Musannaf 'Abd al-Razzaq 9817
✧ What Came Concerning the Digging of Zamzam
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قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ: فَسَأَلْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ قَالَ:
فَاسْتَجَابَ لَهُ مَنْ شَاءَ اللهُ مِنْ أَحْدَاثِ الرِّجَالِ، وَضُعَفَاءِ النَّاسِ، حَتَّى كَثُرَ مَنْ آمَنَ بِهِ، وَكُفَّارُ قُرَيْشٍ مُنْكِرِينَ لِمَا يَقُولُ يَقُولُونَ إِذَا مَرَّ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي مَجَالِسِهِمْ فَيُشِيرُونَ إِلَيْهِ: إِنَّ غُلَامَ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ هَذَا لَيُكَلَّمُ زَعَمُوا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ. قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ: قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: وَلَمْ يَتَّبِعْهُ مِنْ أَشْرَافِ قَوْمِهِ غَيْرُ رَجُلَيْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ رَحِمَهُمَا اللهُ وَكَانَ عُمَرُ شَدِيدًا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَعَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: اللَّهُمَّ أَيِّدْ دِينَكَ بِابْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلُ إِسْلَامِ عُمَرَ بَعْدَمَا أَسْلَمَ قَبْلَهُ نَاسٌ كَثِيرٌ أَنْ حُدِّثَ أَنَّ أُخْتَهُ أُمَّ جَمِيلِ ابْنَةَ الْخَطَّابِ أَسْلَمَتْ، وَإِنَّ عِنْدَهَا كَتِفًا اكْتَتَبَتْهَا مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، تَقْرَأُهُ سِرًّا وَحُدِّثَ أَنَّهَا لَا تَأْكُلُ مِنَ الْمَيْتَةِ الَّتِي يَأْكُلُ مِنْهَا عُمَرُ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا فَقَالَ: مَا الْكَتِفُ الَّذِي ذُكِرَ لِي عِنْدَكِ، تَقْرَئِينَ فِيهَا مَا يَقُولُ ابْنُ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ ؟ يُرِيدُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ: مَا عِنْدِي كَتِفٌ فَصَكَّهَا أَوْ قَالَ فَضَرَبَهَا عُمَرُ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَالْتَمَسَ الْكَتِفَ فِي الْبَيْتِ، حَتَّى وَجَدَهَا فَقَالَ حِينَ وَجَدَهَا: أَمَا إِنِّي قَدْ حُدِّثْتُ أَنَّكِ لَا تَأْكُلِينَ طَعَامِي الَّذِي آكُلُ مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ ضَرَبَهَا بِالْكَتِفِ فَشَجَّهَا شَجَّتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ بِالْكَتِفِ حَتَّى دَعَا قَارِئًا، فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ وَكَانَ عُمَرُ لَا يَكْتُبُ فَلَمَّا قُرِأَتْ عَلَيْهِ تَحَرَّكَ قَلْبُهُ حِينَ سَمِعَ الْقُرْآنَ، وَوَقَعَ فِي نَفْسِهِ الْإِسْلَامُ فَلَمَّا أَمْسَى انْطَلَقَ حَتَّى دَنَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي وَيَجْهَرُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ، فَسَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقْرَأُ وَمَا كُنْتَ تَتْلُو مِنْ قَبْلِهِ مِنْ كِتَابٍ وَلا تَخُطُّهُ بِيَمِينِكَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ الظَّالِمُونَ وَسَمِعَهُ يَقْرَأُهَا وَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَسْتَ مُرْسَلا حَتَّى بَلَغَ عِلْمُ الْكِتَابِ قَالَ: فَانْتَظَرَ عُمَرُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى سَلَّمَ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ، ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ فَأَسْرَعَ عُمَرُ الْمَشْيَ فِي أَثَرِهِ حِينَ رَآهُ فَقَالَ: انْظُرْنِي يَا مُحَمَّدُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: أَعُوذُ بِاللهِ مِنْكَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: انْظُرْنِي يَا مُحَمَّدُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَالَ: فَانْتَظَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَآمَنَ بِهِ عُمَرُ وَصَدَّقَهُ، فَلَمَّا أَسْلَمَ عُمَرُ ؓ انْطَلَقَ، حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ فَقَالَ: أَيْ خَالِي اشْهَدْ أَنِّي أُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ ﷺ، فَأَخْبِرْ بِذَلِكَ قَوْمَكَ فَقَالَ الْوَلِيدُ: ابْنَ أُخْتِي تَثَبَّتْ فِي أَمْرِكَ، فَأَنْتَ عَلَى حَالٍ تُعْرَفُ بِالنَّاسِ يُصْبِحُ الْمَرْءُ فِيهَا عَلَى حَالٍ، وَيُمْسِي عَلَى حَالٍ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: وَاللهِ قَدْ تَبَيَّنَ لِي الْأَمْرُ، فَأَخْبِرْ قَوْمَكَ بِإِسْلَامِي، فَقَالَ الْوَلِيدُ: لَا أَكُونُ أَوَّلَ مَنْ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ عَنْكَ، فَدَخَلَ عُمَرُ فَاسْتَالْنَالْيَا، فَلَمَّا عَلِمَ عُمَرُ أَنَّ الْوَلِيدَ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ شَيْئًا مِنْ شَأْنِهِ، دَخَلَ عَلَى جَمِيلِ بْنِ مَعْمَرٍ الْجُمَحِيِّ، فَقَالَ: أَخْبِرْ أَنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ قَالَ: فَقَامَ جَمِيلُ بْنُ مَعْمَرٍ يَجُرُّ رِدَاءَهُ مِنَ الْعَجَلَةِ جَرًّا، حَتَّى تَتَبَّعَ مَجَالِسَ قُرَيْشٍ يَقُولُ: صَبَأَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، فَلَمْ تُرْجِعْ إِلَيْهِ قُرَيْشٌ شَيْئًا، وَكَانَ عُمَرُ سَيِّدَ قَوْمِهِ، فَهَابُوا الْإِنْكَارَ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُمْ لَا يُنْكِرُونَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ مَشَى، حَتَّى أَتَى مَجَالِسَهُمْ أَكْمَلَ مَا كَانَتْ فَدَخَلَ الْحِجْرَ فَأَسْنَدَ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ فَقَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، فَثَارُوا فَقَاتَلَهُ رِجَالٌ مِنْهُمْ قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا وَضَرَبَهُمْ عَامَّةَ يَوْمِهِ حَتَّى تَرَكُوهُ، وَاسْتَعْلَنَ بِإِسْلَامِهِ وَجَعَلَ يَغْدُو عَلَيْهِمْ وَيَرُوحُ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ فَتَرَكُوهُ، فَلَمْ يَتْرُكُوهُ بَعْدَ ثَوْرَتِهِمُ الْأُولَى، فَاشْتَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى كُفَّارِ قُرَيْشٍ عَلَى كُلِّ رَجُلٍ أَسْلَمَ فَعَذَّبُوا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ نَفَرًا.
Translation
✧ So whoever Allah willed from among the young men and the weak of the people responded to him, until those who believed in him became many. The disbelievers of Quraysh were deniers of what he said, saying when he passed by them in their gatherings, pointing to him: "This youth of Banu 'Abd al-Muttalib is, they claim, spoken to from heaven." Ma'mar said: Al-Zuhri said: No one from the nobles of his people followed him except two men: Abu Bakr and 'Umar (may Allah have mercy on them). 'Umar was harsh toward the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the believers. The Prophet ﷺ said: "O Allah, strengthen Your religion with Ibn al-Khattab." The beginning of 'Umar's Islam, after many people had already embraced Islam before him, was that he was told his sister Umm Jamil bt. al-Khattab had embraced Islam, and that she had a shoulder-blade on which she had written some of the Quran, reading it in secret. He was also told that she did not eat from the dead animal that 'Umar ate from. So he entered upon her and said: "What is this shoulder-blade that was mentioned to me, with which you read what Ibn Abi Kabshah says?"—meaning the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. She said: "I have no shoulder-blade." So 'Umar slapped her—or he said struck her—then he got up and searched for the shoulder-blade in the house until he found it. When he found it, he said: "I have been told that you do not eat my food that I eat from." Then he struck her with the shoulder-blade, gashing her twice. Then he went out with the shoulder-blade until he called a reciter, and he recited to him. 'Umar did not write. When it was recited to him, his heart was moved when he heard the Quran, and Islam fell into his soul. When evening came, he went until he drew near to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was praying and reciting aloud. He heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ reciting: "You did not recite any book before it, nor did you write it with your right hand" until he reached "the wrongdoers." And he heard him reciting: "those who disbelieve, you are not a messenger" until he reached "the knowledge of the Book." He said: So 'Umar waited for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until he finished his prayer. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to his family. 'Umar quickened his pace behind him. When he saw him, he said: "Wait for me, O Muhammad." The Prophet ﷺ said: "I seek refuge in Allah from you." 'Umar said: "Wait for me, O Muhammad, O Messenger of Allah." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ waited for him, and 'Umar believed in him and affirmed him. When 'Umar ؓ embraced Islam, he went until he entered upon Khalid b. al-Walid b. al-Mughirah and said: "O my maternal uncle, bear witness that I believe in Allah and His Messenger, and I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger ﷺ. Inform your people of that." Al-Walid said: "O son of my sister, be firm in your affair, for you are in a state known among people: a man wakes up in one state and ends the day in another." 'Umar said: "By Allah, the matter has become clear to me, so inform your people of my Islam." Al-Walid said: "I will not be the first to mention that about you." So 'Umar entered and sought... Then when 'Umar knew that al-Walid had not mentioned anything of his affair, he entered upon Jamil b. Ma'mar al-Jumahi and said: "Inform that I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger." So Jamil b. Ma'mar got up dragging his cloak in haste, going to every gathering of Quraysh saying: "'Umar b. al-Khattab has become a Sabian." Quraysh did not respond to him. 'Umar was the chief of his people, so they were in awe of denying him. When he saw that they did not deny it, he walked until he came to their gatherings, the fullest they were, and entered the Hijr and leaned his back against the Ka'bah and said: "O assembly of Quraysh, do you know that I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger?" So they rose up, and some men fought him fiercely. He fought them most of the day until they left him. He proclaimed his Islam and began going to them morning and evening, bearing witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger. So they left him alone, and they did not leave him after their first uprising. That weighed heavily on the disbelievers of Quraysh against every man who embraced Islam. They tortured a group of Muslims.
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