Musnad al-Bazzar 321

✧ Aslam, the freed slave of 'Umar, from 'Umar

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حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: نَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: نَا أَبُو مَعْشَرٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَعَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ مَوْلَى غُفْرَةَ قَالَا: قَدِمَ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ مَالٌ مِنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ فَقَالَ: مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عِدَةٌ فَلْيَأْتِ فَلْيَأْخُذْهُ، قَالَ: فَجَاءَ جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ فَقَالَ: قَدْ وَعَدَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ:

إِذَا جَاءَنِي مِنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ مَالٌ أَعْطَيْتُكَ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ مِلْءَ كَفَّيْهِ قَالَ: خُذْ بِيَدَيْكَ، فَأَخَذَ بِيَدَيْهِ فَوَجَدَهُ خَمْسَمِائَةٍ، قَالَ: عُدْ إِلَيْهَا ثُمَّ أَعْطَاهُ مِثْلَهَا، ثُمَّ قَسَمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ مَا بَقِيَ فَأَصَابَ عَشَرَةَ الدَّرَاهِمِ يَعْنِي: لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْعَامُ الْمُقْبِلُ جَاءَهُ مَالٌ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَسَمَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَأَصَابَ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا، وَفَضَلَ مِنَ الْمَالِ فَضْلٌ، فَقَالَ لِلنَّاسِ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَدْ فَضَلَ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ فَضْلٌ وَلَكُمْ خَدَمٌ يُعَالِجُونَ لَكُمْ، وَيَعْمَلُونَ لَكُمْ إِنْ شِئْتُمْ رَضَخْنَا لَهُمْ فَرَضَخَ لَهُمْ خَمْسَةَ الدَّرَاهِمِ خَمْسَةَ الدَّرَاهِمِ، فَقَالُوا: يَا خَلِيفَةَ رَسُولِ اللهِ لَوْ فَضَّلْتَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ قَالَ: أَجْرُ أُولَئِكَ عَلَى اللهِ إِنَّمَا هَذِهِ مَعَايِشُ، الْأُسْوَةُ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْأَثَرَةِ، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ اسْتُخْلِفَ عُمَرُ ؓ، فَفَتَحَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ الْفُتُوحَ فَجَاءَهُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَالِ، فَقَالَ قَدْ كَانَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ رَأْيٌ وَلِي رَأْيٌ آخَرُ، لَا أَجْعَلُ مَنْ قَاتَلَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَمَنْ قَاتَلَ مَعَهُ، فَفَضَّلَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارَ، فَفَرَضَ لِمَنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مِنْهُمْ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ، وَمَنْ كَانَ إِسْلَامُهُ قَبْلَ إِسْلَامِ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ فَرَضَ لَهُ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ، وَفَرَضَ لِأَزْوَاجِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، لِكُلِّ امْرَأَةٍ إِلَّا صَفِيَّةَ وَجُوَيْرِيَةَ فَرَضَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ سِتَّةَ آلَافٍ سِتَّةَ آلَافٍ فَأَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَأْخُذْنَهَا، فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا فَرَضْتُ لَهُنَّ بِالْهِجْرَةِ، قُلْنَ مَا فَرَضْتَ لَهُنَّ مِنْ أَجْلِ الْهِجْرَةِ إِنَّمَا فَرَضْتَ لَهُنَّ مِنْ مَكَانِهِنَّ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَلَنَا مِثْلُ مَكَانِهِنَّ، فَأَبْصَرَ ذَلِكَ فَجَعَلَهُنَّ سَوَاءً مِثْلَهُنَّ، وَفَرَضَ لِلْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا لِقَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، وَفَرَضَ لِأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ، وَفَرَضَ لِلْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ فَأَلْحَقَهُمَا بِأَبِيهِمَا لِقَرَابَتِهِمَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، وَفَرَضَ لِعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَةِ فَرَضْتَ لِأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ وَفَرَضْتَ لِي ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ ؟ فَمَا كَانَ لِأَبِيهِ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكَ، وَمَا كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِي، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ أَبَاهُ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ أَبِيكَ وَهُوَ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ مِنْكَ، وَفَرَضَ لِأَبْنَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا أَلْفَيْنِ أَلْفَيْنِ، فَمَرَّ بِهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ فَقَالَ: زِيدُوهُ أَلْفًا أَوْ قَالَ: زِدْهُ أَلْفًا يَا غُلَامُ، فَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ لِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ تَزِيدُهُ عَلَيْنَا ؟ مَا كَانَ لِأَبِيهِ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِآبَائِنَا، قَالَ: فَرَضْتُ لَهُ بِأَبِي سَلَمَةَ أَلْفَيْنِ وَزِدْتُهُ بِأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ أَلْفًا، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ لَكَ أُمٌّ مِثْلُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ زِدْتُكَ أَلْفًا، وَفَرَضَ لِأَهْلِ مَكَّةَ ثَمَانَمِائَةٍ، وَفَرَضَ لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَخِي طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ يَعْنِي: عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ ثَمَانَمِائَةٍ، وَفَرَضَ لِابْنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ أَلْفَيْ دِرْهَمَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ: جَاءَكَ ابْنُ عُثْمَانَ مِثْلَهُ فَفَرَضْتَ لَهُ ثَمَانَمِائَةٍ، وَجَاءَكَ غُلَامٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَفَرَضْتَ لَهُ فِي أَلْفَيْنِ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي لَقِيتُ أَبَا هَذَا يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ فَسَأَلَنِي عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ مَا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا قَدْ قُتِلَ فَسَلَّ سَيْفَهُ وَكَشَّرَ زَنْدَهُ وَقَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ قُتِلَ فَإِنَّ اللهَ حَيٌّ لَا يَمُوتُ، فَقَاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ، وَهَذَا يَرْعَى الْغَنَمَ فَتُرِيدُونَ أَجْعَلُهُمَا سَوَاءً ؟ فَعَمِلَ عُمَرُ عُمْرَهُ بِهَذَا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ مِنْ آخِرِ السَّنَةِ الَّتِي حَجَّ فِيهَا قَالَ نَاسٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ: لَوْ قَدْ مَاتَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَقَمْنَا فُلَانًا، يَعْنُونَ طَلْحَةَ بْنَ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ وَقَالُوا، كَانَتْ بَيْعَةُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَلْتَةً فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ فِي أَوْسَطِ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ بِمِنًى فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّ هَذَا الْمَجْلِسَ يَغْلِبُ عَلَيْهِ غَوْغَاءُ النَّاسِ وَهُمْ لَا يَحْتَمِلُونَ كَلَامَكَ، فَأَمْهِلْ أَوْ أَخِّرْ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَ أَرْضَ الْهِجْرَةِ حَيْثُ أَصْحَابُكَ وَدَارُ الْإِيمَانِ وَالْمُهَاجِرُونَ وَالْأَنْصَارُ فَتَكَلَّمْ بِكَلَامِكَ أَوْ فَتَتَكَلَّمُ فَيُحْتَمَلَ كَلَامُكَ، قَالَ: فَأَسْرَعَ السَّيْرَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَخَرَجَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: قَدْ بَلَغَنِي مَقَالَةُ قَائِلِكُمْ: لَوْ قَدْ مَاتَ عُمَرُ أَوْ لَوْ قَدْ مَاتَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَقَمْنَا فُلَانًا فَبَايَعْنَاهُ، وَكَانَتْ إِمَارَةُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَلْتَةً، أَجَلْ وَاللهِ لَقَدْ كَانَتْ فَلْتَةً، وَمِنْ أَيْنَ لَنَا مِثْلُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ نَمُدُّ أَعْنَاقَنَا إِلَيْهِ كَمَا نَمُدُّ أَعْنَاقَنَا إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَإِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَأَى رَأْيًا فَرَأَيْتُ أَنَا رَأْيًا وَرَأَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَقْسِمَ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ وَرَأَيْتُ أَنَا أَنْ أُفَضِّلَ فَإِنْ أَعِشْ إِلَى هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ فَسَأَرْجِعُ إِلَى رَأْيِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَرَأْيُهُ خَيْرٌ مِنْ رَأْيِي، إِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ رُؤْيَا وَمَا أَرَى ذَاكَ إِلَّا عِنْدَ اقْتِرَابِ أَجَلِي، رَأَيْتُ كَأَنَّ دِيكًا أَحْمَرَ نَقَرَنِي ثَلَاثَ نَقَرَاتٍ - فَاسْتَعْبَرَتْ أَسْمَاءُ فَقَالَتْ: يَقْتُلُكَ عَبْدٌ أَعْجَمِيٌّ -، فَإِنْ أَهْلِكَ فَإِنَّ أَمْرَكُمْ إِلَى هَؤُلَاءِ السِّتَّةِ الَّذِي تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ عَنْهُمْ رَاضٍ: عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، وَالزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ، وَطَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ، وَسَعْدُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، وَإِنْ عِشْتُ فَسَأَعْهَدُ عَهْدًا لَا تَهْلِكُوا، أَلَا ثُمَّ إِنَّ الرَّجْمَ قَدْ رَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَرَجَمْنَا بَعْدَهُ وَلَوْلَا أَنْ تَقُولُوا كَتَبَ عُمَرُ مَا لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ لَكَتَبْتُهُ قَدْ قَرَأْنَا فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ: الشَّيْخُ وَالشَّيْخَةُ إِذَا زَنَيَا فَارْجُمُوهُمَا الْبَتَّةَ نَكَالًا مِنَ اللهِ وَاللهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ثُمَّ نَظَرْتُ إِلَى الْعَمَّةِ وَابْنَةِ الْأَخِ فَمَا جَعَلْتُهُمَا وَارِثَيْنِ وَلَا يَرِثَا، وَإِنْ أَعِشْ فَسَأَفْتَحُ لَكُمْ مِنْهُ طَرِيقًا تَعْرِفُونَهُ وَإِنْ أَهْلِكْ فَاللهُ خَلِيفَتِي وَتَخْتَارُونَ رَأْيَكُمْ، إِنِّي قَدْ دَوَّنْتُ الدِّيوَانَ وَمَصَّرْتُ الْأَمْصَارَ وَإِنَّمَا أَتَخَوَّفُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَحَدَ رَجُلَيْنِ رَجُلٌ تَأَوَّلَ الْقُرْآنَ عَلَى غَيْرِ تَأْوِيلِهِ فَيُقَاتِلْ عَلَيْهِ، وَرَجُلٌ يَرَى أَنَّهُ أَحَقُّ بِالْمُلْكِ مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ فَيُقَاتِلْ عَلَيْهِ. تَكَلَّمَ بِهَذَا الْكَلَامِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَمَاتَ ؓ يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ. وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ قَدْ رُوِيَ نَحْوُ كَلَامِهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ فِي صِفَةِ مَقْتَلِهِ مِنْ وُجُوهٍ، وَلَا نَعْلَمُ رُوِيَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ بِهَذَا التَّمَامِ إِلَّا مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي مَعْشَرٍ، عَنْ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ.

Translation

Chain of narrators

Zuhayr b. Muḥammad b. Qumayr
Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad
Abū Maʿshar
Zayd b. Aslam
his father
ʿUmar b. ʿAbdullāh a freed slave of Ghufrah
Qadim
Abū Bakr Māl Min al-Baḥrayn
Man Kān Lah
Rasūl Allāh ﷺ ʿIdah Falyaʾt Falyaʾkhudhh
Fajāʾ Jābir b. ʿAbdullāh
Qad And ʿAdanī Rasūl Allāh ﷺ

✧ When wealth comes to me from al-Baḥrayn, I will give you this much and this much and this much—three times—filling his two hands. He said: Take with your hands. So he took with his hands and found it to be five hundred. He said: Return to it. Then he gave him the like of it. Then he distributed the remainder among the people, and each received ten dirhams—that is, for each one. When the next year came, wealth greater than that came to him, and he distributed it among them, and each person received twenty dirhams, and there remained a surplus of wealth. He said to the people: O people, a surplus of this wealth remains, and you have servants who work for you and labor for you. If you wish, we will give them a small share. So he gave them five dirhams each. They said: O successor of the Messenger of Allah, if only you had favored the Muhājirūn. He said: The reward of those is with Allah; these are livelihoods, and equality in them is better than preference. When Abū Bakr ؓ died and ʿUmar ؓ was appointed caliph, Allah opened conquests for him, and wealth greater than that came to him. He said: Abū Bakr had an opinion concerning this wealth, and I have another opinion. I will not make one who fought the Messenger of Allah ﷺ like one who fought alongside him. So he favored the Muhājirūn and the Anṣār. He assigned five thousand, five thousand to those among them who participated in Badr; and to those whose Islam preceded the Islam of the people of Badr, he assigned four thousand, four thousand. He assigned twelve thousand to the wives of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ—to each wife—except Ṣafiyya and Juwayriyya, to each of whom he assigned six thousand, six thousand, but they refused to take it. He said: I assigned them according to their emigration. They said: You did not assign them because of emigration; you assigned them because of their status with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and we have the same status as them. He saw that and made them equal like them. He assigned twelve thousand to al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib because of his kinship to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He assigned four thousand to Usāma b. Zayd, and five thousand each to al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn, joining them to their father because of their kinship to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He assigned three thousand to ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar. He said: O father, you assigned four thousand to Usāma b. Zayd and three thousand to me? There was no virtue for his father that was not for you, and no virtue for him that was not for me. He said: His father was dearer to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ than your father, and he was dearer to the Messenger of Allah than you. He assigned two thousand each to the sons of the Muhājirūn and the Anṣār who participated in Badr. ʿUmar b. Abī Salama passed by him, and he said: Increase him by a thousand—or he said: Increase him by a thousand, O boy. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh said: For what reason do you increase him over us? There was no virtue for his father that was not for our fathers. He said: I assigned him two thousand because of Abū Salama, and I increased him by a thousand because of Umm Salama. If you have a mother like Umm Salama, I will increase you by a thousand. He assigned eight hundred to the people of Makkah, and to ʿUthmān b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUthmān—who was the nephew of Ṭalḥa b. ʿUbayd Allāh—he assigned eight hundred. He assigned two thousand dirhams to the son of al-Naḍr b. Anas. Ṭalḥa b. ʿUbayd Allāh said to him: Ibn ʿUthmān came to you, and you assigned him eight hundred, while a young man from the Anṣār came to you, and you assigned him two thousand. He said: I met this one's father on the day of Uḥud, and he asked me about the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. I said: I think he has been killed. He drew his sword and bared his forearm and said: If the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has been killed, then Allah is ever-living and does not die. Then he fought until he was killed. And this one tends sheep—do you want me to make them equal? ʿUmar acted according to this throughout his life, until the last year in which he performed Hajj. Some people said: If the Commander of the Believers dies, we will appoint so-and-so—meaning Ṭalḥa b. ʿUbayd Allāh—and they said: The pledge to Abū Bakr was a sudden affair (faltah). He wanted to speak in the middle of the days of Tashrīq at Minā, but ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf said to him: O Commander of the Believers, this gathering is dominated by the rabble, and they will not bear your speech. Wait or postpone until you come to the land of emigration, where your companions and the abode of faith, the Muhājirūn and the Anṣār, are, and then speak your words so that your speech will be borne. He said: He hastened his travel until he arrived in Madinah. He went out on Friday, praised and extolled Allah, then said: The saying of your sayer has reached me: If ʿUmar dies—or if the Commander of the Believers dies—we will appoint so-and-so and pledge allegiance to him, and the rule of Abū Bakr was a sudden affair. Yes, by Allah, it was a sudden affair, but where can we find someone like Abū Bakr to whom we can stretch our necks as we stretched them to Abū Bakr? Abū Bakr had an opinion, and I have an opinion. Abū Bakr saw to distribute equally, and I saw to favor. If I live until this year, I will return to Abū Bakr's opinion, for his opinion is better than mine. I have seen a vision, and I do not think it is anything but the approach of my term: I saw a red rooster peck me three pecks. Asmāʾ wept and said: A non-Arab slave will kill you. If I die, your affair is entrusted to these six with whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was pleased when he passed away: ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf, al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām, Ṭalḥa b. ʿUbayd Allāh, and Saʿd b. Mālik. If I live, I will make a covenant so that you will not perish. And indeed, stoning—the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stoned, and we stoned after him. Were it not that you would say ʿUmar wrote what is not in the Book of Allah, I would write it. We have indeed recited in the Book of Allah: 'The old man and the old woman, if they commit adultery, stone them absolutely as a punishment from Allah, and Allah is Mighty and Wise.' Then I looked into the paternal aunt and the brother's daughter, and I did not make them heirs, nor do they inherit. If I live, I will open for you a way regarding that which you will recognize; if I die, Allah is my successor, and you will choose according to your opinion. I have established the dīwān and founded the garrison towns. I fear for you only one of two men: a man who interprets the Qurʾān contrary to its proper interpretation and fights for it, and a man who thinks he is more entitled to sovereignty than his companion and fights for it. He spoke these words on Friday and died ؓ on Wednesday. And this hadith has been narrated in approximate wording from ʿUmar concerning the description of his killing through various chains, but we do not know of it being narrated from Zayd b. Aslam, from his father, in this complete form except through the hadith of Abū Maʿshar, from Zayd, from his father.

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