسِيهِمْ مَا بَقُوا، لَا يَسَعُنِي شَيْءٌ وَيَعْجِزُ عَنْهُمْ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَيْرٌ: فَاكْتُمْ شَأْنِي وَشَأْنَكَ، قَالَ: أَفْعَلُ. [ رُؤْيَةُ عُمَرَ لَهُ وَإِخْبَارُهُ الرَّسُولَ بِأَمْرِهِ ] قَالَ: ثُمَّ أَمَرَ عُمَيْرٌ بِسَيْفِهِ، فَشُحِذَ لَهُ وَسُمَّ، ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَبَيْنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فِي نَفَرٍ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَتَحَدَّثُونَ عَنْ يَوْمِ بَدْرٍ، وَيَذْكُرُونَ مَا أَكْرَمَهُمْ اللَّهُ بِهِ، وَمَا أَرَاهُمْ مِنْ عَدُوِّهِمْ، إذْ نَظَرَ عُمَرُ إلَى عُمَيْرِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ حِينَ أَنَاخَ عَلَى بَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ مُتَوَشِّحًا السَّيْفَ، فَقَالَ: هَذَا الْكَلْبُ عَدُوُّ اللَّهِ عُمَيْرُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، وَاَللَّهِ مَا جَاءَ إلَّا لِشَرٍّ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي حَرَّشَ بَيْنَنَا، وَحَزَرْنَا لِلْقَوْمِ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ. ثُمَّ دَخَلَ عُمَرُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، هَذَا عَدُوُّ اللَّهِ عُمَيْرُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ قَدْ جَاءَ مُتَوَشِّحًا سَيْفَهُ، قَالَ: فَأَدْخَلَهُ عَلَيَّ، قَالَ: فَأَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ حَتَّى أَخَذَ بِحِمَالَةِ سَيْفِهِ فِي عُنُقِهِ فَلَبَّبَهُ بِهَا، وَقَالَ لِرِجَالٍ مِمَّنْ كَانُوا مَعَهُ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ: اُدْخُلُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاجْلِسُوا عِنْدَهُ، وَاحْذَرُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ هَذَا الْخَبِيثِ، فَإِنَّهُ غَيْرُ مَأْمُونٍ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ بِهِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ [ الرَّسُولُ يُحَدِّثُهُ بِمَا بَيَّتَهُ هُوَ وَصَفْوَانُ فَيُسْلِمُ ] فَلَمَّا رَآهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَعُمَرُ آخِذٌ بِحِمَالَةِ سَيْفِهِ فِي عُنُقِهِ، قَالَ: أَرْسِلْهُ يَا عُمَرُ، اُدْنُ يَا عُمَيْرُ، فَدَنَا ثُمَّ قَالَ: انْعَمُوا صَبَاحًا، وَكَانَتْ تَحِيَّةُ أَهْلِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: قَدْ أَكْرَمَنَا اللَّهُ بِتَحِيَّةِ خَيْرٍ مِنْ تَحِيَّتِكَ يَا عُمَيْرُ، بِالسَّلَامِ: تَحِيَّةُ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ: فَقَالَ: أَمَا وَاَللَّهِ يَا مُحَمَّدُ إنْ كُنْتُ بِهَا لَحَدِيثُ عَهْدٍ، قَالَ: فَمَا جَاءَ بِكَ يَا عُمَيْرُ ؟ قَالَ: جِئْتُ لِهَذَا الْأَسِيرِ الَّذِي فِي أَيْدِيكُمْ فَأَحْسِنُوا فِيهِ، قَالَ: فَمَا بَالُ السَّيْفِ فِي عُنُقِكَ ؟ قَالَ: قَبَّحَهَا اللَّهُ مِنْ سُيُوفٍ، وَهَلْ أَغْنَتْ عَنَّا شَيْئًا ؟ قَالَ: اُصْدُقْنِي، مَا الَّذِي جِئْتَ لَهُ ؟ قَالَ: مَا جِئْتُ إلَّا لِذَلِكَ، قَالَ: بَلْ قَعَدْتَ أَنْتَ وَصَفْوَانُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ فِي الْحِجْرِ، فَذَكَرْتُمَا أَصْحَابَ الْقَلِيبِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ: لَوْلَا دَيْنٌ عَلَيَّ وَعِيَالٌ عِنْدِي لَخَرَجْتُ حَتَّى أَقْتُلَ مُحَمَّدًا، فَتَحَمَّلَ لَكَ صَفْوَانُ بِدَيْنِكَ وَعِيَالِكَ، عَلَى أَنْ تَقْتُلَنِي لَهُ، وَاَللَّهُ حَائِلٌ بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَ ذَلِكَ؛ قَالَ عُمَيْرٌ: أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، قَدْ كُنَّا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ نُكَذِّبُكَ بِمَا كُنْتُ تَأْتِينَا بِهِ مِنْ خَبَرِ السَّمَاءِ، وَمَا يَنْزِلُ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ الْوَحْيِ، وَهَذَا أَمْرٌ لَمْ يَحْضُرْهُ إلَّا أَنَا وَصَفْوَانُ، فَوَاَللَّهِ إنِّي لَأَعْلَمُ مَا أَتَاكَ بِهِ إلَّا اللَّهُ، فَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي هَدَانِي لِلْإِسْلَامِ، وَسَاقَنِي هَذَا الْمَسَاقَ، ثُمَّ شَهِدَ شَهَادَةَ الْحَقِّ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: فَقِّهُوا أَخَاكُمْ فِي دِينِهِ. وَأَقْرِئُوهُ الْقُرْآنَ، وَأَطْلِقُوا لَهُ أَسِيرَهُ، فَفَعَلُوا. [ رُجُوعُهُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ يَدْعُو إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ ] ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّي كُنْتُ جَاهِدًا عَلَى إطْفَاءِ نُورِ اللَّهِ، شَدِيدَ الْأَذَى لِمَنْ كَانَ عَلَى دِينِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَأَنَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَأْذَنَ لِي، فَأَقْدَمَ مَكَّةَ، فَأَدْعُوهُمْ إلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، وَإِلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ، وَإِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِيهِمْ، وَإِلَّا آذَيْتُهُمْ فِي دِينِهِمْ كَمَا كُنْتُ أُوذِي أَصْحَابَكَ فِي دِينِهِمْ ؟ قَالَ: فَأَذِنَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَحِقَ بِمَكَّةَ. وَكَانَ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ حِينَ خَرَجَ عُمَيْرُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، يَقُولُ: أَبْشِرُوا بِوَقْعَةٍ تَأْتِيكُمْ الْآنَ فِي أَيَّامٍ، تُنْسِيكُمْ وَقْعَةَ بَدْرٍ، وَكَانَ صَفْوَانُ يَسْأَلُ عَنْهُ الرُّكْبَانَ، حَتَّى قَدِمَ رَاكِبٌ فَأَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ إسْلَامِهِ، فَحَلَفَ أَنْ لَا يُكَلِّمَهُ أَبَدًا، وَلَا يَنْفَعَهُ بِنَفْعِ أَبَدًا. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عُمَيْرٌ مَكَّةَ، أَقَامَ بِهَا يَدْعُو إلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، وَيُؤْذِي مَنْ خَالَفَهُ أَذًى شَدِيدًا، فَأَسْلَمَ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ نَاسٌ كَثِيرٌ. [ هُوَ أَوِ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ الَّذِي رَأَى إِبْلِيسَ وَمَا نَزَلَ فِيهِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَعُمَيْرُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَوْ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، قَدْ ذُكِرَ لِي أَحَدُهُمَا، الَّذِي رَأَى إبْلِيسَ حِينَ نَكَصَ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، فَقَالَ: أَيْنَ، أَيْ سُرَاقَةُ ؟ وَمَثَلَ عَدُوُّ اللَّهِ فَذَهَبَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهِ. وَإِذْ زَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ وَقَالَ لَا غَالِبَ لَكُمُ الْيَوْمَ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَإِنِّي جَارٌ لَكُمْ فَذَكَرَ اسْتِدْرَاجَ إبْلِيسَ إيَّاهُمْ، وَتَشَبُّهَهُ بِسُرَاقَةَ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ جُعْشُمٍ لَهُمْ، حِينَ ذَكَرُوا مَا بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ بَنِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَاةَ بْنِ كِنَانَةَ فِي الْحَرْبِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمْ. يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: فَلَمَّا تَرَاءَتِ الْفِئَتَانِ وَنَظَرَ عَدُوُّ اللَّهِ إلَى جُنُودِ اللَّهِ مِنْ الْمَلَائِكَةِ، قَدْ أَيَّدَ اللَّهُ بِهِمْ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى عَدُوِّهِمْ نَكَصَ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ وَقَالَ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْكُمْ إِنِّي أَرَى مَا لَا تَرَوْنَ وَصَدَقَ عَدُوُّ اللَّهِ، رَأَى مَا لَمْ يَرَوْا، وَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ وَاللَّهُ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ فَذُكِرَ لِي أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَرَوْنَهُ فِي كُلِّ مَنْزِلٍ فِي صُورَةِ سُرَاقَةَ لَا يُنْكِرُونَهُ، حَتَّى إذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ، وَالْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِ نَكَصَ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ، فَأَوْرَدَهُمْ ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَهُمْ. [ تَفْسِيرُ ابْنِ هِشَامٍ لِبَعْضِ الْغَرِيبِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: نَكَصَ: رَجَعَ. قَالَ أَوْسُ بْنُ حَجَرٍ، أَحَدُ بَنِي أُسَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ تَمِيمٍ:: نَكَصْتُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْ يَوْمَ جِئْتُمْ تُزَجُّونَ أَنْفَالَ الْخَمِيسِ الْعَرَمْرَمِ وَهَذَا الْبَيْتُ فِي قَصِيدَةٍ لَهُ. [ شِعْرٌ لِحَسَّانَ فِي الْفَخْرِ بِقَوْمِهِ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ تَغْرِيرِ إبْلِيسَ بِقُرَيْشٍ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَقَالَ حَسَّانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ: : قَوْمِي الَّذِينَ هُمْ آوَوْا نَبِيَّهُمْ وَصَدَّقُوهُ وَأَهْلُ الْأَرْضِ كُفَّارُ إلَّا خَصَائِصَ أَقْوَامٍ هُمْ سَلَفٌ لِلصَّالِحِينَ مَعَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَنْصَارُ مُسْتَبْشِرِينَ بِقَسْمِ اللَّهِ قَوْلُهُمْ لَمَّا أَتَاهُمْ كَرِيمُ الْأَصْلِ مُخْتَارُ أَهْلًا وَسَهْلًا فَفِي أَمْنٍ وَفِي سَعَةٍ نِعْمَ النَّبِيُّ وَنِعْمَ الْقَسْمُ وَالْجَارُ فَأَنْزَلُوهُ بِدَارِ لَا يُخَافُ بِهَا مَنْ كَانَ جَارَهُمْ دَارًا هِيَ الدَّارُ وَقَاسَمُوهُ بِهَا الْأَمْوَالَ إذْ قَدِمُوا مُهَاجِرِينَ وَقَسْمُ الْجَاحِدِ النَّارُ سِرْنَا وَسَارُوا إلَى بَدْرٍ لِحَيْنِهِمْ لَوْ يَعْلَمُونَ يَقِينَ الْعِلْمِ مَا سَارُوا دَلَّاهُمْ بِغُرُورٍ ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَهُمْ إنَّ الْخَبِيثَ لِمَنْ وَالَاهُ غَرَّارُ وَقَالَ إنِّي لَكُمْ جَارٌ فَأَوْرَدَهُمْ شَرَّ الْمَوَارِدِ فِيهِ الْخِزْي وَالْعَارُ ثُمَّ الْتَقَيْنَا فَوَلَّوْا عَنْ سَرَاتِهِمْ مِنْ مُنْجِدِينَ وَمِنْهُمْ فِرْقَةٌ غَارُوا قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ أَنْشَدَنِي قَوْلَهُ لَمَّا أَتَاهُمْ كَرِيمُ الْأَصْلِ مُخْتَارُ أَبُو زَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ.
Translation
✧ The Conversion of ʿUmayr b. Wahb [Ṣafwān Incites Him to Kill the Messenger] Ibn Isḥāq said: Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar b. al-Zubayr related to me, from ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr, who said: ʿUmayr b. Wahb al-Jumaḥī sat with Ṣafwān b. Umayyah in the Ḥijr shortly after the affliction of the people of Badr from Quraysh. ʿUmayr b. Wahb was a devil among the devils of Quraysh, and one of those who used to harm the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions, and they suffered distress from him while he was in Makkah. His son Wahb b. ʿUmayr was among the captives of Badr. Ibn Hishām said: Rifāʿah b. Rāfiʿ, one of the Banū Zurayq, captured him. Ibn Isḥāq said: Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar b. al-Zubayr related to me, from ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr, who said: He mentioned the companions of the well and their affliction. Ṣafwān said: "By Allah, there is no good in life after them." ʿUmayr said to him: "You have spoken truly, by Allah. Indeed, by Allah, were it not for a debt upon me for which I have no means of payment, and dependents for whom I fear destitution after me, I would ride to Muḥammad until I kill him. For I have a grievance against them: my son is a captive in their hands." He said: Ṣafwān seized the opportunity and said: "Upon me be your debt; I shall pay it on your behalf. And your dependents shall be with my dependents; I shall support them as long as they remain. Nothing within my means will be withheld from them." ʿUmayr said to him: "Keep my affair and your affair secret." He said: "I will." [ʿUmar Sees Him and Informs the Messenger of His Matter] He said: Then ʿUmayr ordered his sword to be sharpened and poisoned. Then he set out until he arrived in Madinah. While ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb was among a group of Muslims conversing about the day of Badr, mentioning what Allah had honoured them with and what He had shown them of their enemy, ʿUmar looked at ʿUmayr b. Wahb when he made his camel kneel at the gate of the mosque, girded with his sword. He said: "This dog, the enemy of Allah, ʿUmayr b. Wahb! By Allah, he has not come except for evil. He is the one who stirred up discord among us and estimated our numbers for the people on the day of Badr." Then ʿUmar entered upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: "O Prophet of Allah, this enemy of Allah, ʿUmayr b. Wahb, has come girded with his sword." He said: "Bring him in to me." ʿUmar went forward, took hold of the strap of his sword around his neck, and seized him by it. He said to some men of the Anṣār who were with him: "Enter upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and sit with him, and beware of this wicked man on his behalf, for he is not to be trusted." Then he brought him in to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. [The Messenger Tells Him of What He and Ṣafwān Had Plotted, and He Converts] When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw him, with ʿUmar holding the strap of his sword around his neck, he said: "Release him, O ʿUmar. Draw near, O ʿUmayr." He drew near and said: "Good morning," which was the greeting of the people of the Jāhiliyyah among themselves. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Allah has honoured us with a greeting better than your greeting, O ʿUmayr: with salām, the greeting of the people of Paradise." He said: "By Allah, O Muḥammad, I was until recently accustomed to it." He said: "What has brought you, O ʿUmayr?" He said: "I have come concerning this captive who is in your hands, so treat him well." He said: "Then what is the matter with the sword on your neck?" He said: "May Allah disfigure such swords! Have they availed us anything?" He said: "Tell me the truth: what have you come for?" He said: "I have come only for that." He said: "Rather, you sat with Ṣafwān b. Umayyah in the Ḥijr, and you two mentioned the companions of the well from Quraysh. Then you said: 'Were it not for a debt upon me and dependents with me, I would go out until I kill Muḥammad.' Ṣafwān undertook your debt and your dependents on condition that you kill me for him. And Allah is a barrier between you and that." ʿUmayr said: "I bear witness that you are the Messenger of Allah. O Messenger of Allah, we used to deny you regarding what you brought us of news from heaven and what was sent down to you of revelation. But this is a matter at which none was present except I and Ṣafwān. By Allah, I know that nothing brought it to you except Allah. Praise be to Allah who guided me to Islam and led me to this path." Then he bore witness to the testimony of truth. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Instruct your brother in his religion, teach him the Qurʾān, and release his captive to him." They did so. [His Return to Makkah Calling to Islam] Then he said: "O Messenger of Allah, I was striving to extinguish the light of Allah and was severe in harming those who followed the religion of Allah, Mighty and Majestic. I would love for you to permit me to go to Makkah and call them to Allah Almighty, to His Messenger ﷺ, and to Islam. Perhaps Allah will guide them; otherwise I will harm them in their religion as I used to harm your companions in their religion." He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ permitted him, and he went to Makkah. When ʿUmayr b. Wahb had departed, Ṣafwān b. Umayyah used to say: "Rejoice at a battle that will come to you now within days, making you forget the battle of Badr." Ṣafwān kept asking travellers about him until a rider arrived and informed him of his conversion. He swore that he would never speak to him again and never benefit him with any benefit ever. Ibn Isḥāq said: When ʿUmayr arrived in Makkah, he stayed there calling to Islam and severely harming those who opposed him. Many people accepted Islam at his hands. [He or Ibn Hishām Is the One Who Saw Iblīs and What Was Revealed Concerning Him] Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿUmayr b. Wahb, or al-Ḥārith b. Hishām—one of the two was mentioned to me—was the one who saw Iblīs when he turned back on his heels on the day of Badr, saying: "Where, O Surāqah?" The enemy of Allah took shape and departed. Allah Almighty revealed concerning him: "And when Satan made their deeds seem fair to them and said: 'No one among the people shall overcome you today, and I am your protector.'" He mentioned how Iblīs deceived them by degrees and took the form of Surāqah b. Mālik b. Juʿshum for them, when they remembered what was between them and the Banū Bakr b. ʿAbd Manāt b. Kinānah in the war that had occurred between them. Allah Almighty says: "When the two hosts came in sight of each other, and the enemy of Allah saw the hosts of Allah among the angels, with whom Allah had strengthened His Messenger ﷺ and the believers against their enemy, he turned back on his heels and said: 'I am quit of you; I see what you do not see.'" The enemy of Allah spoke truth: he saw what they did not see, and he said: "I fear Allah, and Allah is severe in punishment." It was mentioned to me that they used to see him at every encampment in the form of Surāqah, not denying him, until on the day of Badr when the two hosts met, he turned back on his heels, led them on, and then abandoned them. [Ibn Hishām's Explanation of Some Unusual Words] Ibn Hishām said: "nakasa" means he went back. Aws b. Ḥajar, one of the Banū Usayd b. ʿAmr b. Tamīm, said: You turned back on your heels the day you came, driving the spoils of the mighty, thronging army. This verse is from a poem of his. [Poetry by Ḥassān in Pride of His People and of Iblīs's Deceiving Quraysh] Ibn Isḥāq said: Ḥassān b. Thābit said: My people are those who sheltered their Prophet and believed him, while the people of the earth were disbelievers— except for choice bands who were predecessors of the righteous; with the Anṣār are helpers. Rejoicing in Allah's apportionment was their word when a noble of origin, chosen, came to them: "Welcome and ease! In safety and in abundance— excellent is the Prophet, excellent the apportionment and the neighbour!" They lodged him in an abode where no one fears, when he was their neighbour—an abode that is truly the abode. They shared their wealth with him when they came as emigrants; but the share of the denier is the Fire. We marched, and they marched to Badr, to their appointed time— had they known with certain knowledge, they would not have marched. He led them on with deception, then abandoned them; the wicked one is a deceiver to those who befriend him. He said: "I am a protector for you," and led them to the worst of watering places, in which are disgrace and shame. Then we met, and they turned away from their chiefs— some descending to the lowlands, and among them a group vanished. Ibn Hishām said: Abū Zayd al-Anṣārī recited to me his verse: "when a noble of origin, chosen, came to them."
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