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العربية

Musnad al-Bazzar 10267

✧ Urwa b. al-Zubayr from Aisha

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حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ، قَالَ: / 152 - نَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، قَالَ: نَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، قَالَ: أَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: فَأَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ:

لَمْ أَعْقِلْ أَبَوَيَّ إِلَّا وَهُمَا يَدِينَانِ الدِّينَ، وَلَمْ يَمْضِ عَلَيْنَا يَوْمٌ إِلَّا يَأْتِينَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِيهِ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ بُكْرَةً وَعَشِيًّا، فَلَمَّا ابْتُلِيَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ خَرَجَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُهَاجِرًا نَحْوَ الْحَبَشَةِ حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَ الْغِمَادَ لَقِيَهُ ابْنُ الدَّغِنَةِ فَقَالَ: أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: أَخْرَجَنِي قَوْمِي فَأَنَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَسِيحَ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَأَعْبُدَ رَبِّي. فَقَالَ ابْنُ الدَّغِنَةِ: يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ إِنَّ مِثْلَكَ لَا يَخْرُجُ، إِنَّكَ تُكْسِبُ الْمُعْدَمَ وَتَصِلُ الرَّحِمَ وَتَحْمِلُ الْكَلَّ وَتَقْرِي الضَّيْفَ وَتُعِينُ عَلَى نَوَائِبِ الْحَقِّ، فَأَنَا لَكَ جَارٌ فَارْجِعْ فَاعْبُدْ رَبَّكَ بِبَلَدِكَ. فَرَجَعَ وَارْتَحَلَ مَعَهُ ابْنُ الدَّغِنَةِ فَطَافَ ابْنُ الدَّغِنَةِ فِي أَشْرَافِ قُرَيْشٍ عَشِيَّةً فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ لَا يَخْرُجُ مِثْلُهُ، وَلَا يَخْرُجُ رَجُلٌ يُكْسِبُ الْمُعْدَمَ وَيَصِلُ الرَّحِمَ وَيَحْمِلُ الْكَلَّ وَيَقْرِي الضَّيْفَ وَيُعِينُ عَلَى نَوَائِبِ الْحَقِّ، فَلَمْ تَكْرَهْ قُرَيْشٌ قَوْلَ ابْنِ الدَّغِنَةِ وَقَالُوا: مُرْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيَعْبُدْ رَبَّهُ فِي دَارِهِ فَلْيُصَلِّ فِيهَا وَلَا يُؤْذِينَا وَلَا يَسْتَعْلِنْ بِهِ، فَإِنَّا نَخْشَى أَنْ يَفْتِنَ أَبْنَاءَنَا وَنِسَاءَنَا. فَقَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ الدَّغِنَةِ: لَا يَسْتَعْلِنُ بِصَلَاتِهِ وَلَا يَقْرَأُ فِي غَيْرِ دَارِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ مَا قَالُوا لَهُ، وَمَا رَدُّوا عَلَيْهِ. فَاتَّخَذَ مَسْجِدًا بِفِنَاءِ دَارِهِ فَكَانَ يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ فَكَانَ يَمُرُّ عَلَيْهِ نِسَاءُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَأَبْنَاؤُهُمْ فَيَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْهِ وَكَانَ رَجُلًا بَكَّاءً لَا يَمْلِكُ عَيْنَهُ إِذَا قَرَأَ الْقُرْآنَ. فَأَفْزَعَ ذَلِكَ أَشْرَافَ قُرَيْشٍ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَى ابْنِ الدَّغِنَةِ فَقَالُوا: إِنَّا كُنَّا أَوَيْنَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ بِجِوَارِكَ عَلَى أَنْ يَعْبُدَ رَبَّهُ فِي دَارِهِ فَأَعْلَنَ بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالْقِرَاءَةِ، وَإِنَّا نَخْشَى أَنْ يَفْتِنَ أَبْنَاءَنَا وَنِسَاءَنَا، وَقَدْ خَالَفَ - أَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ - مَا كُنْتُ عَقَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَنْ يَعْبُدَ رَبَّهُ فِي دَارِهِ أَنْ يَرُدَّ جِوَارَكَ. قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَأَتَى ابْنُ الدَّغِنَةِ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ: قَدْ عَلِمْتَ الَّذِي عَاهَدْتُ لَكَ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ تَفْعَلَ ذَلِكَ - أَوْ: كَلِمَةً نَحْوَهَا - وَإِمَّا أَنْ تُرْجِعَ إِلَيَّ ذِمَّتِي فَإِنِّي أَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَتَحَدَّثَ الْعَرَبُ أَنِّي خَفَرْتُ فِي رَجُلٍ عَقَدْتُ لَهُ. فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: قَدْ رَدَدْتُ إِلَيْكَ جِوَارَكَ. وَتَهَيَّأَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ يُهَاجِرَ وَاشْتَرَى رَاحِلَتَيْنِ فَكَانَ يَعْلِفُهُمَا وَرَقَ السَّمُرِ - وَهُوَ الْخَبَطُ - أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: قَالَ عُرْوَةُ: قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَبَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ جُلُوسٌ فِي بَيْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ نَحْرَ الظَّهِيرَةِ إِذْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ: هَذَا رَسُولُ اللهِ مُقْبِلًا - أَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ: وَكَانَتْ سَاعَةً لَمْ يَكُنْ يَأْتِينَا فِيهَا - فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: وَاللهِ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّاعَةِ إِلَّا أَمْرٌ. قَالَتْ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ فَدَخَلَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ: أَخْرِجْ مَنْ عِنْدَكَ ". فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: إِنَّمَا هُمْ أَهْلُكَ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ: فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ أُذِنَ لِي فِي الْخُرُوجِ. فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: الصَّحَابَةُ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ: نَعَمْ ". فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: فَخُذْ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَحَدَ رَاحِلَتَيَّ. قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: بِالثَّمَنِ ". قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَأَخَذَ أَحَدَهُمَا وَجَهَّزْنَاهُمَا وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُمْ سُفْرَةً فِي جِرَابٍ، وَقَطَعَتْ أَسْمَاءُ إِحْدَى نِطَاقِهَا فَرَبَطَتْ بِهِ فَمَ الْجِرَابِ، فَمِنْ ثَمَّ سُمِّيَتْ ذَاتَ النِّطَاقِ. ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ إِلَى غَارٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: ثَوْرٌ، يَبِيتُ عِنْدَهُمَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَهُوَ غُلَامٌ شَابٌّ، فَيُدْلِجُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِمَا بِسَحَرٍ فَيُصْبِحُ مَعَ قُرَيْشٍ بِمَكَّةَ فَلَا يَسْمَعُ أَمْرًا إِلَّا وَعَاهُ فَيَأْتِيهِمَا بِذَلِكَ، وَيَرْعَى عَلَيْهِمْ عَامِرُ بْنُ فُهَيْرَةَ مَنِيحَةَ غَنَمٍ فَيُرِيحُهَا عَلَيْهِمْ حِينَ يَذْهَبُ سَاعَةً مِنَ الْعِشَاءِ، يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ تِلْكَ اللَّيَالِي الثَّلَاثِ

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Aḥmad
  2. 152
  3. Aḥmad b. Manṣūr
  4. ʿAbd al-Razzāq
  5. Maʿmar
  6. Ibn Shihāb Faʾakhbaranī ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr
  7. ʿĀʾishah Zawj al-Nabī ﷺ

✧ I did not comprehend my parents except that they were following the religion, and not a day passed without the Messenger of God ﷺ coming to us at the two ends of the day, morning and evening. When the Muslims were tested, Abu Bakr set out as an emigrant toward Abyssinia until, when he reached al-Ghimad, Ibn al-Daghinah met him and said, “Where do you intend to go, O Abu Bakr?” Abu Bakr said, “My people have driven me out, so I intend to wander in the land and worship my Lord.” Ibn al-Daghinah said, “O Abu Bakr, someone like you does not go out. You provide for the destitute, maintain family ties, bear the burden of the weak, host the guest, and assist in the calamities of truth. So I am your protector; return and worship your Lord in your own land.” So he returned, and Ibn al-Daghinah traveled with him. Ibn al-Daghinah went around among the nobles of Quraysh in the evening and said to them, “Abu Bakr should not go out; a man like him does not go out, who provides for the destitute, maintains family ties, bears the burden of the weak, hosts the guest, and assists in the calamities of truth.” Quraysh did not reject the words of Ibn al-Daghinah and said, “Tell Abu Bakr to worship his Lord in his house and pray in it, and not harm us nor make it public, for we fear he will tempt our sons and women.” Zayd b. al-Daghinah said, “He will not make his prayer public nor recite outside his house.” Then he told Abu Bakr what they said and what they replied. So Abu Bakr took a mosque in the courtyard of his house and would recite the Qur'an, and the women and children of the polytheists would pass by him and look at him. He was a man who wept much and could not control his eyes when reciting the Qur'an. That alarmed the nobles of Quraysh among the polytheists, so they sent to Ibn al-Daghinah and said, “We sheltered Abu Bakr under your protection on condition that he worship his Lord in his house, but he has made prayer and recitation public, and we fear he will tempt our sons and women. He has violated—I think he said—what you had stipulated for him, that he worship his Lord in his house, so let him return your protection.” Aisha said: So Ibn al-Daghinah came to Abu Bakr and said, “You know what I pledged to you. Either you do that—or something similar—or you return my protection to me, for I hate that the Arabs should say that I betrayed a man to whom I had given protection.” Abu Bakr said, “I have returned your protection to you.” Abu Bakr prepared to emigrate and bought two riding camels, and he fed them leaves of the samur tree—that is, khabet—for four months. Ibn Shihab said: Urwah said: Aisha said: While we were sitting one day in Abu Bakr's house at noon, a man said to Abu Bakr, “This is the Messenger of God coming”—I think he said, and it was a time when he had not been coming to us—so Abu Bakr said, “By God, nothing has brought him at this hour except a matter.” She said: The Messenger of God ﷺ came and asked permission, and he was granted permission and entered. The Prophet ﷺ said to Abu Bakr, “Send out those who are with you.” Abu Bakr said, “They are only your family, may my father be your ransom, O Messenger of God.” The Messenger of God said, “For I have been permitted to depart.” Abu Bakr said, “The companionship, may my father be your ransom, O Messenger of God?” The Messenger of God said, “Yes.” Abu Bakr said, “Then take, may my father be your ransom, O Messenger of God, one of my two riding camels.” The Messenger of God ﷺ said, “For its price.” Aisha said: So he took one of them, and we prepared them and made for them a provision in a leather bag. Asma’ cut one of her belts and tied with it the mouth of the bag, and from that she was called Dhat al-Nitaq. Then the Messenger of God ﷺ and Abu Bakr went to a cave called Thawr. Abdullah b. Abu Bakr, a young boy, would stay the night with them, then leave them at the end of the night and be with Quraysh in Makkah by morning. He would hear no matter without memorizing it, and would bring them that. Amir b. Fuhayrah would pasture for them a ewe given as a gift, and would bring it to them to rest when an hour of the night had passed. He did that every night of those three nights.

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