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العربية

Musnad Ahmad 2212

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حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ

إِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْزَلَ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْـزَلَ اللهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ و أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ و أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ. قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنْزَلَهَا اللهُ فِي الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ، وَكَانَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا قَدْ قَهَرَتِ الْأُخْرَى فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ حَتَّى ارْتَضَوْا وَاصْطَلَحُوا عَلَى أَنَّ كُلَّ قَتِيلٍ قَتَلَتْهُ الْعَزِيزَةُ مِنَ الذَّلِيلَةِ فَدِيَتُهُ خَمْسُونَ وَسْقًا، وَكُلَّ قَتِيلٍ قَتَلَتْهُ الذَّلِيلَةُ مِنَ الْعَزِيزَةِ فَدِيَتُهُ مِائَةُ وَسْقٍ. فَكَانُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَذَلَّتِ الطَّائِفَتَانِ كِلْتَاهُمَا لِمَقْدَمِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَمْ يَظْهَرْ، وَلَمْ يُوطِئْهُمَا عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ فِي الصُّلْحِ. فَقَتَلَتِ الذَّلِيلَةُ مِنَ الْعَزِيزَةِ قَتِيلًا، فَأَرْسَلَتِ الْعَزِيزَةُ إِلَى الذَّلِيلَةِ: أَنِ ابْعَثُوا إِلَيْنَا بِمِائَةِ وَسْقٍ. فَقَالَتِ الذَّلِيلَةُ: وَهَلْ كَانَ هَذَا فِي حَيَّيْنِ قَطُّ دِينُهُمَا وَاحِدٌ، وَنَسَبُهُمَا وَاحِدٌ، وَبَلَدُهُمَا وَاحِدٌ، دِيَةُ بَعْضِهِمْ نِصْفُ دِيَةِ بَعْضٍ ؟ إِنَّا إِنَّمَا أَعْطَيْنَاكُمْ هَذَا ضَيْمًا مِنْكُمْ لَنَا وَفَرَقًا مِنْكُمْ، فَأَمَّا إِذْ قَدِمَ مُحَمَّدٌ فَلَا نُعْطِيكُمْ ذَلِكَ ! فَكَادَتِ الْحَرْبُ تَهِيجُ بَيْنَهُمَا، ثُمَّ ارْتَضَوْا عَلَى أَنْ يَجْعَلُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمْ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَتِ الْعَزِيزَةُ، فَقَالَتْ: وَاللهِ مَا مُحَمَّدٌ بِمُعْطِيكُمْ مِنْهُمْ ضِعْفَ مَا يُعْطِيهِمْ مِنْكُمْ، وَلَقَدْ صَدَقُوا؛ مَا أَعْطَوْنَا هَذَا إِلَّا ضَيْمًا مِنَّا، وَقَهْرًا لَهُمْ ! فَدُسُّوا إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ مَنْ يَخْبُرُ لَكُمْ رَأْيَهُ؛ إِنْ أَعْطَاكُمْ مَا تُرِيدُونَ حَكَّمْتُمُوهُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُعْطِكُمْ حَذِرْتُمْ فَلَمْ تُحَكِّمُوهُ. فَدَسُّوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ نَاسًا مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لِيَخْبُرُوا لَهُمْ رَأْيَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَخْبَرَ اللهُ رَسُولَهُ بِأَمْرِهِمْ كُلِّهِ وَمَا أَرَادُوا، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ لا يَحْزُنْكَ الَّذِينَ يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْكُفْرِ مِنَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا آمَنَّا إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْـزَلَ اللهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: فِيهِمَا وَاللهِ نَزَلَتْ، وَإِيَّاهُمَا عَنَى اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Ibrāhīm b. Abū al-ʿAbbās
  2. ʿAbd al-Raḥman b. Abū al-Zinād
  3. his father
  4. ʿUbaydullāh b. ʿAbdullāh b. ʿUtbah b. Masʿūd
  5. Ibn ʿAbbās

✧ Indeed, God, Mighty and Majestic, revealed: 'And whoever does not judge by what God has revealed, those are the disbelievers,' 'those are the wrongdoers,' 'those are the transgressors.' Ibn Abbas said: God revealed it concerning the two parties of the Jews, one of which had overcome the other in pre-Islamic times until they agreed and settled upon that every person killed by the powerful party from the weak party, his blood money was fifty wasqs, and every person killed by the weak party from the powerful party, his blood money was one hundred wasqs. They continued upon that until the Prophet ﷺ arrived in Madinah, and both parties became humble due to the arrival of the Messenger of God ﷺ, while the Messenger of God ﷺ at that time had not yet prevailed over them and had not subjugated them, for he was in a truce. Then the weak party killed someone from the powerful party, so the powerful party sent to the weak party: "Send us one hundred wasqs." The weak party said: "Has this ever happened between two tribes whose religion is one, whose lineage is one, and whose land is one, that the blood money of some of them is half the blood money of others? We only gave you this because of your oppression of us and our fear of you. But now that Muhammad has arrived, we will not give you that!" War almost broke out between them, then they agreed to make the Messenger of God ﷺ judge between them. Then the powerful party considered and said: "By God, Muhammad will not give you from them double what he gives them from you. They spoke truthfully; we only gave them this out of oppression and domination over them!" So they secretly sent to Muhammad someone to find out his opinion for them: "If he gives you what you want, you will make him judge; but if he does not give you, be wary and do not make him judge." They secretly sent to the Messenger of God ﷺ some people from the hypocrites to find out for them the opinion of the Messenger of God ﷺ. When they came to the Messenger of God ﷺ, God informed His Messenger of their entire affair and what they intended, so God, Mighty and Majestic, revealed: 'O Messenger, let not those who hasten into disbelief grieve you, from those who say "We believe"...' up to His saying: 'And whoever does not judge by what God has revealed, those are the transgressors.' Then he said: "By God, it was revealed concerning the two of them, and by them God, Mighty and Majestic, meant these two parties."

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