al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Bayhaqi) 17980
✧ What Is Incumbent on the Governor Regarding the Army
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( أَخْبَرَنَا ) أَبُو الْحَسَنِ: عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِي، أَنْبَأَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي، ثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسْمَاءَ، ثَنَا مَهْدِيُّ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ، ثَنَا سَعِيدٌ الْجُرَيْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي فِرَاسٍ، قَالَ:
شَهِدْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ وَهُوَ يَخْطُبُ النَّاسَ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّهُ قَدْ أَتَى عَلَيَّ زَمَانٌ وَأَنَا أَرَى أَنَّ مَنْ قَرَأَ الْقُرْآنَ يُرِيدُ بِهِ اللهَ وَمَا عِنْدَهُ، فَيُخَيَّلُ إِلَيَّ بِأَخَرَةٍ أَنَّ قَوْمًا قَرَءُوهُ يُرِيدُونَ بِهِ النَّاسَ وَيُرِيدُونَ بِهِ الدُّنْيَا، أَلَا فَأَرِيدُوا اللهَ بِقِرَاءَتِكُمْ، أَلَا فَأَرِيدُوا اللهَ بِأَعْمَالِكُمْ، أَلَا إِنَّمَا كُنَّا نَعْرِفُكُمْ إِذْ يَتَنَزَّلُ الْوَحْيُ وَإِذِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِنَا وَإِذْ نَبَّأَنَا اللهُ مِنْ أَخْبَارِكُمْ، فَقَدِ انْقَطَعَ الْوَحْيُ وَذَهَبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَإِنَّمَا نَعْرِفُكُمْ بِمَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ، أَلَا مَنْ رَأَيْنَا مِنْهُ خَيْرًا ظَنَنَّا بِهِ خَيْرًا وَأَحْبَبْنَاهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَمَنْ رَأَيْنَا مِنْهُ شَرًّا ظَنَنَّا بِهِ شَرًّا وَأَبْغَضْنَاهُ عَلَيْهِ، سَرَائِرُكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ رَبِّكُمْ، أَلَا إِنَّمَا أَبْعَثُ عُمَّالِي؛ لِيُعَلِّمُوكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَلِيُعَلِّمُوكُمْ سُنَّتَكُمْ، وَلَا أَبْعَثُهُمْ لِيَضْرِبُوا ظُهُورَكُمْ وَلَا لِيَأْخُذُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ، أَلَا فَمَنْ رَابَهُ شَيْءٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَلْيَرْفَعْهُ إِلَيَّ؛ فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسُ عُمَرَ بِيَدِهِ لَأُقِصَّنَّ مِنْهُ. فَقَامَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إِنْ بَعَثْتَ عَامِلًا مِنْ عُمَّالِكَ فَأَدَّبَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ رَعِيَّتِهِ فَضَرَبَهُ إِنَّكَ لَمُقِصُّهُ مِنْهُ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ عُمَرَ بِيَدِهِ لَأُقِصَّنَّ مِنْهُ، وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يُقِصُّ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ. أَلَا لَا تَضْرِبُوا الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَتُذِلُّوهُمْ، وَلَا تَمْنَعُوهُمْ حُقُوقَهُمْ فَتُكَفِّرُوهُمْ، وَلَا تُجَمِّرُوهُمْ فَتَفْتِنُوهُمْ، وَلَا تُنْزِلُوهُمُ الْغِيَاضَ فَتُضَيِّعُوهُمْ
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-Muqrī Anbaʾ al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad b. Isḥāq
- Yūsuf b. Yaʿqūb al-Qāḍī
- ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad b. Asmāʾ
- Mahdī b. Maymūn
- Saʿīd al-Jurayrī
- Abū Naḍrah
- Abū Firās
Machine translation, not reviewed
I witnessed ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb (may God be pleased with him) while he was addressing the people. He said: O people, a time came upon me when I thought that whoever recited the Qur'an intended by it God and what is with Him. Then it appeared to me, late on, that some people recite it intending by it the people and intending by it the world. Beware! Intend God by your recitation. Beware! Intend God by your deeds. Beware! We used to know you when the revelation was descending, when the Prophet ﷺ was among us, and when God informed us of your affairs. Now the revelation has ceased and the Prophet ﷺ has gone, so we know you only by what I say to you. Beware! Whoever we see good from, we think good of him and love him for it; and whoever we see evil from, we think evil of him and hate him for it. Your secrets are between you and your Lord. Beware! I send my governors only to teach you your religion and to teach you your Sunnah; I do not send them to strike your backs or to take your wealth. Beware! Whoever is troubled by anything of that, let him raise it to me; for by Him in whose hand is the soul of ʿUmar, I will carry out retaliation against him. Then ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ stood and said: O Commander of the Believers, if you send one of your governors and he disciplines a man of his subjects and strikes him, will you really retaliate against him? He said: Yes. By Him in whose hand is the soul of ʿUmar, I will retaliate against him, for I saw the Prophet ﷺ give retaliation against himself. Beware! Do not strike the Muslims, lest you humiliate them; do not deny them their rights, lest you make them disbelieve; do not keep them away on campaign for long, lest you tempt them into trial; and do not lodge them in the thickets, lest you cause them to be lost.
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Narrators
- Commander of the Faithful (amīr al-muʾminīn), well-known, of abundant virtues (jamm al-manāqib)d. 23 AH, also said: 24 AHعُمَر بْن الْخَطَّابأمير المؤمنين مشهور جم المناقبشهدت
- acceptable (maqbūl)أَبِي فِرَاسٍمقبولعن
- trustworthy (thiqah)d. During the governorship of Ibn Hubayrah (103–105 AH), or 108 AH, or 109 AHأَبِي نَضْرَةَثقةعن
- trustworthy (thiqah); his memory became confused (ikhtalaṭa) three years before his deathd. 144 AHسَعِيدٌ الْجُرَيْرِيُّثقة ، اختلط قبل موته بثلاث سنينحدثنا
- trustworthy (thiqah)d. during al-Mahdī's caliphate, or: 171 AH, or: 172 AHمَهْدِيُّ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍثقةحدثنا
- trustworthy (thiqah), eminentd. 231 AHعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسْمَاءَثقة جليلحدثنا
- d. 297 AHيُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِيحدثنا
- d. 346 AHالْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَأنبأ
- أَبُو الْحَسَنِ : عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِيأخبرنا
- d. 458 AHالبيهقي
Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com
Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.