Shu'ab al-Iman (al-Bayhaqi) 3523
✧ Particular mention of the month of Rajab
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا خَلَفُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَرَابِيسِيُّ، بِبُخَارَى، أَخْبَرَنَا مَكِّيُّ بْنُ خَلَفٍ، حَدَّثَنَا نَصْرُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، قَالَا: أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى وَهُوَ الْغُنْجَارُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ غَالِبِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ،
قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: " إِنَّ رَجَبَ شَهْرُ اللهِ، وَيُدْعَى الْأَصَمَّ، وَكَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ إِذَا دَخَلَ رَجَبٌ يُعَطِّلُونَ أَسْلِحَتَهُمْ وَيَضَعُونَهَا، وَكَانَ النَّاسُ يَنَامُونَ، وَتُأْمَنُ السُّبُلُ، وَلَا يَخَافُونَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا حَتَّى يَنْقَضِيَ ". " قُلْتُ: وَهَذَا الَّذِي رُوِيَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مَشْهُورٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بالتَّوَارِيخِ أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ فِي الْأَشْهُرِ الْحُرُمِ كَانَ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْجُمْلَةِ، وَإِنَّمَا الْمُنْكَرُ مِنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ رَفَعَهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَرِوَايَتِهِ عَنْهُ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي أَوَّلِ الْإِسْلَامِ أَنْ لَا يُقَاتِلُوا ثُمَّ أَذِنَ اللهُ تَعَالَى فِي قَتْلِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي جَمِيعِ الْأَوْقَاتِ وَبَقِيَتْ حُرْمَةُ الْأَشْهُرِ الْحُرُمِ فِي تَضْعِيفِ الْأُجُورِ وَالْأَوْزَارِ فِيهَا حِينَ خَصَّ اللهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْأَشْهُرَ بِزِيَادَةِ الْمَنْعِ فِيهِنَّ عَنِ الظُّلْمِ، فَقَالَ: {إِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِنْدَ اللهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ ذَلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنْفُسَكُمْ}، وَلِذَلِكَ غَلَّظَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ دِيَةَ مَنْ قَتَلَ خَطَأً فِي الْأَشْهُرِ الْحُرُمِ، وَرَوَى فِي ذَلِكَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ "
Translation
Chain of narrators
machine translationAbū ʿAbdillāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us, Khalaf b. Muḥammad al-Karābīsī narrated to us in Bukhārā, Makkī b. Khalaf informed us, Naṣr b. al-Ḥusayn and Isḥāq b. Ḥamzah narrated to us, they both said: ʿĪsā, who is al-Ghunjār, informed us, from Ibn Abī Sufyān, from Ghālib b. ʿUbaydillāh, from ʿAṭāʾ, from ʿĀʾishah,
Machine translation, not reviewed
She said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Indeed Rajab is the month of Allah, and it is called al-Aṣamm (the Deaf). In the Jāhiliyyah, when Rajab entered, they would lay down their weapons and put them aside. The people would sleep, the roads were safe, and they did not fear one another until it ended." I said: What is narrated in this hadith is well known among the people of knowledge of histories, that the matter in the sacred months was along these lines. What is rejected (munkar) in this hadith is only its attribution to the Prophet ﷺ and its transmission from him. In the early period of Islam they were not to fight; then Allah Almighty permitted the killing of the polytheists at all times, and the sanctity of the sacred months remained in the multiplication of rewards and sins within them, when Allah Almighty singled out these months with added prohibition of wrongdoing in them. So He said: {إِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِنْدَ اللهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ ذَلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنْفُسَكُمْ}. For that reason al-Shāfiʿī, may Allah have mercy on him, made heavier the blood-money for one who kills by mistake in the sacred months, and he narrated on that from Ibn ʿUmar and Ibn ʿAbbās, may Allah be pleased with them.
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