Shu'ab al-Iman (al-Bayhaqi) 6240
✧ Reports sternly warning against attacking a Muslim brother’s honor through insults or otherwise
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ، أَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، نا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، نا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ، نا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، نا الْعَلَاءُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ،
قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: " الْمُسْتَبَّانِ مَا قَالَا: فَعَلَى الْبَادِئِ مَا لَمْ يَعْتَدِ الْمَظْلُومُ ".
Translation
Chain of narrators
machine translationAbū al-Ḥusayn informed us: al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad b. Isḥāq informed us: Yūsuf b. Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Abū al-Rabīʿ narrated to us: Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar narrated to us: al-ʿAlāʾ narrated to us, from his father, from Abū Hurayrah,
Machine translation, not reviewed
He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Two people who revile one another: whatever they say, the sin is upon the one who began, so long as the wronged one does not transgress."
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Notes
رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ ؓ: " وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى جَوَازِ الِانْتِصَارِ مَا لَمْ يُوجَدْ مِنْهُ عُدْوَانٌ وَعِنْدِي أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ الْمُرَادُ أَنْ يُقَابِلَهُ بِمِثْلِ قَذْفِهِ أَوْ سَبِّهِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ يُكَذِّبُهُ فِيمَا يَقُولُ وَيَنْسِبُهُ إِلَى الظُّلْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ بِمَا يَقُولُ، وَقَدْ فَرَّقَ الْحَلِيمِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ بَيْنَ الْأَعْرَاضِ وَالدِّمَاءِ وَالْأَمْوَالِ حِينَ كَانَ الْقِصَاصُ مَشْرُوعًا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْأَمْوَالُ دُونَ الْأَعْرَاضِ فَإِنَّ الْقِصَاصَ لَا يَتَحَقَّقُ فِي الْأَعْرَاضِ، وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا قَالَ لِآخَرَ: يَا زَانِي، فَقَدْ نَالَ بِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ مِنْ عِرْضِهِ شَيْئًا؛ لِأَنَّ السَّامِعِينَ يَرَوْنَ أَنَّهُ عَلِمَ مِنْهُ مَا قَالَ، فَلِذَلِكَ رَمَاهُ بِهِ، فَإِذَا قَالَ لَهُ الْمَقْذُوفُ: بَلْ أَنْتَ الزَّانِي، لَمْ يَقَعْ قَوْلُهُ هَذَا لَهُ ذَلِكَ الْمَوْقِعَ لِأَنَّهُ خَرَجَ مَخْرَجَ الْمُجَازَاةِ فَيَقَعُ لِلسَّامِعِينَ أَنَّ قَذْفَ الْأَوَّلِ هُوَ الَّذِي حَمَلَهُ عَلَى مَا قَالَ دُونَ عِلْمٍ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ بِهِ، فَلَا يَتَغَيَّرُ مِنْ صُورَتِهِ عِنْدَهُمْ بِالْجَوَابِ مَا تَغَيَّرَ مِنْ صُورَةِ الْمَقْذُوفِ أَوَّلًا بِابْتِدَاءِ الْقَذْفِ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ نَائِلًا مِنْ عِرْضِهِ مِثْلَ مَا نَالَ هُوَ مِنْ عِرْضِهِ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ قِصَاصًا. وَبَسَطَ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ وَقَدْ رَوَيْنَا فِيمَا تَقَدَّمَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: " لَا تَسُبَّنَّ أَحَدًا "، قَالَ: فَمَا سَبَبْتُ بَعْدَهُ حُرًّا، وَلَا عَبْدًا، وَلَا بَعِيرًا، وَلَا شَاةً، قَالَ: وَإِنِ امْرُؤٌ شَتَمَكَ وَعَيَّرَكَ بِمَا يَعْلَمُ فِيكَ فَلَا تُعَيِّرْهُ بِمَا تَعْلَمُ فِيهِ، فَإِنَّمَا وَبَالُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ
machine translationMuslim narrated it in al-Ṣaḥīḥ, from Qutaybah and others, from Ismāʿīl. The Shaykh (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "This indicates the permissibility of retaliating so long as no transgression is committed. In my view, what is meant is not that he should answer him with the like of his slander or abuse, but that he should call him a liar in what he says and attribute wrongdoing and transgression to him for what he says. Al-Ḥalīmī (may Allah have mercy on him) distinguished between honour, blood and wealth, since retaliation is legislated in this world for blood and wealth, but not for honour, because retaliation cannot be realised in matters of honour. That is because when a man says to another: 'O adulterer,' he has by this statement harmed something of his honour, since the listeners think that he knew about him what he said, and that is why he accused him of it. Then if the accused says to him: 'Rather, you are the adulterer,' his statement does not have the same effect on him, because it comes across as a reply in kind. So it occurs to the listeners that the first one's slander is what led him to say what he said, without any knowledge he had of it. Thus his image in their eyes is not changed by the reply as the image of the one accused first was changed by the initial slander. So he has not harmed his honour as much as the other harmed his, and that is therefore not retaliation." He elaborated on the discussion. We have narrated earlier from Jābir b. Sulaym that the Prophet ﷺ said: "Do not revile anyone." He said: So after that I did not revile a free man, nor a slave, nor a camel, nor a sheep. He said: "And if a man insults you and shames you for something he knows about you, do not shame him for something you know about him, for the burden of that falls only upon him."
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