al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Bayhaqi) 12848
✧ Clarification of the expenditure of four-fifths of fay' during the time of the Messenger of Allah
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( أَخْبَرَنَا ) أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، ثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ يَقُولُ:
سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ وَالْعَبَّاسَ وَعَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ يَخْتَصِمَانِ إِلَيْهِ فِي أَمْوَالِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ: كَانَتْ أَمْوَالُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ، مِمَّا لَمْ يُوجِفْ عَلَيْهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِخَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ، فَكَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ خَالِصًا دُونَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهَا عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ، فَمَا فَضَلَ جَعَلَهُ فِي الْكُرَاعِ وَالسِّلَاحِ عُدَّةً فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَوَلِيَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ بِمِثْلِ مَا وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ وَلِيتُهَا بِمِثْلِ مَا وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ ثُمَّ سَأَلْتُمَانِي أَنْ أُوَلِّيَكُمَاهَا، فَوَلَّيْتُكُمَاهَا عَلَى أَنْ تَعْمَلَا فِيهَا بِمِثْلِ مَا وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ وَلِيَهَا بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ثُمَّ وَلِيتُهَا بِهِ، فَجِئْتُمَانِي تَخْتَصِمَانِ، أَتُرِيدَانِ أَنْ أَدْفَعَ إِلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْكُمَا نِصْفًا ؟ أَتُرِيدَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً ؟ أَتُرِيدَانِ غَيْرَ مَا قَضَيْتُ بِهِ بَيْنَكُمَا أَوَّلًا ؟ فَلَا وَالَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ، لَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا قَضَاءً غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا، فَادْفَعَاهَا إِلَيَّ أَكْفِيكُمَاهَا
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. al-Ḥasan al-Qāḍī
- Abū al-ʿAbbās Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb
- al-Rabīʿ b. Sulaymān
- al-Shāfiʿī
- Ibn ʿUyaynah Yuḥaddith
- al-Zuhrī
- Mālik b. Aws b. al-Ḥadathān
Machine translation, not reviewed
I heard ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb (may God be pleased with him), while al-ʿAbbās and ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (may God be pleased with them) were disputing before him over the property of the Prophet ﷺ. ʿUmar (may God be pleased with him) said: "The property of Banū al-Naḍīr was among what God granted as spoils to His Messenger, which the Muslims had not pressed with horses or camels. So it belonged exclusively to the Messenger of God ﷺ, apart from the Muslims. The Messenger of God ﷺ would spend from it on his family the provision of a year, and whatever remained he would put into horses and weapons, as a preparation in the way of God. Then the Messenger of God ﷺ died, and Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq (may God be pleased with him) took charge of it in the same way that the Messenger of God ﷺ had taken charge of it. Then I took charge of it in the same way that the Messenger of God ﷺ and Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq (may God be pleased with him) had taken charge of it. Then you two asked me to put you in charge of it, so I put you in charge of it on the condition that you act in it in the same way that the Messenger of God ﷺ had taken charge of it, then Abū Bakr, then I. Then you came to me disputing. Do you want me to hand over to each of you a half? Do you want a judgement from me? Do you want anything other than what I judged between you at first? No, by the One by whose permission the heavens and the earth stand, I will not give any judgement between you other than that. If you are unable to manage it, then hand it over to me and I will suffice you in it."
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In their own words, as Hadith Unlocked records them. They are shown, not summarised into a grade.
- ابن خراش
قال عبدان قلت لابن خراش حديث لا نورث ما تركنا صدقة قال باطل قلت من تتهمه قال مالك بن أوس
machine translationʿAbdān said: I said to Ibn Kharrāsh, "The hadith 'We are not inherited from; what we leave is charity'?" He said: "It is false (bāṭil)." I said: "Whom do you accuse of it?" He said: "Mālik b. Aws."
in سنن البيهقي الكبرى, p. 12848
Narrators
- Commander of the Faithful (amīr al-muʾminīn), well-known, of abundant virtues (jamm al-manāqib)d. 23 AH, also said: 24 AHعُمَر بْن الْخَطَّابأمير المؤمنين مشهور جم المناقبسمعت
- He saw the Prophet (ruʾyah) but did not meet him as a Companiond. 91 AH, or 92 AH, or 94 AH, also said: 52 AHمَالِكَ بْنَ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِله رؤيةسمع
- The jurist and memorizer (ḥāfiẓ), whose eminence, precision and reliability are agreed upond. Ḍamrah b. Rabīʿah and others said: 123 AH. The nephew of al-Zuhrī and others said: 124 AH. Ibn Yūnus and others said: 125 AHالزُّهْرِيِّالفقيه الحافظ ، متفق على جلالته وإتقانه وثبتهيحدث عن
- Trustworthy (thiqah), a memorizer (ḥāfiẓ), a jurist (faqīh), an imam and a proof (ḥujjah), except that his memory changed towards the end of his life; he sometimes practiced concealment (tadlīs), but only from trustworthy narrators.d. 197 AH or 198 AHابْنَ عُيَيْنَةَثقة حافظ فقيه , إمام حجة إلا أنه تغير حفظه بأخرة , وكان ربما دلس لكن عن الثقاتسمعت
- The reviver (mujaddid) of the matter of the religion at the head of the two hundredth yeard. 204 AHالشَّافِعِيُّالمجدد أمر الدين على رأس المائتينأنا
- trustworthy (thiqah)d. 270 AHالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَثقةأنا
- d. 346 AHأَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَحدثنا
- d. 421 AHأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِيأخبرنا
- d. 458 AHالبيهقي
Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com
Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.