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العربية

Musnad al-Bazzar 6138

✧ From the hadith of Salim from b. Umar

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وَحَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ سُكَيْنٍ، نَا أَبُو هَمَّامٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الزِّبْرِقَانِ، نَا مُوسَى بْنُ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، وَصَدَقَةَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ:

نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ السُّورَةُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِمِنًى وَهُوَ فِي أَوْسَطِ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللهِ وَالْفَتْحُ فَعَرَفَ أَنَّهُ الْوَدَاعُ فَأَمَرَ بِرَاحِلَتِهِ الْقَصْوَاءِ فَرُحِلَتْ لَهُ ثُمَّ رَكِبَ فَوَقَفَ لِلنَّاسِ بِالْعَقَبَةِ وَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ مَا شَاءَ اللهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ بِمَا هُوَ أَهْلُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ، أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ فَإِنَّ كُلَّ دَمٍ كَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَهُوَ هَدَرٌ، وَإِنَّ أَوَّلَ دِمَائِكُمْ أَهْدِرُ دَمُ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ كَانَ مُسْتَرْضَعًا فِي بَنِي لَيْثٍ فَقَتَلَتْهُ هُذَيْلٌ، وَكُلُّ رِبًا كَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَهُوَ مَوْضُوعٌ، وَإِنَّ أَوَّلَ رِبَاكُمْ أَضَعُ رِبَا الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ. أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّ الزَّمَانَ قَدِ اسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ اللهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ، وَإِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِنْدَ اللهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا، مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ: رَجَبُ مُضَرَ الَّذِي بَيْنَ جُمَادَى وَشَعْبَانَ، وَذُو الْقَعْدَةِ، وَذُو الْحَجَّةِ، وَالْمُحَرَّمُ. ذَلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنْفُسَكُمْ إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ يُضَلُّ بِهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُحِلُّونَهُ عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُ عَامًا لِيُوَاطِئُوا عِدَّةَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللهُ. كَانُوا يُحِلُّونَ صَفَرَ عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُونَ الْمُحَرَّمَ عَامًا، وَيُحَرِّمُونَ صَفَرَ عَامًا وَيُحِلُّونَ الْمُحَرَّمَ عَامًا، فَذَلِكَ النَّسِيءُ. يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، مَنْ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ وَدِيعَةٌ فَلْيُؤَدِّهَا إِلَى مَنِ ائْتَمَنَهُ عَلَيْهَا. أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ قَدْ يَئِسَ أَنْ يُعْبَدَ بِبِلَادِكُمْ آخِرَ الزَّمَانِ، وَقَدْ يَرْضَى مِنْكُمْ بِمُحَقَّرَاتِ الْأَعْمَالِ، فَاحْذَرُوا عَلَى دِينِكُمْ بِمُحَقَّرَاتِ الْأَعْمَالِ. يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّ النِّسَاءَ عِنْدَكُمْ عَوَانٌ أَخَذْتُمُوهُنَّ بِأَمَانَةِ اللهِ وَاسْتَحْلَلْتُمْ فُرُوجَهُنَّ بِكَلِمَةِ اللهِ، لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ وَلَهُنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ حَقٌّ، وَمِنْ حَقِّكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ أَلَا يُوطِئْنَ فُرُشَكُمْ غَيْرَكُمْ، وَلَا يَعْصِيَنَّكُمْ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ، فَإِنْ فَعَلْنَ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا، وَلَهُنَّ رِزْقُهُنَّ وَكِسْوَتُهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، فَإِنْ ضَرَبْتُمْ فَاضْرِبُوا ضَرْبًا غَيْرَ مُبَرِّحٍ، لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرِئٍ مِنْ مَالِ أَخِيهِ إِلَّا مَا طَابَتْ بِهِ نَفْسُهُ. أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنِّي قَدْ تَرَكْتُ فِيكُمْ مَا إِنْ أَخَذْتُمْ بِهِ لَمْ تَضِلُّوا، كِتَابَ اللهِ فَاعْمَلُوا بِهِ. أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، أَيُّ يَوْمٍ هَذَا ؟ قَالُوا: يَوْمٌ حَرَامٌ. قَالَ: فَأَيُّ بَلَدٍ هَذَا ؟ قَالُوا: بَلَدٌ حَرَامٌ. قَالَ: فَأَيُّ شَهْرٍ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ: شَهْرٌ حَرَامٌ. قَالَ: فَإِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى حَرَّمَ دِمَاءَكُمْ وَأَمْوَالَكُمْ وَأَعْرَاضَكُمْ كَحُرْمَةِ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ وَهَذَا الشَّهْرِ وَهَذَا الْبَلَدِ. أَلَا لِيُبَلِّغْ شَاهِدُكُمْ غَائِبَكُمْ، لَا نَبِيَّ بَعْدِي، وَلَا أُمَّةَ بَعْدَكُمْ. ثُمَّ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ.

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. al-Walīd b. ʿAmr b. Sukayn
  2. Abū Hammām Muḥammad b. al-Zibriqān
  3. Mūsá b. ʿUbaydah
  4. ʿAbdullāh b. Dīnār And Ṣadaqah b. Yasār
  5. Ibn ʿUmar

✧ This surah was revealed to the Messenger of God ﷺ at Mina, during the middle of the days of Tashriq, in the Farewell Pilgrimage: 'When the victory of God and the conquest comes.' He knew that it was the farewell, so he ordered his she-camel, al-Qaswa, to be saddled for him, then he mounted and stood for the people at al-Aqaba. The Muslims gathered to him as God willed. He praised God and lauded Him as He deserves, then said: 'Now then, O people, every blood that was shed in the Jahiliyyah is forfeited, and the first of your blood I forfeit is the blood of Rabi'a b. al-Harith, who was being fostered among Banu Layth and was killed by Hudhayl. Every usury in the Jahiliyyah is abolished, and the first of your usury I abolish is the usury of al-Abbas b. Abd al-Muttalib. O people, time has revolved to its state on the day God created the heavens and the earth. The number of months with God is twelve months, of which four are sacred: Rajab of Mudar, which is between Jumada and Sha'ban, and Dhu al-Qa'da, Dhu al-Hijja, and al-Muharram. That is the upright religion, so do not wrong yourselves therein. The postponement is only an increase in disbelief by which the disbelievers are led astray; they make it lawful one year and unlawful another year to match the number of what God has made sacred. They would make Safar lawful one year and unlawful al-Muharram one year, and make Safar unlawful one year and lawful al-Muharram one year; that is the postponement. O people, whoever has a trust, let him return it to the one who entrusted him with it. O people, Satan has despaired of being worshipped in your lands at the end of time, but he is pleased with the trivial acts of yours, so beware for your religion of the trivial acts. O people, women are like captives with you; you have taken them with the trust of God and made their private parts lawful with the word of God. You have rights over them and they have rights over you. Among your rights over them is that they should not allow anyone you dislike to tread on your beds, and they should not disobey you in what is proper. If they do that, then you have no way against them, and they have their provision and clothing in a proper manner. If you strike, then strike a blow that is not painful. It is not lawful for a man to take from his brother's wealth except what he gives willingly. O people, I have left among you that which, if you hold to it, you will not go astray: the Book of God, so act upon it. O people, which day is this?' They said: 'A sacred day.' He said: 'Which land is this?' They said: 'A sacred land.' He said: 'Which month is this?' They said: 'A sacred month.' He said: 'Indeed, God, Blessed and Exalted, has made your blood, your wealth, and your honor as sacred as this day, this month, and this land. Let those present convey to those absent. There is no prophet after me, and no community after you.' Then he raised his hands and said: 'O God, bear witness.'

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